多尺度EGLSN的构建及耕地地力模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张迁迁  毕如田  张吴平  梁艳 《中国生态农业学报》2015,23(3):345-353

准确获得区域耕地地力是配方施肥的基础。本文依据景观生态学"过程、尺度与等级"原理,通过探索山西省耕地地力影响因素的等级与作用过程的控制范围,提出生态气候、地貌景观、利用措施、土壤条件、养分管理5个从大到小的不同尺度,构建了多尺度EGLSN(eco-climate,geomorphologic landscape,land usemeasure,soil condition,nutrient management)耕地地力模拟模型。根据山西省117个县(市、区)的土壤调查GPS采样点数据进行统计获得模型相关参数,应用多尺度EGLSN模型针对山西省北部的忻府区、中部的榆次区和南部的襄汾县3个典型区域,选择了积温、地形、地貌、平整措施等指标计算作物产量,进行耕地地力模拟。模拟结果误差检验表明,榆次区地貌景观尺度、利用措施尺度、土壤条件尺度、养分管理尺度模拟单产与土壤调查GPS点数据单产的标准根均方误差(NRMSE)依次为32%、27%、15%、4%,襄汾县4个尺度单产的NRMSE依次为35%、28%、13%、7%,忻府区4个尺度单产的NRMSE分别是31%、26%、14%、3%。忻府区、榆次区和襄汾县3个典型区域总产量相对生态气候尺度基准偏差的检验结果中,地貌景观尺度模拟精度分别为83%、80%和82%,利用措施尺度模拟精度为93%、90%和91%,土壤条件模拟精度分别是95%、95%和91%,养分管理尺度模拟精度依次达到96%、95%和93%。这一模拟方法适用于多尺度耕地地力模拟研究,可为大尺度耕地地力模拟及配方施肥提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Does the matrix matter? A forest primate in a complex agricultural landscape   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Julie Anderson  J. Marcus Rowcliffe 《Biological conservation》2007,135(2):212-222

Many threatened primates now exist in fragmented forest habitats. The survival of these populations may depend on their ability to utilise agricultural or other matrix habitats between forest fragments, but this is poorly known. Here, we systematically investigate an arboreal primate’s use of a heterogeneous matrix in a fragmented forest landscape: the Angola black-and-white colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus) in southern Kenya. We used a novel technique, based on semi-structured interviews with local informants, to address the difficulty of sampling relatively rare but important events, such as dispersal between fragments. We found that colobus frequently travelled and foraged in indigenous matrix vegetation (such as mangrove, wooded shrubland and shrubland) up to 4 km from the nearest forest fragments. Agricultural habitats, such as perennial plantation (coconut, mango and cashew nut) were also used by colobus for travelling and foraging (in remnant indigenous trees). The probability of sighting colobus in the matrix increased with the proportion of both tall (>6 m) vegetation cover and food tree cover, but declined with distance from forest habitat. Our findings suggest that certain matrix habitats are important for C. a. palliatus, and that future primate conservation initiatives might benefit from adopting a ‘landscape-level’ approach to habitat management, particularly in fragmented forest systems.  相似文献   

Phylogeny and nodulation signal molecule of rhizobial populations able to nodulate common beans—other than the predominant species Rhizobium etli—present in soils from the northwest of Argentina     

O. Mario Aguilar  M. Verónica López  Belén Morón  Clemente Mateos  Carolina Sousa 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(3):573-586

We examined the bean rhizobia community other than the predominant species Rhizobium etli present in soils of a region that is part of the range occupied by the host in Northwest Argentina, which showed Rep and 16S rDNA RFLP polymorphism. Two populations represented by isolates T29N3L and T44N22P were found to be distinct chromosomal genotypes and closely related to species Rhizobium tropici and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Their symbiotic genes were analyzed and found to cluster with those from R. tropici as well as with rhizobia isolated from leguminous trees. Three nodulation metabolites produced by T44N22P were detected which are tetra- and pentameric chitocompounds, N-methylated, O-carbamoylated, and N-substituted either by a C_18:0 or C_18:1 acyl chain at their non-reducing end, and all them sulphated at the reducing end. Isolates T29N3L and T44N22P exhibited broad host range but unlike T29N3L, only T44N22P was able to efficiently nodulate Medicago truncatula.  相似文献   

嘉陵江与乌江重要渔业功能区水生态环境质量研究          下载免费PDF全文

李其林  黄昀  刘光德  曾祥燕  骆东奇 《中国生态农业学报》2003,11(3):169-171

研究结果表明,嘉陵江与乌江重要渔业功能区渔业水生态环境质量综合评价均为轻污染,部分采样点重金属和有机物均有超标现象,单项污染指数表明水质主要污染物为总P和石油类,总P超标严重,水质pH值、总P、挥发酚、石油类、Cr~(6 )、非离子氨具有相关性。并提出改善该渔业功能区水生态环境质量的对策。  相似文献   

A mycorrhizal pathogen (Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul.) of tobacco: effects of long- and short-term cropping on the mycorrhizal fungal community and stunt disease     

B. Z. Guo  Z. Q. An  J. W. Hendrix 《Applied soil ecology》1994,1(4)

A crop rotation experiment was conducted on two adjacent tracts of land differing in long-term croppin history (30 year in tall fescue pasture or 3 year in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSGH).. Short-term crops were 2 years in tobacco or low-endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams) tall fescue. Tobacco was grown on all plots in Year 3, and data relating mycorrhizal stunt disease of tobacco and populations of the stunt pathogen, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul., and of other members of the mycorrhizal fungal community, were taken. Disease incidence was highest with SSGH-tobacco and lowest with fescue-fescue, the other two combinations being intermediate. Mycorrhizal colonization was related to disease occurence. At the beginning of the season, populations of G. macrocarpum were equally high in land with a long-term history of SSGH, regardless of its short-term history; but at the end of the season, populations of G. macrocarpum among the four treatments were proportional to the incidence of disease. Populations of four mycorrhizal fungal species which were high in land with a short-term history of fescue were depressed by production of tobacco. Monocropping of tobacco appeared to narrow the diversity of the mycorrhizal fungal community and increased the proportion which is pathogenic, the overall result being lower productivity of soil for tobacco. Crop rotation of tobacco with fescue decreased the proportion of the mycorrhizal fungal community which is pathogenic and maintained productivity of soil for tobacco.  相似文献   

重庆岩溶地区不同土壤类型的土地利用多样性分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王子芳  屈双容  李阳兵  高明  杨剑虹  谢德体  魏朝富 《水土保持学报》2006,20(2):153-156,196

以重庆岩溶地区为例，探讨岩溶地区土壤类型的多样性与不同土壤类型上土地利用方式的多样性。结果表明重庆市岩溶区黄壤、石灰土和黄棕壤是本区主要土壤类型，土壤景观的多样化和空间异质化程度不高，但各类景观分布比例不均匀，土壤景观嵌块体呈现出复杂的几何形状。除了山地草甸土以林地和草地、棕壤以林地为主要景观外，另外的9种土壤类型上都是以耕地和林地为主要的景观，农、林用地在景观空间格局的结构和功能中起主导作用。由于各类土壤性质和分布特点的不同，耕地和林地在各类土壤上的分配比例存在着明显的差异，以及人类活动使得耕地的嵌块体数急剧增多和居民工矿用地、林地、未利用地的嵌块体数目增加。  相似文献   

基于土地利用变化的祁连山地区生境质量时空演变分析   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

薛晓玉  王晓云  段含明  杨露  颉耀文 《水土保持通报》2020,40(2):278-284

[目的]对祁连山地区的生境质量和生境退化状况开展研究,揭示人类活动对该地区生态环境的影响程度,为该地区的生态环境保护和发展提供科学参考。[方法]基于1970s末以来全国1∶10万土地利用数据,分析1970s末至2015年近35 a来祁连山地区的土地利用和景观格局变化特征,并采用InVEST模型评估该地区生境质量变化。[结果]①草地和未利用土地是该区最主要的土地利用类型,其次是林地、耕地、水域、城乡工矿居民用地;其中草地和城乡工矿居民用地的变化较剧烈,前者先减后增,后者持续增加。②在时间变化上,随着土地利用类型的变化,该区的生境质量由恶化的态势逐渐趋于改善,2015年生境质量最好。③在空间分布上,该区的生境质量和生境退化度均表现为东高西低。[结论]优越的自然条件使其生境质量较高;人类活动强度较高则是生境退化度较高的原因。  相似文献   

小流域生态安全景观指标的提取方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田静毅王立新  王继彬 《水土保持研究》2007,14(5):38-40

景观指标是生态安全指标的重要组成部分,以小流域为单元的生态安全景观指标体系的构建以及指标提取方法是区域生态安全评价的基础。基于GIS、景观结构分析软件fragstats,制作了小流域土地覆盖景观图。基于数字地形技术实现了小流域的划分,提取了秦皇岛市84个小流域的生态安全景观指标。对小流域土地覆盖景观制图、小流域生态安全评价景观指标体系的构建和提取方法进行了探索。  相似文献   

农林复合生态系统的生态学原理及生态经济功能研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张明如  翟明普  尹昌君  王学勇 《中国水土保持科学》2003,1(4):66-71

 农林复合生态系统是一种人工自然复合生态经济系统,对植被恢复和持续发挥土地生产力,具有极为重要的生态经济价值。在综述前人研究的基础上,论述农林复合生态系统生态学原理及生态经济功能的一系列问题:解析农林复合生态系统的定义和基本特征;归纳农林复合生态系统构建的生态学原理和生态经济功能,其中着重说明农林复合生态系统结构组分选择的原则、依据和结构优化的标志,在生态过渡区构建农林复合生态系统,可发挥双向生态缓冲功能。认为:今后农林复合生态系统的研究,应以受干扰较轻的自然生态系统为参照模式,研究农林复合生态系统组分间的生态关系,生物组分生态和谐机制,小尺度的空间异质性对局部生境植被恢复与构建的生态效应,并加强农林复合生态系统的生态定位研究。  相似文献   

Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley     

Oriane W. Taft  Susan M. Haig 《Biological conservation》2006,128(3):298-307

While it is widely understood that local abundance of benthic invertebrates can greatly influence the distribution and abundance of wetland birds, no studies have examined if wetland landscape context can mediate this relationship. We studied the influence of wetland food abundance and landscape context on use of agricultural wetlands by wintering dunlin (Calidris alpina) and killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA, over two winters (1999-2000, 2000-2001) of differing rainfall and subsequent habitat distribution. We monitored bird use (frequency of occurrence and abundance) at a sample of wetlands differing in local food abundance (density and biomass) and landscape context [adjacent shorebird habitat (defined as ha of wet habitat with less than 50% vegetative cover and within a 2-km radius) and nearest neighbor distance]. We evaluated predictive models for bird use using linear regression and the Cp criterion to select the most parsimonious model. During the dry winter (2000-2001), dunlin exhibited greater use of sites with higher invertebrate density and biomass but also with more adjacent shorebird habitat and closest to a wetland neighbor. However, neither landscape context nor food abundance were important predictors of dunlin use during the wet winter (1999-2000). Use of sites by killdeer was unrelated to either local food abundance or landscape context measures during both winters. Our findings contribute to a growing recognition of the importance of landscape structure to wetland birds and highlight a number of implications for the spatial planning and enhancement of wetlands using a landscape approach.  相似文献