The application of tannic acid to the elimination of egg stickiness at varied moments of the egg swelling process in pikeperch,Sander lucioperca (L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Żarski  Sławomir Krejszeff  Dariusz Kucharczyk  Katarzyna Palińska‐Żarska  Katarzyna Targońska  Krzysztof Kupren  Pascal Fontaine  Patrick Kestemont 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(2):324-334

The aim of this article was to analyse the process of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, egg swelling and to apply tannic acid to eliminate egg stickiness at different moments of the swelling process on artificially obtained eggs. The first experiment involved observation of egg swelling process and the second determined the effect of temperature (12, 14 and 16°C) on the egg swelling rate. The third experiment involved elimination of egg stickiness in a tannin solution (0.75 g L^?1) where eggs were submerged in a solution for 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 min – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min following gamete activation. The results indicate that the pikeperch egg swelling process lasts 30 min. It was found that the temperature did not affect the process duration. The results of the third experiment showed that the effectiveness of tannic acid application in egg stickiness elimination increases with time. The best result was obtained in groups of eggs submerged for 1 and 2 min (86.5% and 80.5% of larvae were obtained respectively) 30 min following the gamete activation. The results presented in this study for the first time indicate the possibility of highly effective procedure of egg stickiness elimination with tannic acid in pikeperch aquaculture.  相似文献   

张家口市河流筑坝与硬化的生态系统健康影响研究     

鲍林林  李叙勇  智仕杰  曹宸 《水生态学杂志》2021,(1)

研究筑坝与硬化对河流生态系统健康的影响,为人工改造河流的生态修复和管理优化提供科学依据。以张家口市清水河—洋河干流5个不同程度筑坝与硬化的河段为研究对象,构建了包括河道结构、河床底质、水文特征、水质参数和水生生物5类指标的河流生态系统健康指数(RHI),评估了筑坝与硬化对河流健康的影响。结果表明,河道轻微疏浚或具拦砂坝河段的生态系统健康等级为好(RHI 30~40),具溢流堰河岸硬化河段为中等健康(RHI 20~30),筑坝和河床河岸全硬化的河段生态系统健康等级为差(RHI 10~20)。筑坝与硬化改变河流物理结构,进而影响河床底质组分和水文特征,其与RHI的变化显著相关(P<0.05),是损害河流生态系统健康的主要原因;此外,总磷、有机质污染及较低的水生生物多样性对河流的健康均有不利影响,仅在夏季植物大量生长和污染物质被稀释时,RHI有所提高。为了改善河流生态系统的健康状况,需要恢复自然的河岸和缓冲带,改善河流水动力,并加强外源污染控制。  相似文献   

Disinfection of non‐hardened Coregonus lavaretus eggs with iodophor solution: effect on embryo and larvae viability and on egg hardening          下载免费PDF全文

Franz Lahnsteiner  Manfred Kletzl 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3694-3696

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Photoperiodic Regulationof Apical Growth Cessation in Northern Tree Species     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):77-112

Summary

Tree species adapted to the climatic conditions of the northern boreal and subarctic vegetation zones have a capacity to develop a very high level of frost hardiness, even to survive the temperature of liquid nitrogen in midwinter. Proper timing of hardening, as well as of dehardening, is crucial for winter survival of these species. In northern tree species, cessation of apical elongation growth and bud set is a prerequisite for developmental and metabolic processes leading to hardening, and this chain of events is induced by photoperiod. The northern tree species are closely adapted to the local light climate and display photoperiodic ecotypes. The critical photoperiod is under genetic control and increases with increasing latitude of origin of the eco-type. The photoperiod is probably perceived by the phytochrome system, but the role of other pigment systems, like cryptochrome, has not been studied in woody plants. Phytochrome genes have been cloned from both conifers and deciduous species, but so far we do not have any information about possible differences between photoperiodic ecotypes at the phytochrome level. Northern and southern ecotypes have different responses to red:far red ratios, which could indicate differences in composition of their phytochrome systems, for example, the proportions of phytochrome A and B. Both phytochrome A and phytochrome B can be involved in photoperiodic responses. Experiments with transgenic hybrid aspen suggest that responses to photoperiod could be affected by the amount of phytochrome A present in plants. In deciduous species, the plant hormone gibberellin A₁ (GA1) can completely substitute for a long photoperiod, and short day induced cessation of growth is preceded by a significant reduction of GA1 levels, particularly in the elongation zone. Photoperiodic control of GA metabolism is supported by several studies, but very little is known about the interaction between phytochrome and GA metabolism and/or responsiveness to GA1. Although our knowledge is still very fragmentary, available results suggest that cessation of growth and initiation of hardening in trees can be controlled both through the phytochrome and the GA mediated systems. Research with tree species is a tedious and slow process, but with the emerging new methods and approaches, we may expect exciting new results in the near future.  相似文献   

Frost hardiness, bud phenology and growth of containerized Picea mariana seedlings grown at three nitrogen levels and three temperature regimes     

F. J. Bigras  A. Gonzalez  A. L. D'Aoust  C. Hébert 《New Forests》1996,12(3):243-259

We studied the influence of temperature and near- and sub- optimal mineral nutrition of black spruce seedlings (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) during their second growing period on bud set, bud development, growth, mineral content and cold tolerance. Bud break and growth after bud break were also studied. Seedlings were grown for 106 d in growth chambers under three temperature regimes in combination with three concentrations of a fertilizer. They were then cold hardened for 56 d and dehardened for 66 d.Under these near- and sub-optimal N levels, bud formation occurred during the growing season. Bud formation was accelerated with decreasing fertilization, but was not affected by temperature treatments. Needles from seedlings with 0.64% N (dry mass basis) before hardening did not harden. Those with 0.87% N showed a lesser degree of hardiness than those with 1.28% N. Stem diameter increased at the beginning of the hardening period. During this acclimation period, shoot dry mass decreased with time at a constant rate and at the same rate over time for all treatments whereas root dry mass was more variable. Total number of needle primordia was low and no difference was observed among growing conditions. Bud break was similar in all treatments. Following bud break, shoot height and stem diameter increases were small but their magnitude varied with the nutritional regimes applied during the previous growing period. During hardening, nitrogen concentration of shoot tissues first increased and then decreased; phosphorus concentration first increased and then remained stable; potassium concentration remained stable. Concentration of these three elements generally decreased in the roots during this hardening.  相似文献   

Strain Hardening Properties and Extensibility of Flour and Gluten Doughs in Relation to Breadmaking Performance     

J.J. Kokelaar  T. van Vliet  A. Prins 《Journal of Cereal Science》1996,24(3):199-214

The mechanical properties of flour–water doughs and hydrated gluten of different wheat cultivars were determined. Measurements were performed at small deformations (dynamic measurements) as well as at large deformations (biaxial extension measurements). Results of dynamic measurements of flour doughs related poorly to breadmaking quality. For hydrated gluten doughs, all having the same water content, it was found that glutens from wheat cultivars with good baking quality had higher values for the storage modulus,G, and lower values for the loss tangent. The relevant type of deformation around an expanding gas bubble is biaxial extension. Wheats with a good baking performance exhibited greater strain hardening and greater extensibility. The differences in strain hardening observed at 20 °C were also present at 55 °C. No clear effects of NaCl or emulsifiers on the biaxial extension properties of flour dough were found. Extensograms as well as Alveograms from the flour doughs showed that, in general, good baking flours exhibited stronger resistance to extension and a greater extensibility, but differences found were not directly related to the results of the baking tests. The results indicate that the baking performance of dough is related to a combination of at least three different rheological characteristics.  相似文献   

Cold tolerance in beans (Phaseolus spp.) as analyzed by their exotherms     

R. Holubowicz  M. H. Dickson 《Euphytica》1989,41(1-2):31-37

Summary Cold tolerance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), runner bean (P. coccineus L.) and several bean lines was evaluated under artificial conditions. Seedlings were exposed to –6°C gradually, then to –12°C rapidly in the growth chamber with copper-constantan thermocouples attached to various parts of the plant. Seedling freezing curves with exotherms were then analyzed. Three basic parameters were measured: time required for exotherm to appear, temperature of the appearance of the exotherm and temperature rise caused by the exotherm. Exotherm appearance in beans was related to freezing injury and death of the seedlings. Exotherms of the common bean variety Bush Blue Lake 92 seedling recorded at the stem, primary leaf base, tip and petiole and true leaf appeared at the same time, however their shape was different. Exotherms of stem appeared at higher temperature than those of primary leaves. Their shapes always followed the same pattern. Beans with cold tolerance were found to produce exotherms later than susceptible ones. Exposing 3 weeks old bean seedlings to 12°C delayed the time of exotherm appearance in the cold susceptible cultivar Bush Blue Lake 92. Some plants survived 2 hours exposure to –6°C in the growth chamber.  相似文献   

银杏种子贮期硬化与贮前漂白处理的相关性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯彤  庞杰  于新 《江西农业大学学报》2004,26(6):901-904

以海洋皇马铃型银杏种子(Gingko biloba L．)为研究对象．研究了漂白粉液漂洗法、SO2熏蒸法、石灰水浸泡法、阳光曝晒法、热风干燥法等漂白方法对银杏种子贮藏期间硬化的影响;对贮藏期间呼吸强度、细胞膜透性、α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性等指标进行了测定．对漂白处理的抑制机理进行了探讨。结果表明：SO2熏蒸法是银杏种子较为合适的贮前漂白处理方法,该法对呼吸强度、细胞膜透性、α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性等有较强的抑制作用。  相似文献   

干旱锻炼对小麦种子萌发期贮藏物水解的影响     

徐恒平  袁秀林 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(4):94-97

种子干旱锻炼是提能物抗旱性和旱农生产的生理措施之一。自1934年金杰里等报道了有关实验以来,许多学者对这一课题进行了研究结果表明:播前干湿处理使种子萌发提前;经干旱锻炼的小麦种子在土壤干旱条件下,仍能保持较高的萌发能力;锻炼的小麦种子淀粉酶活性高于对照,可溶糖与可溶氮含量增加。但是,这些测定都局限于种子发芽之前,对于萌发期种子贮藏物水解的动态则研究很少。而且,有人认为,若计入播前吸胀时间,则锻炼的种子发芽时间与对照相比较并无变化。上述有关代  相似文献   

CrWMn钢激光相变硬化层的耐磨性     

徐洪烟  袁国定  周建忠 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,33(1):129-132

针对模具的主要失效形式——磨损失效,提出提高模具使用寿命的激光相变硬化技术.研究了CrWMn钢激光相变硬化层的组织、耐磨性及磨损机理.结果表明:激光相变硬化层的耐磨性较常规淬、回火处理的有明显提高;常规淬、回火+激光相变硬化层的硬化效果最佳,耐磨性最好.  相似文献