秦岭北麓城市新兴开发区生态系统服务价值变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵丹  马俊杰  刘哲  吕继强 《水土保持通报》2015,35(5):279-283

[目的]选取秦岭北麓典型城市区域陕西省西安市浐灞生态区为研究对象,从景观格局变化、生态服务价值两方面分析城市新区建设及可持续性,以期为城市生态建设提供决策参考。[方法]以遥感数据为基础,对研究区土地利用类型和景观格局进行定量分析,研究城市新区尺度下的景观生态系统和生态服务价值变化特征。[结果](1)2004—2014年,浐灞生态区城乡转换特征明显,农业景观比重显著降低,建设用地景观增幅达88.2%,生态景观增幅高达201.5%以上,区域"生态含量"明显提高。(2)生态服务价值以农田、绿地和水体景观变化较为明显,其中农田生态服务价值损失近65%,到2014年全区85%以上的生态服务价值来自于绿地和水体景观。[结论]浐灞生态区10a间生态用地动态变化强烈且持续,城市生态服务价值增加明显,反映该区在保障城市化建设的同时,有效且显著提高了环境质量,其生态建设政策有利于区域生态系统的建设和发展。  相似文献   

莲花湖库区几种主要林型水文功能的分析和评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘少冲  段文标  陈立新 《水土保持学报》2007,21(1):79-83

对莲花湖库区流域人工林主要林型的降水截持效益、林地和荒草地枯落物层持水性能、土壤层物理性状及其蓄水效益进行了研究。结果表明：红松人工林、落叶松人工林和杂木林林冠截留率分别为34.83%,13.05%,19.61%,树干茎流率分别为6.79%,0.58%,4.01%,穿透率分别为58.37%,86.18%,77.66%。兴安落叶松林、红松林、杂木林和荒草地枯落物层最大持水率分别为278.2%,295.3%,260.3%,154.8%。莲花湖库区不同植被类型下枯落物持水能力为红松林最好,荒草地最差。各林型土壤最大蓄水量变化范围为1 838.6-2 186.3t/hm^2,依次为落叶松林〉杂木林〉红松林〉荒草地;从土层厚度来说,土壤入渗速率随土层厚度的下移表现出逐步降低的趋势,即空间特征表现出土层上部〉中部〉下部。以坡面径流观测场为观测手段,分析了4个径流小区产流产沙与降雨因子的相关关系,结果表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和雨强均呈良好的相关关系。  相似文献   

不同规格鱼鳞坑坡面侵蚀过程及特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

侯雷  谢欣利  姚冲  吴发启 《农业工程学报》2020,36(8):62-68

探究不同雨强下鱼鳞坑措施的坡面侵蚀规律及特征,对进一步明晰该措施的径流泥沙调控机制具有重要意义。该研究采用小区模拟降雨试验,研究3种雨强(40,70和100 mm/h)条件下2种规格鱼鳞坑坡面的蓄水保土效益及侵蚀过程,并探讨鱼鳞坑坡面水沙特征及其与细沟形态之间的关系。结果表明,鱼鳞坑的径流泥沙调控作用明显但也存在阈值,在措施被冲垮前,各处理减流效益和减沙效益分别为66.02%~82.20%和85.77%~91.91%;平均径流强度和输沙速率分别为平整坡面的18.87%~33.21%和10.04%~15.38%;当鱼鳞坑被冲垮后,坡面产流量和产沙量分别为平整坡面的1.00~1.22倍和1.39~3.53倍,其平均径流强度和输沙速率分别为鱼鳞坑冲垮前的4.60~7.46倍和13.70~16.75倍。鱼鳞坑坡面径流含沙率在措施冲垮前后的差异较大,水沙关系线性拟合的斜率在措施被冲垮前为0.020和0.035,而冲垮后斜率为0.205和0.231,同时坡面总产沙量和峰值产流产沙量与细沟形态显著相关。因此,鱼鳞坑措施对坡面产流产沙特征及形态的影响在其调控阈值前后有较大差异。研究可为鱼鳞坑坡面水土流失的研究可为区域水土保持措施配置及管理提供相应的依据。  相似文献   

退耕还林工程对粮食生产的影响——以山西省为例     

郑雪  姚顺波  鲁亚楠 《水土保持通报》2020,40(2):239-246,254

[目的]研究退耕还林工程对粮食生产的影响,为深入开展退耕还林工程提供科学依据。[方法]以山西省的117个县域为研究单位,基于1990,2000,2005,2010和2015年5期土地利用数据和社会经济统计数据,分析耕地和粮食生产时空变化,并通过建立生产函数分析退耕还林工程对粮食生产的影响。[结果]①山西省生态环境重点治理区域的退耕效果显著,黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地转林草地的类型尤为明显;②退耕15 a期间,山西省粮食总产量及粮食单位面积产量总体呈上升趋势,其中重点退耕县的粮食总产量与粮食单产水平都一定程度的提高,且粮食单产增幅高于全省平均水平;③退耕对粮食总产量及粮食单位面积产出均有显著的正向影响。[结论]在省级层面,退耕还林工程不会对粮食生产造成负面影响,反而通过促进农业集约化生产等方式,提高粮食单产水平,进而带动粮食产量的提高。  相似文献   

基于灰色聚类法的乌鲁木齐市空气质量状况研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《水土保持研究》2007,14(6):137-139

采用灰色聚类分析方法,对乌市2000～2004年和2005年12个月的大气污染物进行多因子污染等级评价。结果表明2000年至2004年乌市大气质量状况变化总体较稳定并向清洁程度发展;2005年12个月的大气质量状况受到采暖期和非采暖期的影响较大。  相似文献   

Comparison of two methods that assess soil community level physiological profiles in a forest ecosystem     

B.M. Lalor 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(2):454-462

There are currently two approaches that use whole soil to determine community level physiological profiles (CLPP) based on C-substrate utilization. We assessed the Degens and Harris and MicroResp™ approaches for their ability to distinguish between previously mined and non-mined forest soils that are characterized by gradients in biological, chemical and physical properties. Surface soils (0-5 cm) were collected from two ages of forest rehabilitation (3- and 16-years post mining), within mounds and furrows (caused by contour ripping) and from adjacent non-mined forest soil. Microbial respiration response to individual substrates was six times greater from the Degens and Harris (1.84 μg CO₂-C g soil h⁻¹) than the MicroResp™ (0.31 μg CO₂-C g soil h⁻¹) approach. The MicroResp™ approach was able to distinguish between CLPP of the two ages of rehabilitation (P=0.05), whereas the Degens and Harris approach did not. Neither approach identified an overall difference between the CLPP of mined and adjacent non-mined forest. The MicroResp™ approach revealed a significant difference (P=0.03) in CLPP from mounds of the two rehabilitation ages but no differences between the furrows. In addition there was a difference (P=0.03) in CLPP between the mounds and furrows within the 3-year old rehabilitation but no difference between the mounds and furrows within the 16-year-old rehabilitation. However, the CLPP of mounds of the 3-year old rehabilitation were different (P=0.059) to adjacent non-mined forest, while the furrows were not. There was no difference in CLPP between the mounds or the furrows of the 16-year-old rehabilitation and adjacent non-mined forest. These results suggest that the aspect of microbial heterotrophic function measured in this study takes up to 3 years to re-establish in the furrows and between 3-16 years in the mounds of post-mined rehabilitation soils. Our results also indicated that the MicroResp™ was substantially better than the Degens and Harris approach in distinguishing between treatments; this is likely to be due to differences in substrate concentrations and soil water potentials between approaches. Testing of a more comprehensive range of organic compounds would likely provide greater ecological interpretation of the CLPP data.  相似文献   

影响村级服务站运行效果的因素分析-以河北省石家庄市为例     

李宪松郑红维  邢东海 《中国农学通报》2011,27(17):158-161

村级服务站是农技推广体系在村级的延伸与发展,兼有经营性和公益性的双重功能,对于满足农民多元化的农技需求起到重要作用。为了改善村级服务站的运行效果,探索影响村级服务站服务功能发挥的因素,此文以石家庄为例,借助实地调查数据,对村级服务站运行中存在的问题及影响因素进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,村级服务站技术人员的自身素质和村级服务站硬件设施不完善是影响村级服务站运行效果的重要因素。  相似文献   

沙棘果皮粉的制备工艺及功效成分分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马晓凤  栗红瑜  王峰  李云龙 《农产品加工．学刊》2011,(2):43-45

利用榨取沙棘果汁后的新鲜果渣,研究了分离制取纯净沙棘果皮的工艺,分析了沙棘果皮中的常规营养素成分,并对加工后的沙棘果皮的微生物和重金属指标进行了检测。结果证明,沙棘果皮含有丰富的营养成分,具有很强的抗氧化性,经过科学、合理的工艺加工后,可以成为优良的中老年功能食品辅料。  相似文献   

Application of time-frequency distribution correlating and matching method in signal extraction     

LIU Xiao feng  LI Hui  BO Lin  PENG Yong jin 《保鲜与加工》2011,(11):31-36

The time-frequency coupling relation between useful non-stationary components and noises bring great difficulties to the realization of de-noising for non-stationary signals,which can not be solved by classic de-noising method in time or frequency domain. The principles of short time Fourier transform(STFT),Wigner-Ville transform,Chirplet adaptive decomposition are analyzed,and then a novel de-noising method for non-stationary based on joint time-frequency distribution is proposed. In this method,the analyzed signal WVD is seen as the combination of auto-WVD and cross-term WVD. Firstly,STFT energy spectrum of the analyzed signal is used as template to cross-correlate with its corresponding WVD in order to obtain the satisfactory time-frequency distribution with high time-frequency resolution and without cross-term interferences. Secondly,the useful components are decomposed as Chirplet function using the two-dimension least square fitting method,and then are extracted out to reconstruct for noise suppression. Finally,the computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of this proposed method. Its application in gearbox fault diagnosis indicates that with the method the extracted cycle of the gearbox vibration impulses has a good consistency with the corresponding fault frequency.  相似文献   

Integration framework and implementation technologies of integrated workshop production management system for motorcycle parts enterprise     

JIANG Yan-chuan  GONG Xiao-rong  YIN Chao 《保鲜与加工》2011,(8):71-79

According to the urgent need for motorcycle parts enterprise to improve the ability of information exchange and business collaboration between the production process and other links such as the marketing, design, production planning, outsourcing, purchasing and delivering, an integration framework of the intergraded workshop production management system for motorcycle parts enterprise is presented. It can be integrated with the designing and production planning management systems upwards, the workshop equipments and workers downwards, and the subcontract production and supply chain management systems outwards. Then, some key technologies are studied, such as the realization scheme of system integration based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), the data integration and sharing mechanism of heterogeneous information system based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML), and the real-time interaction technology of workshop information based on the multi-functional interactive information terminals, etc. Finally, the system is developed and successfully applied in a motorcycle parts enterprise, and good results are obtained.  相似文献