草原区沙地放牧草地合理利用途径   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

赵钢  许毅红  赵明旭  杜秀武 《干旱区资源与环境》2002,16(2):68-73

本文通过对草原区沙地放牧草地在畜牧业生产实践中出现大面积退化和沙化现象的分析 ,探讨了沙地放牧草地合理利用的途径 ,认为对于沙地放牧草地的保护 ,重点应放在草地的合理利用方面。通过以草定畜 ,合理调整载畜量 ;建立合理的利用制度 ;发展季节畜牧业 ;调整畜群结构 ,增加良种畜比例 ;以及改良天然草地 ,建立人工、半人工草地等措施 ,达到草原区沙地草地的可持续利用。  相似文献   

Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview     

Denis J. Sonwa  Ousmane Coulibaly  A. Akinwumi Adesina  Stephan F. Weise  Mathurin Tchatat 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):191-199

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

以固氮树种发展食用菌专用林的建议     

刘福平 《食用菌学报》2002,9(4):33-39

许多固氮树种速生丰产，萌生能力强，叶片，木屑含氮率较高，可为食用菌栽培提供理想原料，而且固氮树种在绿花荒山，保持水土，提高地力方面作用显著，以固氮树种发展短轮伐期食用菌专用林，具有较高的经济效益和生态效益，本文介绍了银合欢，黑荆，大叶相思，银荆，桤木，南洋楹和马占相思等在食用菌栽培上的应用概况，各地可因地制宜栽培合适的固氮树种作为食用菌专用林。  相似文献   

新疆淡水藻类研究：乌鲁木齐南山八一林场绿藻初报     

王克勤 《干旱区研究》1997,14(4):26-29

本文首镒报道乌鲁木齐南山八一林场山区的绿藻１１属，１２种，其中１０属，１０种为新疆新记录。这些结果是对１９９１年７月采集的２０号标本经鉴定后获得的。  相似文献   

晋西昕水河流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局动态分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

包晓斌 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(4):22-27

本文以晋西昕水河流域为典型实例，概述了流域生态经济型防护林体系建设背景。依据流域内各类型区在不同时段的土地利用结构和生态经济特征，进行流域生态经济型防护林体系景观格局变化分析，表明了流域内景观多样性和异质性不断增加的发展趋势，以及确定各区主要发展方向，实行综合开发与治理的必要性，并提出了相应的流域生态经济型防护林体系动态调控途径。  相似文献   

基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

杨国靖  肖笃宁  赵成章 《干旱区研究》2004,21(1):27-32

在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS环境下 ,将祁连山区DEM图和坡向图分别同植被图叠加 ,分析研究区各景观组分在空间的分布特征 ;用定量分析景观结构和景观格局程序Fragstats计算景观和各景观组分的相关指数 ,分析其连通性、完整性、破碎化程度及聚集程度。结果表明 :研究区各景观组分分布受海拔高度和坡向的影响非常明显。各景观组分的完整性、连通性和破碎化程度也很不均衡。草地是研究区面积最大、连通性和完整性最好的景观组分 ;青海云杉林呈斑块状或带状分布在阴坡和半阴坡 ,形状最为不规则 ,平均斑块面积小且距离近 ,易受干扰而发生重大变化 ;宜林地和祁连圆柏林相对于农田、疏林地有较强的扩张特征 ;而杨类阔叶林各斑块间相隔距离大 ,斑块之间的邻接性差 ,破碎化程度最为严重。  相似文献   

ANN在森林资源预测中的应用研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张锦宗  朱瑜馨 《干旱区研究》2004,21(4):374-378

人工神经网络(ANN)方法是基于实例的方法,不需要考虑数学模型的内部结构,不需要假设前提条件,不需要人为地确定因子权重,作为一个黑箱综合地映射研究对象的整体性。应用人工神经网络多步预测方法对甘肃连城林场吐鲁沟营林区有林地面积进行预测,网络模型的最大相对误差为0 080 8％,最小相对误差达到0 0089％,平均为0.038 6％,表明预测值与实际值吻合程度很好,因此模型的精度较高,并且建模简单经预测,林场2000-2004年有林地面积稍有下降趋势,分别为2 873.2 hm2,2 618 7 hm2,2 484.5 hm2,2 346 hm2,2 171 6hm2。  相似文献   

Improving management for higher reproduction accelerates genetic improvement in closed herd of swine     

Masahiro SATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(6):499-502

The present study compared responses to selection at different conception rates and litter sizes at weaning in a simulated closed herd in a swine breeding program. The base population consisted of 10 males and 50 females, and 10 generations of selection was practiced by using individual phenotype or best linear unbiased prediction of breeding values for a trait with heritability (h²) of either 0.2 or 0.5. The probability of conception in a single mating was assumed to be 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0. Litter size at weaning was sampled randomly from a normal distribution with mean 8, 10 or 12 and variance 8.1225. Genetic response increased by approximately 6% for h² = 0.2 and approximately 5% for h² = 0.5 at generation 10 when conception rate was increased from 0.8 to 1.0. However, litter size at weaning did not affect response to selection. In conclusion, improving conception rate by environmental management increases genetic response indirectly in a breeding program of a closed swine herd.  相似文献   

Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey     

Emin Zeki Başkent  Ali İhsan Kadıoğulları 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(7):121-131

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.  相似文献   

印江自治县洋溪镇森林资源特点及林业发展规划     

罗时娟 《中国园艺文摘》2011,27(6):185-186

洋溪镇山区脱贫致富的最大优势在于山,提出林业发展措施：（1）采取有效的技术措施把现有的近3335hm2茶园基地管理好,并适度发展鲜果类经济林;（2）加强幼龄林的抚育和林分的封山育林工作;（3）进行山区林业综合开发,大力发展以马尾松、杉木为辅的用材林造林和低产林分改造,以优质烤烟为主产业化建设;（4）利用区位优势,发展森林旅游业。  相似文献