Range fidelity: The missing link between caribou decline and habitat alteration?     

Geneviève Faille  Jean-Pierre Ouellet  Réhaume Courtois  Claude Dussault 《Biological conservation》2010,143(11):2840-2850

Conservation of forest-dwelling caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) is of great concern across most of its range. Anthropogenic disturbances, primarily logging activities, have been identified as the most important cause of caribou decline, although the mechanisms underlying this decline are not fully understood. Caribou commonly display fidelity to calving sites or seasonal ranges, but the potential role of this life-history trait has been largely overlooked in research and conservation planning. This is surprising because sites and ranges with high inter-annual use should have high conservation value. We investigated the relationship between habitat disturbances and home-range fidelity of forest-dwelling caribou across three study sites in Québec, Canada, using a broad range of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Between 2004 and 2007, we tracked 47 adult female caribou using GPS collars. Home-range fidelity varied between seasons, being higher during calving and summer, and lower during winter. Caribou reduced fidelity following natural and anthropogenic disturbances, the latter having a stronger negative influence. Anthropogenic disturbances had a strong negative impact on home-range fidelity during annual, summer and winter periods, whereas natural disturbance was the dominant factor during calving. Despite this negative influence on fidelity, caribou tended to demonstrate range fidelity even in study sites most impacted by human activities. Habitat disturbances could produce two possible outcomes for caribou conservation: (1) a trend for females to reduce home-range fidelity which could translate into lower calf and female caribou survival through reduced familiarity with food distribution, escape cover and predation risk and (2) a global tendency to maintain range fidelity even in a drastically modified landscape which could turn into an ecological trap, particularly for calves when predation risk increases due to increased black bear density in early successional forests. Taking range fidelity behavior into consideration during forest management planning could direct conservation efforts toward the best available sites and therefore facilitate caribou persistence in managed landscapes.  相似文献   

Population demography and fecundity do not decline with habitat fragmentation in the rainforest tree Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae)     

Jodi M. Neal  Craig M. Hardner 《Biological conservation》2010,143(11):2591-2600

Habitat fragmentation is often associated with reduced levels of fitness and local extinction of plant species, and consequently poses a major threat to the persistence of species worldwide. The majority of demography-based fragmentation studies to date have focussed primarily on fragmentation impacts on individual plant fecundity. Here we investigate the impact of habitat fragmentation on the demography (plant height classes and density) and key population dynamic processes for the rainforest tree species Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae). Raceme and fruit production and seedling emergence across fragmented sites exceeded that in more intact sites with no apparent difference in short-term mortality rates. Fecundity of flowering trees did not appear to be affected by fragmentation. Instead, overall reproductive output in fragmented sites was enhanced relative to undisturbed sites due to a higher proportion of reproductively active individuals. The probability of flowering and fruiting was negatively correlated with the projected foliage cover (PFC) surrounding individual trees, and average PFC was significantly lower in small and medium fragments, suggesting light availability as a potential contributor to the trends observed here.This study demonstrates that the short-term effects of habitat fragmentation on population viability may not necessarily be detrimental for some species, and highlights the importance of assessing not only the fecundity of flowering individuals but also the proportion of individuals reproducing within fragments.  相似文献   

Indirect host effect on ectomycorrhizal fungi: Leaf fall and litter quality explain changes in fungal communities on the roots of co-occurring Mediterranean oaks     

Cristina Aponte  Luis V. García  Monique Gardes 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(5):788-796

Host trees can modify their soil abiotic conditions through their leaf fall quality which in turn may influence the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition. We investigated this indirect interaction using a causal modelling approach. We identified ECM fungi on the roots of two coexisting oak species growing in two forests in southern Spain - Quercus suber (evergreen) and Quercus canariensis (winter deciduous)-using a PCR-based molecular method. We also analysed the leaf fall, litter and soil sampled beneath the tree canopies to determine the concentrations of key nutrients. The total mycorrhizal pool was comprised of 69 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Tomentella and Russula were the most species-rich, frequent and abundant genera. ECM fungi with epigeous and resupinate fruiting bodies were found in 60% and 34% of the identified mycorrhizas, respectively. The calcium content of litter, which was significantly higher beneath the winter-deciduous oak species due to differences in leaf fall quality, was the most important variable for explaining ECM species distribution. The evaluation of alternative causal models by the d-sep method revealed that only those considering indirect leaf fall-mediated host effects statistically matched the observed covariation patterns between host, environment (litter, topsoil, subsoil) and fungal community variables.  相似文献   

Unfrozen water content moderates temperature dependence of sub-zero microbial respiration     

E.L. Tilston  T. Sparrman 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(9):1396-1407

Abrupt increases in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration below 0 °C have been interpreted as a change in the dominance of other co-dependent environmental controls, such as the availability of liquid-state water. Yet the relationship between unfrozen water content and soil respiration at sub-zero temperatures has received little attention because of difficulties in measuring unfrozen water contents. Using a recently-developed semi-solid ²H NMR technique the unfrozen water content present in seasonally frozen boreal forest soils was quantified and related to biotic CO₂ efflux in laboratory microcosms maintained at temperatures between −0.5 and −8 °C. In both soils the unfrozen water content had an exponential relationship with temperature and was increased by addition of KCl solutions of defined osmotic potential. Approximately 13% unfrozen water was required to release the dependence of soil respiration on unfrozen water content. Depending on the osmotic potential of soil solution, this threshold unfrozen water content was associated with temperatures down to −6 °C; yet if temperature were the predictor of CO₂ efflux, then the abrupt increase in the temperature sensitivity of CO₂ efflux was associated with −2 °C, except in soils amended with −1500 kPa KCl which did not show any abrupt changes in temperature sensitivity. The KCl-amendments also had the effect of decreasing Q₁₀ values and activation energies (Ea) by factors of 100 and three, respectively, to values comparable with those for soil respiration in unfrozen soil. The disparity between the threshold temperatures and the reductions in Q₁₀ values and activation energies after KCl amendment indicates the significance of unfrozen water availability as an environmental control of equal importance to temperature acting on sub-zero soil respiration. However, this significance was diminished when soils were supplied with abundant labile C (sucrose) and the influences of other environmental controls, allied to the solubility and diffusion of respiratory substrates and gases, are considered to increase.  相似文献   

集体林权制度改革背景下广西林农认知和参与林业科技服务程度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘亚萍  万业靖  金建湘 《中南林业调查规划》2011,30(3):9-14,17

基于广西3县7个村镇334户林农问卷调查的统计结果,对广西林农认知和参与林业科技服务的现状进行分析。结果表明：林权改革后的广西大多数林农拿到了林权证,80%以上的林农关注过乡政府或村委会承办的林业知识宣传栏,但仅有47.6%的林农在分到林地后接受过林业知识或技术培训,43.4%的林农接受过林业专家的林业科学技术指导;另外,通过林农林地拥有量与愿意参与林业科技服务活动的相关性分析后发现,林地较多的林农需要科技服务的意愿要强于林地较少的林农,林地越多的林农进行经营管理的活动就越多。由此可知,广西林农对于林业科技服务的认知和参与程度还不是很高,有待相关管理部门和研究学者进一步研究,找寻其中的主要原因。  相似文献   

对林业投入的思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常继锋  潘家坪 《河北林果研究》2000,15(4):303-306

林业投入不仅包括传统的资金投入、物资投入和劳动投入这３种实体形态的硬要素投入，还包括软要素投入，即林业体制投入（含政策、法规、管理投入）、林业科技投和（含教育、科技、信息投入）和林业监督投入（含管制奖惩投入）。长期以来，由于对林业投入的观念存在误区，片面强调林业投入中的资金、人力、物力的硬要素，忽视法规、科技、信息、管理等软要素的投入，严重制约了我国林业的发展。在我国转变林业经济增长方式，实施可持续发展的形势下，加强林业软要素投入，树立“大投入”的思想观念，对于我国林业发展有着十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

杉木形态结构可视化模拟调查方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卢康宁  张怀清  刘闽 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,30(1)

树木可视化模拟首先是树木形态结构的模拟,对树木形态结构的准确了解对于提高模拟精度至关重要。杉木是我国特有的重要用材树种,从杉木可视化模拟的角度出发,针对杉木的形态结构建模所需的参数,从杉木的整体信息和分枝信息两个方面设计了杉木形态结构调查因子,并提出了相应的调查方法。对所调查的杉木数据进行了统计分析,得出了杉木的结构特征:杉木一级枝仰角主要分布在60~°90°内,方位角基本属于均匀分布,二级枝分布在水平方向上;随着枝下距的增加,枝长减少;枝长越长,子枝个数越多。  相似文献   

Cross-Sectoral Policy Linkages and Environmental Accounting in Forestry     

《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3):47-66

Abstract

It is important to analyze cross-sectoral policy linkages and to quantify their effects by using the system of integrated environmental and economic accounting in order to ensure effective integration of forestry into national development. This paper reviews relevant policy linkages in the forestry sector, policy applications of forestry accounts, and challenges to their implementation. It argues for the need to develop regional or local accounting methods providing social, environmental, and economic data to allow assessment of the combined impacts of different public policies. It emphasizes the urgency of strengthening the management capacity of public agencies in dealing with complex policy networks addressing sustainable and multifunctional forest management.  相似文献   

不同疏伐强度对华山松母树林生长结实的效应     

太跃华 《西部林业科学》2000,(1):9-13

母树林的生长结实与疏伐有直接的关系；不同的疏伐强度能对母树林的生长发育和结实产生不同的作用。通过对华山松人工林不同疏伐强度的多年研究，展示了华山松母树林不同疏伐强度的生长、发育和结实情况，并提出了华山松母树林的合理综合疏伐强度指标。得出了改建华山松母树林应以郁闭度0．5～0.6为控制疏伐强度的指标。  相似文献   

Biodiversity functions of urban cemeteries: Evidence from one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2016

As the world becomes more urbanized, urban cemeteries may become increasingly valuable for biodiversity conservation as cemeteries are ubiquitous elements of the green infrastructure in cities worldwide. By implementing a multi-taxon approach at different spatial extents, we analyzed habitat functions of a large urban cemetery in Berlin (Weiÿensee Jewish Cemetery) and explored related environmental variables. This cemetery is an outstanding cultural heritage site but it also stands for old urban cemeteries that have progressed to urban woodland, an ecosystem type that exists in many regional and religious contexts. The cemetery provided a habitat for 604 species; species of conservation concern comprised 1.6⿿100% of total species among different groups of taxa (in decreasing order: bats, birds, lichens, bryophytes, carabids, vascular plants, spiders). Species richness and species composition at the plot level were significantly related to differences in management intensity and resulting vegetation structures but differed among taxonomic groups. In vascular plants, carabids and spiders, the species composition varied significantly with habitat age, and there was a set of characteristic species for different age classes in each species group. Our results thus support the use of differentiated management approaches to maintain habitat heterogeneity by allowing wilderness development in some parts of a cemetery while keeping others more open. Since these aims can be combined with efforts to preserve outstanding grave architectures and allow access to visitors, our study indicates ways of reconciling conflicting aims of heritage preservation and biodiversity conservation, a promising perspective for biodiversity conservation in culturally shaped urban landscapes. We conclude that cemeteries provide important cultural ecosystem services within the urban green infrastructure.  相似文献