Soil quality index as a tool for Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） monoculture conversion planning on afforested,reclaimed mine land     

Marcin Pietrzykowski 《林业研究》2014,25(1):63-74

In Central Europe,a large portion of post-mining sites were afforested with Scots pine,which is characterized by good adaptability and a tolerance for poor habitat at the beginning of forest ecosystem development.Conversion of monoculture on mine sites into more biodiverse mixed hardwood forests,especially on more fertile deposits,can be an emerging need in this part of Europe in next decades.The ability to classify the forests at these post-mining sites will facilitate proper species selection as well as the management and formation of the developed ecosystem’s stability.This work describes the guidelines that can be followed to assess reclaimed mine soil(RMS)quality,using the mine soil quality index(MSQI)and a classification of developed forest sites as a basis of tree-stand species selection and conversion of pine monocultures.The research was conducted on four post-mining facilities(lignite,hard coal,sulphur,and sand pit mining areas)on different RMS substrates dominant in Central Europe.Soil quality assessment takes into account the following features of the soil:texture soil nutrients(Ca,Mg,K,Na,P);acidity(pH KCl);and Corg-to-Nt ratio in the initial organic horizon.An analysis was conducted of classification systems using the MSQI validation correlation(at p=0.05)with vegetation features affected by succession:aboveground biomass of forest floor and ecological indicators of vascular plants(calculated on the basis of Ellenberg’s(2009)system).Eventually,in the analysed data set,the MSQI ranged from0.270 for soils on quaternary sands to 0.720 for a mix of quaternary loamy sands with neogene clays.Potential forest habitat types and the role of the pine in the next generation of tree stands on different RMS parent rock substrate were proposed.  相似文献   

独龙江流域森林资源现状及特点     

胡文萍 《林业调查规划》2014,39(5):83-86

根据森林资源规划设计调查方法,将独龙江流域进行单独区划,衔接县级林地保护利用规划及公益林生态效益补偿实施方案修编成果,得到了独龙江流域的森林资源现状。分析认为,独龙江流域具有林地比例高,人均林地面积多;森林覆盖率高,林地利用充分;乔木林每公顷蓄积量大,森林质量高;生态区位重要,公益林比例和林地保护等级高;天然林比重大,近成过熟林比例高;原始林多,植被保护好等特点。提出分级保护、发展林下经济、开展森林生态旅游、禁止木材运出等保护及开发利用建议。  相似文献   

Creation of artificial upwelling areas for brown trout, Salmo trutta, spawning in still water bodies     

Å. BRABRAND  B. R. HANSEN  & A. G. KOESTLER 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(5):293-298

Abstract  Brown trout, Salmo trutta L., spawning sites were constructed by creating areas of artificial upwelling water, 252 ± 37 mL m⁻² min⁻¹ (95% CL), through appropriately sized spawning gravel substrate in 3 m² vessels buried in the bottom of a 150-m² pond. Natural spawning occurred in the vessels during autumn 2001–2004, with hatching and alevin swim up the following spring. In areas of upwelling, egg survival was 85–95%, while no live eggs were observed in areas without upwelling. In areas with upwelling, the maximum density of live eggs at the eyed stage was 570–1510 eggs m⁻². In spring 2004 and 2005, the density of alevins was estimated at 322 (±187) m⁻² and 567 (±217) m⁻², respectively, in areas with upwelling water, compared with 35.2 ± 25.4 m⁻² in areas without upwelling water in 2004.  相似文献   

武术运动员退役前后骨量丢失的身体部位及年龄特征     

屈政梅 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(6):92-94

应用DXA双能量X射线骨密度仪测量退役前后武术运动员前臂、腰椎和髋部骨量,探讨PBM及骨量丢失的身体部位及年龄特征。结果：男性PBM,前臂（40~）0807±0124g/cm2;腰椎1-4（25~）1005±0138g/cm2;大转子（20~、25~）0801±0094g/cm2,股骨颈（15~、20~、25~）0974±0132 g/cm2,三角区（20~、25~）0904±0110g/cm2。女性PBM,前臂（35~）0723±0107g/cm2;腰椎1-4（25~）0952±0112g/cm2;大转子（25~、30~）0735±0078g/cm2;股骨颈（20~、25~）0863±0092g/cm2;三角区（25~）0794±0089g/cm2。结论：男性PBM高于女性,25~岁PBM出现的部位最多,PBM后,三角区骨量丢失幅度最大,女性大于男性。男性PBM,腰椎1-4>股骨颈>三角区>前臂>大转子,在15~到25~出现,股骨颈、大转子、三角区PBM稳定2~3个年龄段。女性PBM,腰椎1-4>股骨颈>三角区>大转子>前臂,在20~到30~出现,股骨颈、大转子稳定2个年龄段。  相似文献   

嘉陵江源头景区森林生态旅游现状分析     

罗开  罗增奇 《陕西林业科技》2011,(5):65-67,96

嘉陵江源头景区是宝鸡市乃至陕西省建立最早的几家国家级森林公园之一,目前存在的问题是景区投入总量不足、硬件设施规模偏小、档次较低、结构不优、人气不旺、活力不足、效益不高,发展速度明显滞后等问题仍然比较突出。针对这些问题,提出了要树立可持续发展的新思维、新理念、新创意引领,高起点规划、实施项目带动,加大景区投入、培育和建设森林文化、倡导低碳旅游、重视人才培养,提高景区管理服务水平的对策。  相似文献   

Plant communities, species diversity, richness, and regeneration of a traditionally managed coastal forest, Kenya     

Staline Kibet 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(6):949-957

The Kenyan coastal forests make up one of the World 25 Biodiversity Hotspots. They consist of over 140 fragments (the majority with areas less than 0.5 km²) of the once extensive Zanzibar-Inhambane lowland moist forest. The over 60 known Mijikenda sacred Kaya forests and groves scattered along the coastal hinterland form the greater part of this ecosystem. The forests are of biological and cultural significance, and this has been recognized nationally and internationally, with some now listed as World Heritage Sites. The forests are protected by councils of Kaya elders who regulate use of their resources. Increasing human population and subsequent rise in demand for forest products and land for settlement has put a strain on these relic forests. Farm encroachment and extraction of forest products in different Kaya forests have affected the vegetation ecology at varying levels. This study investigated the spatial species distribution, association and regeneration potential of commonly utilized plants in one of these traditionally managed ecosystems. A modified nested plot method was used to collect data in the field.Using TWINSPAN multivariate, and indicator species analysis, two plant communities (Asteranthe and Bridelia) and an undifferentiated vegetation type were identified. Species association in Asteranthe consisted largely of forest dependant species, with a significant presence of woody climbers. It was comprised of two sub-communities namely Manilkara and Scorodophloeos. In contrast the second plant community, Bridelia, was dominated by light demanding species. It comprised one sub-community (Catunaregam) and a seral stage (Keetia). The species diversity and richness was higher in the Asteranthe community compared to Bridelia. Some of the forest species commonly utilized by the local people were observed to regenerate both in open and closed forest habitats while others had seedling recruitment confined to closed forest.Despite some coastal forests showing physiognomic similarity, detailed study shows intra-variation linked to topography, exposition, type and intensity of human perturbation both currently and in the distant past. Clearly, vegetation patterns of coastal forests of eastern Africa change at fairly short intervals.Recruitment of forest specialists is likely to decline if closed forests are opened up by farm encroachment, however their less specialized counterparts can pioneer in re-colonization of disturbed sites if conservation is strengthened. There is need to invigorate traditional management systems of forests with cultural significance by recognizing and giving increased legal mandates to the local custodians.  相似文献   

西双版纳热带雨林国家公园试点建设的探讨     

沈庆仲 《林业调查规划》2011,36(2):124-127,132

在西双版纳热带雨林国家公园试点建设过程中,依托原国家级自然保护区机构和人员,依据现行的法规体系,吸收国际上国家公园建设的先进理念进行了一些卓有成效的实践,但也面临着许多难点和问题.针对西双版纳热带雨林国家公园试点建设实际,分析了国家公园建设中存在的缺乏统一的法规标准,交叉管理、多头管理,社区经济落后,发展困难多,经费投入不足,科学化管理水平不高等难点和问题,提出了相关对策和建议.  相似文献   

保护地栽植矮甜李授粉方法选择试验     

刘海荣 《中国林副特产》2004,(6):7-8

日光节能温室内种植的矮甜李选择授粉方法是获得高产的关键。通过人工点授、自然授粉、室内放蜂、液体授粉 4种方法的对比 ,总结出 4种授粉方法的坐果率为人工点授 (3 1 .0 7% ) >室内放蜂 (2 1 % ) >液体授粉 (9.5 3 % ) >自然授粉 (0 .1 6% ) ,从试验结果看出 ,保护地种植矮甜李必须进行辅助授粉 ,否则无产量。从经济、快捷、简便的角度出发 ,以室内放蜂为最佳授粉方法 ,放蜂量为 1 0 0 0头 /棚。  相似文献   

植物MYB蛋白与相应靶DNA结合位点间的相互作用     

王丽文  陈红忠  张欣欣 《分子植物育种》2015,(4)

MYB转录因子家族是功能多样、数量众多的转录因子之一,参与调控植物发育、代谢和对逆境胁迫响应等多种生理过程。近些年研究人员一直致力于研究MYB转录因子的特点和功能分析,目前对转录因子和其靶DNA相互作用已有了解,但对于植物R2R3-MYB蛋白与它们的同源靶DNA相互作用的分子机制的理解并不完整。本文结合最新研究进展,综述了植物MYB转录因子家族的进化、生物学功能以及表达调控,并着重阐述了植物MYB蛋白与相应靶DNA间相互作用特性,为进一步分析功能未知的植物MYB转录因子提供了参考。  相似文献   

Molecular characerization of the interaction between the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and tomato     

Guy Honée  Guido F. J. M. Van den Ackerveken  Henk W. J. Van den Broek  Ton J. Cozijnsen  Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten  Mirian Kooman-Gersmann  Jacques Vervoort  Ralph Vogelsang  Paul Vossen  Jos P. Wubben  Pierre J. G. M. De Wit 《Euphytica》1994,79(3):219-225

The fungus Cladosprium fulvum is a biotrophic leaf pathogen of tomato. The fungus develops in the intercellular space without forming specialized feeding structures and does not affect the leaf tissue. The outcome of the C. fulvum-tomato interaction can be described by the gene-for-gene model. Failure of infection is expressed by a hypersensitive response. Two fungal proteins, ECP1 and ECP2, have been isolated and their corresponding genes have been cloned. In a compatible interaction including many physiological races ECP1 and ECP2 are highly produced and a role in pathogenicity is suggestive. The ecp1 gene shows some homology with tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) while the ecp2 gene shows no homology with sequences known in data bases. However, disruption of one of the two genes showed no reduced pathogenicity of the fungus. Two race-specific elicitors, AVR4 and AVR9, have been isolated and their corresponding genes have been cloned. The avirulence genes Avr4 and Avr9 are only present in C. fulvum avirulent on Cf-4 and Cf-9 cultivars, respectively. The expression of these two genes is, like the expression of the ecp genes, highly induced when the fungus grows in planta. Disruption of the Avr9 gene in wild type avirulent races leads to virulence on tomato genotypes carrying the complementary resistance gene Cf-9. A single base-pair change in the avirulence gene Avr4 leads to virulence on tomato genotypes carrying the Cf-4 resistance gene. Isolation, characterization and possible function of ECP1, ECP2, AVR4, and AVR9 will be discussed.  相似文献