A comparative study on chemical characteristics of tropical soils from volcanic material under forest and agriculture     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):579-596

Abstract

An investigation was conducted to compare differences in chemical characteristics of Costa Rica soils under continuous cultivation and under forest vegetation. Inceptisols from young volcanic material under forest, sugar cane, coffee and pasture, respectively, were sampled in the San Carlos region of Costa Rica, and analysed for pH, organic matter, N, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Zn and Mn contents. Indications were obtained that continuous cropping for 1 to 22 years with sugar cane resulted in a decrease in Ca and Mg content and an increase in acid extractable Al concentrations, compared to amounts found in forest soils. In soils under coffee the only significant changes were a reduction in soil organic matter, N and Al contents. Exchangeable bases decreased slightly during the first two years, but in fields 15 years under coffee, the content of exchangeable bases was affected slightly, except for a relatively marked decrease in amounts of Mg. Conversion into pasture maintained soil fertility at a level comparable to that found in the forest soil ecosystem. It was concluded that differences in vegetational ecosystems caused soil chemical changes, but deforestation in the tropics did not necessarily result in rapid soil degradation processes. The magnitude of the data showed that the soil in the San Carlos region of Costa Rica had been cultivated for at least 10 to 20 years without producing evidence of excessive deterioration.  相似文献   

高磷土壤减量施磷对果蔗磷肥利用效率和土壤酶活性的影响     

吴启华  陈迪文  周文灵  敖俊华  黄莹  黄振瑞  李爽  孙东磊 《作物杂志》2021,37(3):91-63

生产中为了追求高收益,果蔗种植中磷肥过量投入现象普遍,造成肥料效率降低和土壤肥力失衡等问题。本研究在广东湛江高磷红壤区采取田间定位试验（初始有效磷含量为234.80mg/kg）,研究磷肥减量100%（P0）、50%（P1）、20%（P2）和当地常规施磷（CK,600kg P₂O₅/hm²）处理下,果蔗磷肥利用效率以及土壤酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,经过连续2年试验后,果蔗产量、糖分含量、株高和茎径等品质性状均表现为P2＞CK＞P1＞P0。P2处理磷肥利用率最高（32.09%）,P1处理最低（28.08%）;农学效率为P2＞P1＞CK;磷肥偏生产力为P1＞P2＞CK。随着施磷水平的降低,α-葡萄糖苷酶和与氧化还原相关的过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶等酶的活性提高,β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶以及磷酸酶等水解酶活性均呈现下降趋势;与氮转化相关的亮氨酸氨肽酶和脲酶活性均以P2处理最低,P0处理最高。此外,土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量显著相关（P＜0.05）。综合果蔗产量、品质、磷肥利用效率以及土壤酶活性及其对生长影响,较常规施磷减量20%（P2）是该地区果蔗的适宜用量。  相似文献   

入土切割对甘蔗切割过程影响的仿真试验   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

杨望  杨坚  刘增汉  梁兆新  莫建霖 《农业工程学报》2011,27(8):150-156

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动力学仿真软件及反求技术,建立甘蔗-切割器系统仿真模型,进行甘蔗材料参数反求,获得了适用于动力学仿真的甘蔗材料模型,且进行了物理试验验证;通过建立土壤-甘蔗-切割器系统的动力学仿真模型,进行动力学仿真试验,建立相关数学模型,研究了土壤的软、硬程度及切割状态对甘蔗最大切割力及切割破头的影响,结果表明,土壤的软硬程度对甘蔗的最大切割力影响小,对甘蔗轴向剪应力影响大;甘蔗两刀切断比一刀切断的最大切割力小,甘蔗入土切割比非入土切割的最大切割力大,但轴向剪应力小,甘蔗入土一刀切断的平均轴向剪应力比非入土一刀切断的小43.3%,甘蔗入土两刀切断的轴向剪应力比非入土两刀切断的小49%,入土切割是降低甘蔗切割破头的有效途径。  相似文献   

果蔗脱毒苗田间叶绿素荧光和群体冠层结构   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴凯朝  唐军  黄诚梅  苏俊波  李杨瑞  叶燕萍 《亚热带农业研究》2005,1(2):18-20

本试验使用果蔗Badila脱毒健康种苗和普通种苗进行大田生产性能试验,结果表明:使用果蔗脱毒健康种苗的花叶病发病率为0;果蔗脱毒健康种苗PSⅡ的原初光能转换效率、光合量子产额和光化学反应活性均小于普通苗,但差异不大;果蔗脱毒健康种苗在田间大伸长期群体冠层的平均叶倾角、透光系数、辐射透过系数、消光系数和田间叶面积分布状况均优于普通种苗,形成了一个较为合理的群体冠层结构。  相似文献   

2010—2011年广西合浦甘蔗品种区域试验简报     

唐宗明 《中国甜菜》2011,(4):28-30

为了探讨广西区已育成或引入的甘蔗新品种（系）在广西合浦县生态区域的适应性,2010—2011年间,在合浦县对10个参试材料和2个对照品种进行了新植试验研究。结果表明：桂糖04-2278平均蔗茎产量和含糖量最高,增产效果比CK1和CK2分别达到了显著和极显著水平。桂辐98-296的平均蔗茎产量和含糖量均高于两对照,比CK2增产极显著,但比CK1达不到显著水平。桂糖04-2724的平均蔗茎产量和含糖量均高于两对照,比CK2增产显著,但比CK1达不到显著水平。桂糖04-120的平均蔗茎产量高于两对照,但增产不显著,并且平均甘蔗蔗糖分低于两对照,在所有参试品种（系）中,蔗糖分最低。其它品种（系）的甘蔗蔗茎产量及蔗糖分表现均不突出。  相似文献   

Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on Plant Crop and Successive First and Second Ratoon Crops of Sugarcane in Bangladesh     

S. M. Bokhtiar  K. Sakurai 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):135-147

ABSTRACT

Experiments were carried out with the objectives to reduce the yield gap of plant and subsequent ratoon crops, evaluate juice quality, as well as soil properties. A 3-year field experiment was utilized to assess the use of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers on plant and subsequent ratoon crops. The organic materials included press mud, farmyard manure (FYM), and green manure (GM) of Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea); the fertilizers were urea, triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum, and zinc sulphate. Farm yard manure was applied at a rate of 15 t ha^?1 accompanied with a chemical fertilizer (N₁₇₈P₅₃K₅₄S₂₆Zn_2.6kg ha^?1), which produced yield of 108.4, 96.8, and 73.5 t ha^?1 in plant cane, first, and second ratoon crops, respectively. Cane yields in the first were recorded in plant cane first and second ratoon crops, respectively. Cane yields in the first and second ratoon crops were 89.3 and 67.8% of plant crop, respectively. Juice quality parameters viz., Brix, pol and purity percent progressively increased in ratoons crops as compared to corresponding plant cane. The organic carbon, total N, and available P, K, &; S contents of soils increased slightly due to incorporation of organic materials. The result of the study revealed that 25% reduction of inorganic fertilizer with FYM or press mud at 15 t ha^?1 in plant cane and addition of 50% more N with same amount of fertilizer suggested for plant cane showed better yield and improved juice quality in first and second ratoon crops of sugarcane.  相似文献   

无公害果蔗产品的生产管理技术     

潘世明  李海明  吴水金  吴松海 《中国糖料》2005,(2):44-46,57

简要介绍了无公害果蔗产品生产的现状和意义，并从3个方面对无公害果蔗产品的生产管理技术进行了探讨。  相似文献   

雷州半岛提高糖业综合竞争力的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

戚荣  江永  杨俊贤  吴文龙  张允远 《中国糖料》2007,(3):35-39,47

对雷州半岛糖业进行深入、全面的调查,分析其发展的优势与劣势,提出解决问题的措施和方法,为企业提高综合竞争力提出建设性意见,旨在促进雷州半岛糖业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Multifractal and joint multifractal analysis of soil micronutrients extracted by two methods along a transect in a coarse textured soil     

Ênio Farias de França e Silva  Aitor García-Tomillo  Diego Henrique Silva de Souza  Eva Vidal-Vázquez  Glécio Machado Siqueira  Daniel da Costa Dantas  Antonio Paz-González 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):608-622

  相似文献   

福建省甘蔗新品种(2005-2006)区域试验研究     

潘世明  李瑞美  吴水金  张树河  李海明  林一心 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(15)

甘蔗新品种区域试验是对甘蔗品种丰产性、稳产性和适应性的一种测试,有利于全面了解甘蔗品种的各方面表现,为甘蔗新品种的示范推广和鉴定(认定)提供科学依据.通过2年(二新一宿)5个地点的区域试验,对5个甘蔗新品种种性进行研究.结果表明:参试的甘蔗新品种中闽糖96-1409,LCP85-384,闽糖93-730,福农93-1103等品种表现出高产、稳产、蔗糖分较高、适应性较广的特点,蔗茎产量均比ROC16增产,与ROC10增产或基本平产,适宜于福建蔗区示范推广.LCP88-1762蔗茎产量比ROC16,ROC10均有一定程度减产,适应性一般,宿根性较差,不适宜在福建蔗区示范推广.  相似文献