黄土高原节水生态型淤地坝建设的方法与措施          下载免费PDF全文

杨爱民  王浩  高季章  曹文洪 《中国水土保持科学》2005,3(3):92-97

 淤地坝是黄土高原地区水土流失治理的关键措施。大规模建设淤地坝,不仅对于改善黄土高原地区的生态环境,促进经济社会的可持续发展,全面建设小康社会具有重要意义,而且对于减少入黄泥沙,确保黄河安澜也具有不可替代的重要作用。基于黄土高原地区淤地坝建设所取得的巨大成就,分析淤地坝数量、淤地面积和拦泥量按区域、流域的分布特征;针对淤地坝建设中存在的设计不合理、设计标准偏低、坝地非点源污染加剧、无效蒸发大等问题,提出了淤地坝单坝系统和节水生态型淤地坝的概念,以及建设节水生态型淤地坝的基本方法和保障措施。还分析了节水生态型淤地坝建设的案例,以期为淤地坝工程建设提供有关科学依据。  相似文献   

辽宁省东部山区六县农村能源生态建设情况的调查     

唐春福 《农业工程学报》2003,19(7):48-50

该文以大量数据，说明辽宁省东部山区清原等6县生态环境及农村能源生态建设情况，提出加强东部山区农村能源生态建设的建议。东部山区森林资源生态价值和经济价值巨大，是辽宁省绿色天然屏障。清原等6县森林资源在全省占有重要份额，但农户生活耗柴对森林资源造成极为严重的破坏，导致水土流失，生态环境恶化。 进一步加强农村能源生态建设，已经成为保护森林资源的重大举措，成为东部山区实施可持续发展战略的重要内容。建议从认识、法制、科研、培训、投入、体系建设等方面入手，加大农村能源生态建设力度。  相似文献   

复合改良剂对后发酵馒头冷冻面团冻藏品质的影响     

周一鸣  张亚园  吕欣东  刘倩  李云龙  蒋晴怡  周小理 《农业工程学报》2020,36(16):274-282

冷冻面团加工技术作为一种面食生产新工艺,是目前较先进的面制品保鲜技术。冷冻处理会对酵母活力、面团品质、面团面筋结构等产生不良影响。为了提高冷冻面团品质,明确不同食品改良剂对后发酵冷冻面团馒头品质的影响,该研究优化了复配增稠剂(卡拉胶、瓜尔豆胶、海藻酸钠)、复配乳化剂(双乙酰酒石酸单双甘油酯、羧甲基纤维素)、复配酶制剂(谷氨酰胺转氨酶、葡萄糖氧化酶)和海藻糖对后发酵冷冻面团馒头品质的作用,通过单因素和响应面试验设计,考察了不同复合改良剂对冷冻面团馒头比容、质构和感官品质的影响。研究表明:海藻糖、酶制剂对冷冻面团馒头比容的影响极其显著(p0.01)。在添加量为0.4%乳化剂、0.8%增稠剂、45 mg/kg酶制剂、2%海藻糖的复配工艺下,冷冻面团馒头的比容达到最佳水3.15 mL/g,其硬度和弹性也达到较优值,分别为926.832 g、0.912 8。同时对未添加和添加复合改良剂冻藏0～2.5个月的冷冻面团进行扫描电镜观察,发现未添加复配改良剂的冷冻面团中大多数小淀粉颗粒裸露在外,颗粒分明,内部组织结构不均匀,而添加复合改良剂的冷冻面团淀粉颗粒镶嵌在面筋网络之间,蛋白网络结构清晰完整,冷冻面团内部组织结构均匀紧密,面团的抗冻性较强。  相似文献   

广西旱地分带间套轮作试验示范研究     

李威联 《广西农业生物科学》1989,(3)

于1986～1988年,在广西六个县、市进行了旱地分带种植试验、示范,已取得了预期效果。(1)经济产量比对照高187.9kg/亩,增产44.4%;(2)纯收入比对照高108.1元/亩,增收83.7%;(3)每个工日产粮、产值比对照分别高7.6 kg、2.7元/工,增54.7%、37.0%;每元投入产粮、产值比对照分别高1.2kg、0.7元,增33.3%、41.2%; (4)产/投能量效率高31%;每投一单位辅助能,产生物能,食物能比对照分剐高400kcal、120kcal;光能利用率及光能生产率此对照分别多0.17%,0.1%;(5)土地等量比率(L.E.R)为对照的4.4倍;(6)土壤肥力比对照有所提高。  相似文献   

泥蚶能量代谢相关的同工酶的分析     

苏秀榕  吕振明  李太武  刘志明  钱锟 《农业生物技术学报》2007,15(2):242-246

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）能量代谢相关的10种同工酶。酯酶和α-淀粉酶是同能量吸收有关的酶，主要分布于消化腺里。苹果酸脱氢酶、苹果酸酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和三磷酸腺苷激酶是与能量代谢相关的酶。泥蚶的能量供应有3种途径：有氧呼吸、无氧酵解和磷酸戊糖途径。从泥蚶体内含有很高活性的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶可知，磷酸戊糖途径是泥蚶糖代谢的主要途径，NADP为供能体。同其它贝类相比，泥蚶的三磷酸腺苷激酶的活性很低，这与它们的埋栖生活不活跃运动的习性是一致的。  相似文献   

Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers,ferric iron reducers,sulfate reducers,and methanogens in anoxic paddy soil   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

Christof Achtnich  Friedhelm Bak  Ralf Conrad 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1995,19(1):65-72

Slurries of anoxic paddy soil were either freshly prepared or were partially depleted in endogenous electron donors by prolonged incubation under anaerobic conditions. Endogenous NO ₃ ^– was reduced within 4 h, followed by reduction of Fe³⁺ and SO ₄ ^2– , and later by production of CH₄. Addition of NO ₃ ^– slightly inhibited the production of Fe²⁺ in the depleted but not in the fresh paddy soil. Inhibition was overcome by the addition of H₂, acetate, or a mixture of fatty acids (and other compounds), indicating that these compounds served as electron donors for the bacteria reducing NO ₃ ^– and/or ferric iron. Addition on NO ₃ ^– also inhibited the reduction of SO ₄ ^2– in the depleted paddy soil. This inhibition was only overcome by H₂, but not by acetate or a mixture of compounds, indicating that H₂ was the predominant electron donor for the bacteria involved in NO ₃ ^– and/or SO ₄ ^2– reduction. SO ₄ ^2– reduction was also inhibited by exogenous Fe³⁺, but only in the depleted paddy soil. This inhibition was overcome by either H₂, acetate, or a mixture of compounds, suggesting that they served as electron donors for reduction of Fe³⁺ and/or SO ₄ ²⁺ . CH₄ production was inhibited by NO ₃ ^– both in depleted and in fresh paddy soil. Fe³⁺ and SO ₄ ^2– also inhibited methanogenesis, but the inhibition was stronger in the depleted than in the fresh paddy soil. Inhibition of CH₄ production was paralleled by a decrease in the steady state concentration of H₂ to a level which provided a free enthalpy of less than G=–17 kJ mol^-1 CH₄ compared to more than G=–32 kJ mol^-1 CH₄ in the control. The results indicate that in the presence of exogenous fe³⁺ or SO ₄ ²⁺ , methanogenic bacteria were outcompeted for H₂ by bacteria reducing Fe³⁺ or SO ₄ ²⁺ .Deceased on 27 December 1992  相似文献   

热处理降低哈密瓜果实活性氧代谢减轻冷害   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

王静  茅林春  李学文  张辉  张明明  鞠国栋 《农业工程学报》2016,32(2):280-286

为探讨热处理能否激发哈密瓜果实抗冷性,减轻冷害。该文以"西州密25号"哈密瓜为原料,在已有研究的基础上,将哈密瓜在55℃热水中浸泡3 min,以室温(22±2)℃清水浸泡3 min为对照,待其表面水分完全晾干以后,放置于3~5℃机械冷库中贮藏,测定贮藏期间哈密瓜品质及生理指标。结果表明,与对照相比,热处理诱导哈密瓜果肉过氧化氢H_2O_2和超氧阴离子O_2~-含量短暂增加,但明显减少贮藏中后期(14~35 d)H_2O_2,O_2~-的积累(P0.05),提高活性氧清除酶过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P0.05),抑制细胞膜相对渗透率和丙二醛含量上升,降低贮藏后期的冷害发生率(P0.05),缓解果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量下降(P0.05),保持果实较好的品质。热处理主要通过诱导活性氧信号分子,提高活性氧清除酶活性、减少膜脂过氧化作用,从而减轻果实的冷害。研究结果为哈密瓜采后贮藏技术提供理论参考。  相似文献   

Phylogenetic relationships of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and its wild relatives based on seed protein profiles     

S. S. Jha  D. Ohri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1996,43(3):275-281

Total seed storage protein of 9 accessions of cultivated C. cajan and 10 wild Cajanus species was reported and compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A considerable variation was detected among the protein profiles of different accessions of C. cajan while those of wild species were very specific and distinctly different from each other. Relative similarities between various taxa were estimated by Jaccard's similarity index and cluster analysis was performed to produce a UPGMA dendrogram. The clustering of 10 wild species and C. cajan more or less agrees with their sectional classification and available data based on morphological characteristics, crossability, genome pairing in hybrids and nuclear RFLPs. The species closest to C. cajan is C. cajanifolia although the accessions of C. cajan also share some bands present in the profiles of C. scarabaeoides, C. goensis, C. lineatus, C. acutifolius and C. volubilis. This points towards polyphyletic origin of the cultigen which has been discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

县级农村能源建设模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张衍林  邹岚 《农业工程学报》2001,17(2):123-125

以宜昌县为例，在系统分析该县农村能源、农村经济和环境之间的关系及农村能源建设现状的基础上，建立了该县能源生态工程建设系统的结构模型及系统动力学模型，经过DYNAMO语言反复的仿真试验，研究该能源生态工程建设系统在当今市场经济的条件下未来30年的发展趋势，观察系统状态的动态变化。模拟结果表明：通过大力发展小水电、沼气和努力提高热效率，30年后，该县薪柴和秸秆的供能比例从54.73%下降到34.03%，土壤有机质从1.2 g/kg增加到2.0646 g/kg，森林覆盖率从32.3%提高到60.6%，实现了能源、生态效益同步增长。  相似文献   

繁缕(Stellaria media(L.)Vill.)种子萌发特性的研究     

单宇  赵海光  郑玉红  管福琴  夏冰  冯煦 《种子》2011,30(1)

对繁缕进行温度、光照、低温贮藏、赤霉素和破种皮处理实验,研究不同条件对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,繁缕种子萌发对温度敏感,对光照不敏感,最适宜的萌发温度为12℃,最适光照条件为8 h。低温贮藏处理可有效促进种子萌发,-70℃贮藏后种子萌发率达到93.25%。赤霉素对种子萌芽影响较显著,最适浓度为500 mg/L。破种皮处理后种子萌发效果最好,萌发率达到96.75%,并于5 d萌发完毕。  相似文献