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71.
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目的利用微核试验了解松木刨花和枫木刨花的遗传毒性。方法80只NIH种小白鼠随机分为8组,每组10只。其中3组分别以100、50、12.5g/kg剂量的松木刨花水提取物染毒,另3组分别以100、50、12.5g/kg剂量的枫木刨花水提取物染毒,1组(阳性对照组)以环磷酰胺50mg/kg染毒,1组((阴性对照组)以生理盐水染毒。染毒方法均是先经口染毒,24h后以同样剂量再次灌胃。6h后颈椎脱臼处死动物,制片,观察并计数嗜多染红细胞的微核率。结果以松木刨花及枫木刨花水提取物染毒的各组小白鼠的微核率与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),与阴性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论松木刨花和枫木刨花的水提取物对小鼠的骨髓细胞未见有何致突变性。 相似文献
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为了研究自然条件下昆虫取食及剪叶刺激对油松诱导抗性的影响,本试验应用香草醛—盐酸法,亚硝酸钠—硝酸铝比色法以及紫外分光光度法,分析了剪叶和不同程度油松毛虫取食处理后,混交林和纯林中油松针叶内部分次生代谢物和蛋白酶抑制剂活性的动态变化。结果表明:剪叶及不同程度油松毛虫取食能够诱导缩合单宁、黄酮含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂活性增加。与对照相比,胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂在混交林中的活性比纯林更为明显。说明剪叶及昆虫取食可诱导增加油松针叶内的缩合单宁和黄酮含量、提高胰蛋白酶抑制剂和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂的活性,进而增强油松的抗虫性,林分类型可在一定程度上影响油松诱导防御物质的变化。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3):83-93
Abstract Mineralization is the dominant process controlling soil-solution P in the Spodosols of the southeastern United States. Pine trees growing in these soils are typically colonized by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi that are known to produce phosphatases. Little, however, is known of the dynamics of EM short roots or phosphatase activity in tree plantations. To address this question, short root densities, EM morphotypes, and associated surface acid phosphomonoesterase in a 12-year-old Pinus elliottii plantation in northern Florida were evaluated. The density of total (living and dead) short roots changed little from February through June, with a mean of 7.6 cm3 soil. The majority of the short roots, however, were inactive or dead with only 14 to 38% appearing viable upon visual inspection. The majority of the viable short roots were mycorrhizal. The most abundant morphotypes were formed by Cenococcum and Thelephora but these had low phosphatase activity. In contrast, less frequently observed morphotypes had substantially higher rates of enzyme production and these may play an important role in sustainable P nutrition of plantation trees. 相似文献
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樟子松松针锈病病原菌——鞘锈菌(Coleosporium)的分类历来很乱。传统的分类方法都是依冬孢子形态和冬孢子寄主来进行的。但近年的研究表明1种鞘锈菌的春孢子可以侵染2种或2种以上的冬孢子寄主,所以按冬孢子寄主来划分鞘锈菌的种是不合理的。文中在病害症状观察和春孢子表面形态观察的基础上,首次对樟子松3种不同形态的春孢子的酯酶同工酶进行了分析,从而为鞘锈菌的分子分类学研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
77.
Frauke Ecke Pernilla Christensen Per Sandström Birger Hörnfeldt 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(4):485-497
Several studies indicate a long-term decline in numbers of different species of voles in northern Fennoscandia. In boreal Sweden, the long-term decline is most pronounced in the grey-sided vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus). Altered forest landscape structure has been suggested as a possible cause of the decline. However, habitat responses of grey-sided voles at the landscape scale have never been studied. We analyzed such responses of this species in lowland forests in Västerbotten, northern Sweden. Cumulated spring densities representing 22 local time series from 1980–1999 were obtained by a landscape sampling design and were related to the surrounding landscape structure of 2.5×2.5 km plots centred on each of the 22 1-ha trapping plots. In accordance with general knowledge on local habitat preferences of grey-sided voles, our study supported the importance of habitat variables such as boulder fields and old-growth pine forest at the landscape scale. Densities were negatively related to clear cuts. Habitat associations were primarily those of landscape structure related to habitat fragmentation, distance between habitat patches and patch interspersion rather than habitat patch type quantity. Local densities of the grey-sided vole were positively and exponentially correlated with spatial contiguity (measured with the fragmentation index) of old-growth pine forest, indicating critical forest fragmentation thresholds. Our results indicate that altered land use might be involved in the long-term decline of the grey-sided vole in managed forest areas of Fennoscandia. We propose two further approaches to reveal and test responses of this species to changes in landscape structure. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):363-375
Abstract The study of plant diversity and its role in ecosystem functioning is becoming a central issue in ecology. The relationships between carbon storage and tree diversity of natural forest at small scale are still unclear. This research investigated these relationships in an old‐growth forest at Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. It was found that at small scale, tree carbon storage generally increases with increasing tree species richness, but for stands with same species richness, tree carbon storage varies dramatically. At the small scale, tree species evenness has a significantly linear relationship with nature logarithm of total tree carbon storage. The stand carbon storage of trees is mainly controlled by stand tree composition. Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Acer mono contribute more than 85% of stand carbon storage of trees. Stands with similar tree composition at small scale have different soil organic carbon storage and nutrient contents. Tree species evenness has great impact on soil N content at the soil horizon less than 30 cm deep, but its impacts on C/N, P, K, and S contents are small. Tree density has a negative linear relationship with soil organic C and C∶N ratio at the soil horizon is less than 30 cm deep. The implication of our findings here for carbon sequestration in the Kyoto Protocol is also discussed. 相似文献