栉孔扇贝大规模死亡致病病原的研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

王崇明 《水产学报》2004,28(5):547-553

对2000-2002年山东沿海6个疫区患病栉孔扇贝进行电镜观察，在消化腺、外套膜、肾和肠的结缔组织细胞和间质细胞中发现一种球形病毒．并引起相直的病理学变化。该病毒具囊膜，直径为130～170nm，核衣壳直径为90～140nm。病毒分离纯化后．观察到的病毒囊膜表面覆有长20nm的纤突。病毒在细胞质中的囊泡样结构内完成装配，其内未发现包涵体存在。从发病疫区栉孔扇贝组织中分离出病毒毒种对键康扇贝进行人工感染。结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝表现出与自然海区发病扇贝相同的临床症状。病毒注射组死r二率为?5％，病毒浸浴组死亡率为68．7％．灭活病毒注射组和空白对照组死亡率皆为12．5％。病毒注射、浸浴组与灭活病毒注射组、空白对照组死亡率差异显著。电镜复检结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝组织中分布有大量病毒粒子，与自然海区发病扇贝组织所观察到的病毒粒子在形态特征和病理学特征上完全一致。以上结果证明，病毒是导致栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的直接病原。  相似文献   

Conversion of a tropical forest into agroforest alters the fine root-related carbon flux to the soil     

Dietrich Hertel  Marieke A. Harteveld  Christoph Leuschner 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(3):481-490

Large areas of remaining tropical forests are affected by anthropogenic disturbances of various intensities. These disturbances alter the structure of the forest ecosystem and consequently its carbon budget. We analysed the role of fine root dynamics in the soil carbon budget of tropical moist forests in South-east Asia along a gradient of increasing disturbance intensity. Fine root production, fine root turnover, and the associated carbon fluxes from the fine root system to the soil were estimated with three different approaches in five stands ranging from an old growth forest with negligible anthropogenic disturbance to a cacao agroforestry system with planted shade trees. Annual fine root production and mortality in three natural forest sites with increasing canopy openness decreased continuously with increasing forest disturbance, with a reduction of more than 45% between the undisturbed forest and the forest with large timber extraction. Cacao agroforestry stands had higher fine root production and mortality rates than forest with large timber extraction but less than undisturbed forest. The amount of carbon annually transferred to the soil carbon pool through fine root mortality was highest in the undisturbed forest and generally decreased with increasing forest use intensity. However, root-related C flux was also relatively high in the plantation with planted shading trees. In contrast, the relative importance of C transfer from root death in the total above- and below-ground C input to the soil increased with increasing forest use intensity and was even similar to the C input via leaf litter fall in the more intensively managed agroforest. We conclude that moderate to heavy disturbance in South-east Asian tropical moist forests has a profound impact on fine root turnover and the related carbon transfer to the soil.  相似文献   

黑缘红瓢虫成虫的耐饥力研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄保宏  高正良 《安徽农业大学学报》2003,30(1):53-56

在完全不提供食物的条件下黑缘红瓢虫成虫的耐饥力进行测定,试验结果表明：其阶段死亡率（M）与存活时间（T）之间可以用正态分布曲线拟合。而成虫的LT50取曲线中参数μ的值。同时LT50与成虫发育时间（t)之间也有线性相关关系：LT50=3.1385 1.9324t,即随着成虫发育,其饥饿耐受能力逐渐增强。  相似文献   

玉米螟不同虫态发生期、发生量对第1,2代玉米螟发生程度的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨长城  丛斌  宋亚坤  刘善斌  陶福深 《沈阳农业大学学报》2000,31(5):435-438

通过对第１,２代玉米螟各虫态发生期、发生量和为害率的连续调查结果分析表明：玉米螟各代的虫量基数只是影响当代发生程度的因素之一,并不能决定发生程度。玉米螟的发生程度与当代发生数量呈正相关,与田间落卵量关系更为密切,与发生时期关系不大。发生数理与发生历期呈正相关,第１,２代玉米螟的发生程度没有必然的联系,而表现为间断性和相对独立性。第２代玉米螟的田间产卵量是第１代玉米螟的３．７５～７．１倍,造成玉米被害率成倍增加。  相似文献   

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse     

LIU Wei-hong  LIN Mao-song  LI Hong-mei  SUN Min-jie 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(8)

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.  相似文献   

槟榔间作香草兰种植园土壤养分变化趋势研究     

庄辉发  王华  王辉 《热带农业科学》2012,32(5):22-25

对海南万宁、琼海、定安和屯昌4个主要槟榔间作香草兰种植区0～20 cm土层的60个土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,pH值呈酸化的趋势,低于临界值;有机质含量适中,呈上升的趋势;碱解N含量适中,呈下降的趋势;速效P和速效K含量呈下降的趋势,且低于临界值;交换性Ca含量呈上升趋势,但低于临界值;交换性Mg含量低于临界值,呈下降趋势;有效B含量高于临界值,呈上升趋势;有效Fe、有效Mn、有效Cu和有效Zn含量均高于临界值,呈下降趋势,其中有效Mn含量超标。  相似文献   

高海拔孵化鸡胚死亡曲线分析   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

张浩吴常信  强巴央宗马雪英  唐晓惠普布 《中国农业大学学报》2005,10(4):109-114

利用2阶段增长曲线模型拟合藏鸡和2种低地鸡及其杂交种蛋在2900m（西藏林芝）和3650m（西藏拉萨）海拔的孵化胚胎死亡曲线，分析海拔高度对不同鸡种胚胎死亡的影响。结果表明该模型适宜拟合鸡蛋高海拔孵化时的胚胎死亡规律，拟合度高。藏鸡是高原适应品种，在2个海拔环境中胚胎死亡率均较低。在2900m海拔孵化时，各品种胚胎第l死亡高峰出现在第2．30～4．05d，第2高峰期出现在第17．20～17．68d．品种间相差不大：但藏鸡的第1高峰期持续时间相时较长，为4．04～9．92d；低地鸡和杂种鸡为2．59～3．93d。海拔从2900m升高到3650m，胚胎死亡率增加33．48％～54．12％；同时藏鸡第2高峰期死亡比例增加7．70％～15．65％；低地鸡第2高峰持续期延长13．7l～15．44d；杂交鸡第1高峰期死亡比例增加了5．55％～7．34％，持续期延长0．15～0．66d。  相似文献   

不同品种·系统后备绵羊零死亡率模式的效益评价     

王德辉  王勇  付照武  李富祥 《安徽农业科学》2015,(24)

[目的]获取不同品种、系统后备绵羊在零死亡率模式下的效益评价,为养殖种羊的出售提供数据参考。[方法]选择平均初生重接近的母羔,春羔考力代43只(A)及罗姆尼24只(B对照)各1群与冬羔考力代37只(C)母羔1群,共104只。记录断奶重、月末体重、计算死亡率。到次年4月份,剔除死亡羔羊后分析7月至次年4月经济效益。[结果]A、B、C组死亡率分别为4.65%、12.5%、16.0%。罗姆尼B组与冬羔考力代C组在0.01水平上极显著差异。冬、春羔考力代与罗姆尼对照极显著差异。A组盛草期羔羊体重变异系数比B组高1.66个百分点,同时B组低于C组1.82个百分点。9月、12月、4月体重与前3个月在0.05水平上显著相关;到12月后至4月除与3月显著相关外,其他月份在0.01水平上极显著相关。6月龄出售种羊,春羔考力代平均理论利润高于罗姆尼93.21元/只,高冬羔考力代15.3元/只。12月的理论利润春羔高罗姆尼93.92元,高冬羔23.15元。在零死亡率情况下12月出售与9月出售相比,各组每只平均损失A组219.5元、B组240元、C组258元。[结论]初生重、断奶重、死亡率之间无相关性;在该地区春羔考力代绵羊具有更好的选育优势,9月(6月龄)为种羊最佳出售时机。  相似文献   

松仁粕中清蛋白的提取工艺及功能性质研究     

赵楠  阮俊青  包怡红 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,43(4)

以脱脂松仁粕为材料,清蛋白提取率为考察指标,蒸馏水为提取剂,设料(质量,g)液(体积,mL)比(1∶10、1∶15、1∶20、1∶25、1∶30)、提取温度(35、40、45、50、55℃)和提取时间(30、60、90、120、150 min)3个单因素试验,在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面法优化清蛋白的提取工艺,并对清蛋白的功能性质进行研究。结果表明:松仁粕中清蛋白的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25、提取时间92 min、提取温度53℃,松仁粕中清蛋白的提取率可达23.52%;松仁粕清蛋白的溶解度在pH值为3时最小,在碱性条件下具有较好的溶解性、起泡性与乳化性。  相似文献   

超声波对粘虫的处理效果     

马自军  常培荣  雍文梅 《现代农业科技》2012,(20):119+121

以常见害虫粘虫为试验材料,用不同剂量超声波处理成虫,观察处理后期粘虫发育阶段的死亡率和羽化率变化情况。结果表明:随着超声波剂量的增大,粘虫死亡率呈明显上升趋势,羽化率有明显下降趋势,超声波作用生物效应显著,当作用时间为140 s时,成虫死亡率急剧升高,高于50%,当作用时间超过180 s时,几乎没有羽化的粘虫。  相似文献