云南切梢小蠹的室内饲养及隐蔽期生活习性的观察方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

段兆尧  杨子祥  王健敏  和玉华 《林业科学研究》2013,26(3):389-392

云南切梢小蠹(Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli)是云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franchet)的主要害虫之一[1],该虫于20世纪80年代首次在滇中地区大面积危害,以后蔓延至云南省15个州(市)65个县,迄今已导致6万多公顷云南松林死亡[2-5].2008年以前,该虫曾经长期被认为是纵坑切梢小蠹(Tomicus piniperda L.)[1].与大多数小蠹相似,云南切梢小蠹钻蛀在树皮与边材之间,终生潜伏生活,只有新成虫羽化后的短暂时间飞离树身,在林中活动、觅食、交配,另筑坑道入侵新寄主[6-7].  相似文献   

Shear resistant performance of RC columns subjected to vertical near-fault velocity pulse-like earthquake actions     

ZHAO Weifeng  TIAN Songwu  ZHOU Jing 《保鲜与加工》2013,(6):103-111

The aim is to evaluate the seismic properties of ancient timber structure after strengthening and analyze the failure process and corresponding failure state. Based on the hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation principle of the dovetail column-frame strengthened with CFRP and Arches Brackets under the low reversed cyclic loading, the “potential of destruction-resisting” of the two energy-consuming components is obtained. The dissipated energy of each energy-consuming component under the various earthquake conditions is calculated combining with the shaking table test of ancient timber structure. The model of seismic damage evaluation of the two energy-consuming components is established on the basis of the “potential of destruction-resisting” and the dissipated energy. By means of the energy distribution coefficient, the relationship of the failure state between energy-consuming components and overall strengthened structure is discovered, and the model of seismic damage evaluation of the overall structure under the various earthquake conditions is presented. With the derived model of seismic damage evaluation, the failure coefficient of the energy-consuming components and the overall strengthened structure is quantitatively calculated. According to the failure state, the corresponding damage grade of overall strengthened structure is obtained. The results can provide a reliable theoretical basis for predicting the destruction before earthquake and re-reinforcement to the strengthened ancient timber structures after earthquake.  相似文献   

Formal Address     

《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):11-17

Summary

A combination of social, economic and physical factors contribute to a decision to migrate for a peasant farmer. Seventy percent of Panamanian land comprises steep topography with low soil fertility. Campesinos (peasant farmers) must perpetually migrate when the land they have settled in the forest loses fertility. This process of continual migration results in deforestation and conversion of forest land to pasture land, which then becomes degraded and subsequently abandoned. Also, government policy has not favored the activities of small land owners, but loans from national banks have financed the promotion of large-scale cattle ranches.

Migration patterns consist of moving to a forested area, clearing it for agriculture for one to three years, and thereafter sowing it for pasture. These conditions eventually result in low agricultural and cattle production. Campesinos therefore sell the land to cattle ranchers who can afford to invest in better management practices. Deforestation in the Canal Watershed, therefore, has left a pattern of land ownership comprising a matrix of a few large landowners, within which remain numerous but small peasant land holdings.

A program for small land owners in and around the Watershed region that promotes social, cultural, and economic stability of land use is needed. Supporting and promoting agroforestry with uses of native tree species associated with subsistence and market crops is an alternative for slowing deforestation and promoting sedentary land use.  相似文献   

Effects of high drying temperatures and restraint on twist of larch (Larix)     

《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):55-65

Abstract

During drying, timber changes its shape, mainly as a result of specific properties such as shrinkage anisotropy, radial differences in longitudinal shrinkage and spiral grain. The distortion, causing severe downgrading, can be reduced by restraining the timber and by using special drying schemes. The research described here is related to a project on the improvement of shape stability of Norway spruce. In the present part, different larch species from three stands were dried at high temperatures (80, 120 and 170°C). The effects of restraint during presteaming, drying and steaming on short-term twist reduction were investigated. The permanency of drying distortions was investigated in subsequent moisture cycling. Results showed a clear dependency of twist on the distance to pith. Restrained specimens sawn close to pith experienced reduced twist. This twist reduction was permanent during subsequent moisture variations. Drying temperature did not significantly influence twist and twist amplitude in moisture cycling.  相似文献   

Withdrawal capacity of washers in bolted timber connections     

《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3-4):131-139

Abstract

The European yield model (EYM) has been accepted to determine the load-carrying capacity of structural timber connections. However, experiments of bolted connections are still not in agreement with the EYM unless the additional bearing capacity offered by the washers is taken into account. This bearing capacity is depending on the compressive strength perpendicular to grain of the structural timber. Tests results carried out with M16 and M24 washers on solid and glued laminated timber are used to verify the reliability of three strength capacity predicting models, one of which is an analytical model while the other two are empirical. It was concluded that the analytical model is the superior one. This model should be incorporated in all new structural timber design code revisions.  相似文献   

Grading and mechanical characterization of small-diameter round chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) timber from thinning operations     

《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):81-87

ABSTRACT

In forestry, thinning operations result in the extraction of young trees with small dimensions. The evaluation of the potential end use of these small-diameter logs (currently mainly used as poles or fence posts) for added-value products such as structural timber is of considerable economic and industrial interests. In the present work, 216 pieces of small-diameter logs of chestnut timber obtained from thinning operations were evaluated in order to determine their mechanical properties and assess various visual or non-destructive grading systems. The two visual standards evaluated (EN 1927 and DIN 4074) were ineffective in grading according to mechanical properties. On the other hand, a grading system based on a non-destructive measurement (acoustic wave velocity) resulted in better classification by structural quality. The characteristic values of the small-diameter round chestnut timber, determined according to the standards EN 384 and EN 338, achieved similar values as standard rectangular sawn timber with respect to modulus of elasticity and density, and higher values for bending strength.  相似文献   

毛竹资源及其综合利用途径     

郑友苗 《安徽农业科学》2013,(31):12348-12349

介绍了中国现有毛竹资源现状及其分布情况。在目前毛竹林资源利用的基础上,提出了毛竹竹笋、竹材及竹材深加工、竹叶提取物为重要方向的综合利用途径,并展望了我国毛竹资源综合利用的前景,以期提高我国中西部产竹区的经济效益。  相似文献   

混合组坯对杨木单板层积材弹性常数及力学性能的影响     

李文玲  徐伟  周晓燕  张占宽  王雪花 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(5):132-137

单板层积材具有结构均匀、强度高等优点,材料、结构、制造工艺等差异对其性能影响显著。以13层22 mm厚全顺纹、2层及3层横纹其余顺纹混合组坯的杨木单板层积材为对象,通过电测法、三点弯曲及拉伸实验,对其主要弹性常数及力学性能参数进行测试,得出以下结论:1)随着横纹层数的增加,顺纹方向的弹性模量下降,横纹方向的弹性模量增加,层积方向的弹性模量先减小后增加,单板层积材的各向异性降低;2)随着横纹层数的增加,静曲强度减小,变异性逐渐增大,进行结构设计时需更多考虑材料的性能稳定性;3)组坯方式对LVL抗拉强度的影响不大,适当增加横纹层板可提高抗拉强度;4)组坯方式对泊松比的影响较大,随着横纹层数的增加,泊松比总体降低,采用纵横混合式组坯可能有利于抵抗由拉、压载荷所造成的材料变形。  相似文献   

竹-短木组合梁受弯性能试验研究     

郎健珂  陈强  王解军 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(7):123-129

为解决木材利用率低、成本高的问题,提出了一种以零碎短木粘结竹集成而成的竹-短木组合梁。通过3根木梁、3根直拼的竹-短木组合梁(SBT)和3根搭接的竹-实木组合梁(OBT)的三分点加载受弯对比试验,研究了其破坏形态、极限承载力和位移延性等。结果表明:竹-短木组合梁破坏类型为脆性破坏;竹-短木组合梁跨中截面沿高度应变仍基本符合平截面假定;OBT试件受弯承载力平均提高1.6%,力学性能媲美木梁;最后提出了受弯承载力计算简式,与试验结果较为吻合。竹-短木组合梁替代木梁,在小跨度木结构工程中具有应用价值。  相似文献   

Optimal forest rotation periods: integrating timber production and carbon sequestration benefits in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations on the Loess Plateau,P.R. China     

Zhiwen Gong  Kevin L O’Hara  Weizhong Li 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(6):591-613

Determining the optimal rotation period was a crucial component of forest sustainable management strategies, especially under climate change. This paper had two objectives: (1) to determine the economic benefits and optimal rotation periods for timber production when coupled to carbon sequestration, as predicted by time series prediction models for Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in China; and (2) to evaluate how different carbon prices and interest rates affected optimal rotation periods using the forest land expectation value. The results suggested that time series prediction models were valuable for estimating timber volumes and carbon sequestrations based on surveys of different-aged stands. Importantly, since integrating carbon sequestrations into timber production benefits did not increase optimal rotation periods, this should promote P. tabulaeformis plantation management. In the sensitivity analysis, a higher carbon price increased the profitability of carbon sequestration and timber production, but not optimal rotation periods, though they were reduced under higher interest rates. In conclusion, incorporating both timber production and carbon sequestration benefits would sharply increase forest-based revenues, while realizing the carbon sequestration potential of P. tabulaeformis plantations. This approach was clearly useful to the development of reforestation/afforestation projects trying to mitigate climate change and also provided a theoretical basis for sustainable forest management.  相似文献