稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张斯梅  顾克军  张恒敢  顾东祥  张传辉  杨四军 《中国农学通报》2017,33(10):19-22

为了研究稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响,通过大区试验,分析了稻秸全量还田下不同耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗率、出苗均匀性及产量性状的影响。结果显示,相同的播种方式下,浅耕处理小麦出苗率高于免耕处理,但出苗均匀性差于后者;相同的耕作方式下,播种方式对小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性的影响差异较大,其中,机械匀播方式下小麦出苗率最高,出苗均匀性最好;小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性通过影响穗数、穗粒数、千粒重而影响籽粒产量,同一耕作方式下机械匀播小麦籽粒产量均高于其余2种播种方式,免耕和浅耕下机械匀播小麦产量分别达6484.35 kg/hm~2和6476.20 kg/hm~2。因此,稻秸全量还田条件下,建议采用免耕机械匀播方式,能有效改善小麦田间出苗情况,进而获得较高的籽粒产量。  相似文献   

核桃楸种子性状的初步研究     

李程  张姣  李寒  张雪梅  顾玉红  黄凯兵  楚策  赵杨 《种子》2017,(1):15-18

以近圆形、长形核桃楸种子为试材,对其部分性状及出苗率进行研究.结果表明,近圆形核桃楸种子的单果重、纵径、横径、侧径、三径均值、单果重/三径均值、缝合线厚度、缝合线宽度、壳厚、种仁重、出仁率依次平均为7.46 g、3.80 mm、2.59 mm、2.54 mm、2.64 mm、2.63、3.0 mm、4.1 mm、2.2 mm、1.3g、18.0％,长形核桃楸种子的上述指标依次平均为7.91 g、3.19 mm、2.61 mm、2.62 mm、2.98 mm、2.65、3.5 mm、4.3 mm、2.1 mm、1.2 g、16.8％,近圆形核桃楸种子单果重、横径、侧径、三径均值、单果重/三径均值、缝合线厚度、缝合线宽度依次比长形的小5.7％、0.8％、3.1％、11.4％、0.8％、4.8％、16.7％,其余指标依次高19.1％、4.9％、8.3％、7.1％;随着种壳减少,种子吸水达恒重所需时间减短且出苗率增加;在25℃下,种仁吸水4h达恒重,吸水时间比带整壳核桃楸种子快14倍;种仁的出苗率是带整壳核桃楸种子的9倍.  相似文献   

Variability in seedling emergence for European and North American populations of Abutilon theophrasti     

D Loddo  D Bozic  I M Calha  J Dorado  J Izquierdo  M &#x;&#x;epanovi&#x;  K Bari&#x;  S Carlesi  R Leskovsek  D Peterson  V P Vasileiadis  A Veres  S Vrbni anin  R Masin 《Weed Research》2019,59(1):15-27

Abutilon theophrasti is a weed that is spreading worldwide and that has had to adapt to different combinations of environmental conditions. Wide interpopulation variability has been reported regarding dormancy and germination. This variability, controlled by the interaction of genetic diversity and maternal effect, could hinder the adoption of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) tools. A collaborative project was conducted to compare emergence dynamics of 12 European and North American populations under diverse environmental conditions. The main aim was to assess interpopulation variability and explain this according to environmental conditions in the seed collection sites. Seeds were sown at six experimental sites, and seedling emergence was monitored. The AlertInf model was tested to evaluate its ability to predict emergence dynamics of the different populations. A wide interpopulation variability was observed for emergence percentage and dynamics with consistent trends across sites and related to different seed dormancy levels. Populations from Catalonia, Iowa and Minnesota reached higher emergence percentage with earlier and concentrated emergence flushes probably due to low dormancy level, while populations from Croatia, Serbia and Hungary, given their low average emergence percentage, presented high dormancy levels. Good predictive accuracy of AlertInf model was obtained at the different sites, confirming the possibility of adopting it across a wide range of environmental conditions. Achieving a better knowledge of interpopulation variability can allow specific control strategies to be designed, facilitating the replacement of solely herbicide‐based management with true IWM.  相似文献   

土壤盐分与灌溉水质对滴灌棉花出苗率的影响     

王伟  傅臣家  李光永  曾德超 《灌溉排水学报》2011,30(1):20-23

试验研究了灌溉水质与土壤初始含盐率对滴灌棉花出苗率的影响.试验结果表明,土壤不舍盐时,灌溉水质d对内行棉花出苗率影响不显著,对外行棉花出苗率影响显著;自来水处理的内行与外行棉花出苗率均大于微成水处理;在4种微咸水中,EC小的水质对应的出苗率高,EC值相同时,SAR值小的内行出苗率高,SAR值大的外行出苗率高.当土壤舍盐...  相似文献   

Crop responses to applied soil compaction and to compaction repair treatments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. J. Radford  D. F. Yule  D. McGarry  C. Playford 《Soil & Tillage Research》2001,61(3-4):157-166

Crop responses to annual compaction treatments (applied to whole plots) and management treatments to ameliorate compacted soil were determined in a field experiment on a Vertisol. Initially, all treatments except a control were compacted with a 10 Mg axle load on wet soil (26% gravimetric water content compared with a plastic limit of 22%). Annually applied axle loads of 10 and 6 Mg on wet soil (25–32% soil water) tended to reduce seedling emergence, grain yield (wheat, sorghum and maize), soil water storage and crop water use efficiency (WUE). Annual applications of an axle load of 6 Mg on dry soil (<22% soil water) had little effect on crop performance. Mean reductions in the yield of five crops (three wheat, one sorghum and one maize) in comparison with the uncompacted control were 23% or 0.79 Mg ha⁻¹ (10 Mg on wet soil), 13% or 0.44 Mg ha⁻¹ (6 Mg on wet soil) and 1% or 0.03 Mg ha⁻¹ (6 Mg on dry soil). Maize grown in the fifth year of treatment application was most affected by compaction of wet soil, its WUE being reduced from 14.3 to 9.7 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in response to an axle load of 10 Mg. Reduced WUE was associated with delayed soil water extraction at depth. A 3-year pasture ley was the most successful amelioration treatment. A wheat and a maize crop grown after the ley outyielded the control by 0.33 and 0.90 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. So the pasture not only ameliorated the initial compaction damage, with respect to crop performance, but resulted in improvements in two subsequent crops.  相似文献   

湖南柑橘大实蝇成虫生物学研究     

肖伏莲 《中国果业信息》2013,42(5)

对柑橘大实蝇成虫羽化期、田间消长规律及活动习性的研究,结果表明：1、三个观察点成虫羽化始见日至羽化高峰的时间都在5-10天左右,羽化期为16-19天,2011年麻阳的成虫始见日和羽化高峰期比2010年提前了5-8天,2011年长沙的羽化始见日和羽化高峰期都比麻阳稍早2-4天。2、成虫从羽化至基本死亡共持续84天。成虫在田间的始见日和高峰期分别处在5月下旬和6月中下旬,2010年成虫的田间始见日和高峰期都比2011年迟5至7天。3、成虫在交配产卵前,很少飞往柑橘树上,而在橘园及周围杂草或灌木丛中觅食、栖息;当气温超过30℃,成虫飞往橘园周边高大乔木或草丛中避暑,下午16∶00以后飞往柑橘树上产卵。  相似文献   

Foliar lifespan,phenology and seasonal dynamics of the invasive shrub Schinus terebinthifolia     

Brian N. Hogg  Keith Stokes  Min B. Rayamajhi  John Geiger  Paul D. Pratt 《Weed Research》2020,60(3):212-220

Schinus terebinthifolia is a dioecious tree native to South America that has become an invasive weed in Florida, southern California, southern Arizona, Texas and Hawaii and has been naturalised in over 20 countries. Biological control is considered a viable long-term control option for S. terebinthifolia because release from natural enemies appears to be at least partly responsible for its success in Florida. We examined leaf phenology of S. terebinthifolia over a period of 15 months at five sites in central and southern Florida to provide information that may help in predicting the impacts of potential biocontrol agents for this weed. We documented leaf lifespan, the seasonality of leaf development and abscission and the survivorship of leaves that emerged during either spring, summer or autumn. Average leaf lifespan was >4.5 months at all sites, and leaf phenology followed the seasons closely. Although S. terebinthifolia possesses leaves throughout the year, leaf production was greatest from April to September, and most leaves were abscised in February and March. Spring- and summer-emerging leaves were also longer-lived than leaves produced during autumn. These results suggest that leaves of S. terebinthifolia would be most vulnerable to herbivory during the spring and summer months when newly growing leaf tissue is most plentiful. Biocontrol agents capable of damaging these tissues during spring/summer might be an effective means of controlling this invasive weed.  相似文献   

4种荒漠植物种子出苗和幼苗生长对沙埋深度的响应     

柴成武  张德魁  王方琳  王飞  刘开琳  朱淑娟  孙涛 《西北林学院学报》2020,35(2):108-113

通过室内试验测定了黑果枸杞、沙冬青、沙蒿、霸王4种荒漠植物的种子生理特征以及沙埋深度（0、1、2、3、4、5 cm）对4种荒漠植物种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,体积较大的沙冬青和霸王种子萌发率与其重量、含水量、形状及活性间存在正相关关系;体积较小的黑果枸杞、沙蒿萌发率与种子重量、含水量、形状之间为正相关关系,与种子活性负相关。随着沙埋深度增加,4种植物种子出苗率下降、首次出苗时间延迟,茎高、绝对株高和根长及根冠比总体呈先增大后减小的趋势;幼苗生长方面,黑果枸杞和沙蒿分别适宜于1～2、0～1 cm的浅层沙埋,均在沙埋深度5 cm时种子几乎不萌发;沙冬青、霸王则适宜于3～4 cm较深层沙埋,在沙埋0 cm时均不萌发。此外,在荒漠区采用这4种植物进行植被恢复时,除考虑种子自身性状外,还应充分考虑当地的沙埋、降雨等条件,以提高出苗率、增大幼苗定植率。  相似文献   

不同区段和药剂处理对山药种薯出苗率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘永清  王学贵 《安徽农业科学》2005,33(4):647-647,675

试验结果表明:以不同区段的山药作为种薯进行栽培,选择栽子的效果较好,出苗率高达54.99%,较随机区段和山药尾子差异极显著;用50%多菌灵处理苗床育苗移栽大田效果显著,其出苗率达到91.76%,与其他处理的出苗率差异显著。  相似文献   

烟蚜茧蜂规模扩繁冬寄主筛选研究          下载免费PDF全文

舒建超  何应琴  赵如娜  钟明跃  陈文龙  杨颜 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2018,40(7):66-72

为筛选出烟蚜茧蜂(Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead)规模扩繁中的最佳繁蚜冬寄主,比较了自然条件下7种不同冬寄主上烟蚜的种群数量变化,烟蚜茧蜂对各寄主上烟蚜的防控效果及僵蚜羽化率.结果表明:烟蚜在7种寄主上种群数量的自然增长从大到小依次表现为烤烟K326、芥菜、芥菜型油菜、甘蓝型油菜、萝卜、红菜薹、白菜;芥菜上烟蚜茧蜂的寄生率为70.56%,显著高于其他寄主;7种冬寄主上僵蚜羽化率均高于70%,其中芥菜最高,为97.33%,萝卜最低,为72.87%,二者差异具有统计学意义.烟蚜茧蜂均能寄生7种冬寄主植物上所饲养的烟蚜且僵蚜羽化率相对较高,但总体而言芥菜上烟蚜的种群数量增长较快,烟蚜茧蜂的寄生率和僵蚜羽化率均最高,可利用芥菜来替代烟草作为冬季繁蚜寄主,也可在春烟种植前对芥菜田释放烟蚜茧蜂使其在田间建立自然种群.  相似文献