基于星载ICESat-2/ATLAS数据的森林地上生物量估测     

宋涵玥  舒清态  席磊  邱霜  魏治越  杨泽至 《农业工程学报》2022,38(10):191-199

为探讨星载激光雷达数据ICESat-2（Ice,Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite-2）在山地森林地上生物量（Aboveground Biomass,AGB）的估测可行性和方法。以ATLAS（Advanced Terrain Laser Altimeter System）光子点云数据为主要信息源,以滇西北典型山地香格里拉为研究区,结合地面54块实测生物量遥感样地,在前期进行点云数据去噪、分类预处理基础上,对研究区74 873个林地光斑进行冠层参数及地形因子的提取（共计53个变量）,采用非参数模型随机森林回归和超参数优化后的随机森林进行建模,以均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）、决定系数（R2）、总体估测精度（P1）作为模型的评价指标,建立研究区AGB模型。研究结果表明：1）分析以ICESat-2/ATLAS提取的冠层参数、地形因子与生物量的相关性可知,冠层光子总数与生物量具有极显著相关性（P<0.01）,基于陆地卫星的乔木冠层百分比、冠层光子比率、坡度、光子总数、表观反射率与生物量具有显著相关性（0.01相似文献   

Physiological Changes and Cold Tolerance of Three Camphor Species During Natural Winter Temperature Fluctuations     

Wang Ning  Yuan Mei-li  Yao Fang 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2014,21(3):7-16

The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.  相似文献   

饲料突然变换对配套系生猪肥育性能影响的研究     

冯选明 《畜牧与饲料科学》2011,32(1):36-38

选择配套系生猪为研究对象,研究饲料突然变换对配套系生猪育肥性能的影响。虽然配套系生猪的生长速度快、饲料利用率高、瘦肉率高、饲养时间短,但其适应能力、耐粗饲能力、抗应激能力却很差,因此,必须在科学的饲养管理条件下才能取得良好的饲养效果。否则易发生"PSS"(应激综合征)、"PSE"(肉色苍白/蛋白质松软无弹性、切面渗水的劣质肉),给养殖户造成重大损失。  相似文献   

Some remarks on carrot breeding (Daucus carota sativus Hoffm.)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M. Stein  Th. Nothnagel 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(1):1-11

Carrot breeding in the past 150 years has resulted in varieties with high yield, a short growing period, and excellent root colour. Recently, hybrid varieties have demonstrated good uniformity of roots, a quality accepted by most consumers. By contrast, only a few resistant varieties (mainly open-pollinated varieties) are offered by seed companies, most being resistant to Alternaria. Hybrid breeding offers a chance of combining good uniformity and different sources of resistance. Efforts in future breeding should concentrate on the improvement of health and the development of genotypes suitable for cultivation in suboptimal climates and regions, as well as for special applications.  相似文献   

Use of Triticum tauschii to improve yield of wheat in low-yielding environments     

N.N. Gororo  H.A. Eagles  R.F. Eastwood  M.E. Nicolas  R.G. Flood 《Euphytica》2002,123(2):241-254

Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. is an ancestor of bread wheat (T. aestivum). This species has been widely used as a source ofsimply-inherited traits, but there are few reports of yield increases due tointrogression of genes from this species. Selections from F₂-derivedlines of backcross derivatives of synthetic hexaploid wheats (T.turgidum / T. tauschii) were evaluated for grain yield in diverseenvironments in southern Australia. Re-selections were made in theF₆ generation and evaluated for grain yield, yield componentsincluding grain weight, and grain growth characters in diverse environmentsin southern Australia and north-western Mexico. Re-selection was effectivein identifying lines which were higher yielding than the recurrent parent,except in full-irrigation environments. Grain yields of the selectedderivatives were highest relative to the recurrent parent in thelowest-yielding environments, which experienced terminal moisture deficitand heat stress during grain filling. The yield advantage of the derivativesin these environments was not due to a change in anthesis date orgrain-filling duration, but was manifest as increased rates of grain-filling andlarger grains, indicating that T. tauschii has outstanding potential forimproving wheat for low-yielding, drought-stressed environments.  相似文献   

Response to long-term selection in early maturing maize synthetic varieties   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Hyrkas  M. J. Carena 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):43-49

Long-term continuous selection is essential for germplasm improvement. However, choice of germplasm for long-term genetic improvement might limit the success of germplasm enhancement programs. The objective of this research was to report the response to long-term selection in early maturing North Dakota (ND) synthetic varieties. We wanted to determine whether the performance of three ND maize synthetic varieties was improved by long-term mass selection (M) and if the performance of one of them was improved by long-term modified ear-to-row (MER) selection. The evaluation of long-term selection response was performed at two plant densities. An experiment in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement was used to evaluate NDSM(M), NDSAB(M), NDSCD(M), and NDSAB(MER) under 75,000 and 42,500 plants per hectare across seven environments. Long-term mass selection for grain yield and stalk lodging resistance in NDSM(M), NDSAB(M), and NDSCD(M) was not successful, since there were no significant changes in grain yield or stalk lodging in these populations at either low or high densities. On the other hand, long-term modified ear-to-row selection was effective for grain yield improvement in NDSAB(MER). Grain yield increased non-linearly from 3.9 Mg ha⁻¹ in cycle 0 to 5.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in cycle 12 at a rate of 2.5% per cycle. Interaction between plant density and genotype was not detected even though selection was performed at relatively low densities (20,000 plants ha⁻¹ for mass selection and 50,000 plants ha⁻¹ for ear-to-row selection). The confirmation of a lack of interaction between plant density and genotype suggests that selection at low plant densities might still be able to provide high-density stress resistance through density-independent genotypes, allowing progeny testing across multiple locations with better accuracy and fewer resources. Selection methods that emphasize both additive and dominance effects such as full-sib recurrent selection are recommended to maximize genetic improvement of advanced population cycles of early maturing synthetics.  相似文献   

New strategies for increasing heterozygosity in crops: Vicia faba mating system as a study case     

M. J. Suso  Lawrence Harder  M. T. Moreno  Fouad Maalouf 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):51-65

Our research assesses the feasibility of using artificial selection on pre-mating floral traits to modify the mating system of faba bean (Vicia faba). This analysis considered two synthetic populations, which were derived from different genetic pools and had undergone five years of multiplication. For these populations, we identified floral and inflorescence traits that influence outcrossing per plant and examined the relative importance of these traits in governing yield. Codominant isozyme loci and the mixed-mating model were used to estimate the multilocus female outcrossing rate. A maternal half-sib design was used to evaluate the additive genetic component of floral and inflorescence traits, yield and yield components. Multiple regression was used to assess the effects of floral and inflorescence traits on outcrossing and yield and components of yield. The two populations exhibited mixing mating. Self-fertilization appears to result from the action of pollinating bees, so that its incidence could be modified by selection on floral and inflorescence traits that affect pollination. Floral and inflorescence traits affected individual differences in outcrossing unequally, with most variation being associated with the numbers of displayed flowers and inflorescences. Variation among plants in reward traits and in shape, although statistically significant, had limited and inconsistent influences on individual differences in outcrossing. Yield and its components varied strongly with aspects of floral display and, to a lesser extent, floral design, except for seed weight. Overall, our results imply that both outcrossing and yield could be enhanced by selection for plants that produce more inflorescences, each with relatively few flowers.  相似文献   

Applicability of Aegilops tauschii drought tolerance traits to breeding of hexaploid wheat     

Quahir Sohail  Tomoe Inoue  Hiroyuki Tanaka  Amin Elsadig Eltayeb  Yoshihiro Matsuoka  Hisashi Tsujimoto 《Breeding Science》2011,61(4):347-357

Few genes are available to develop drought-tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. One way to enhance bread wheat’s genetic diversity would be to take advantage of the diversity of wild species by creating synthetic hexaploid wheat (SW) with the genomic constitution of bread wheat. In this study, we compared the expression of traits encoded at different ploidy levels and evaluated the applicability of Aegilops tauschii drought-related traits using 33 Ae. tauschii accessions along with their corresponding SW lines under well-watered and drought conditions. We found wide variation in Ae. tauschii, and even wider variation in the SW lines. Some SW lines were more drought-tolerant than the standard cultivar Cham 6. Aegilops tauschii from some regions gave better performing SW lines. The traits of Ae. tauschii were not significantly correlated with their corresponding SW lines, indicating that the traits expressed in wild diploid relatives of wheat may not predict the traits that will be expressed in SW lines derived from them. We suggest that, regardless of the adaptability and performance of the Ae. tauschii under drought, production of SW could probably result in genotypes with enhanced trait expression due to gene interactions, and that the traits of the synthetic should be evaluated in hexaploid level.  相似文献   

Applying hybrid dynamic substructure synthetic method to dynamic analysis for tower crane     

WANG Wei-ji  LIU Cheng-yi  ZHONG Wei  LI Zheng-liang 《保鲜与加工》2011,(8):114-120

This paper presents a dynamic hybrid substructure synthetic method for tower crane dynamic analysis. This method employs the transfer matrix method and the flexibility degree method respectively to formulate the vibration mathematical models of the tower body and tower top system substructures in the hoisting luffing plane. Based on the motion of the substructures in the interface and the dynamic harmonize condition, the frequency equations are established. Then the program is designed according to the mathematical models and firstly applied to the dynamic analysis of the QTZ63 tower crane in the construction site and the parameter identification of attached device and tower body. The test results show that the value calculated by the above method is quite approximate to the instrument measured value, which can meet the engineering requirements. Further study has found that , for the flexible long-distance attached tower crane, the method that introduces dynamic load coefficient for statics analysis of tower cranes is unprecise enough since there exist errors.This paper suggests to conduct site test and identification of the rigidity coefficient of attached device of the tower crane for the accident prevention of tower crane collapse by timely take measures.  相似文献   

造林模式效益评价的综合决策研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

郑郁善  黄祖清 《福建林学院学报》1993,13(4):394-400

本文通过设置大量标准地,对不同造林模式(杉木、马尾松、杉松混交林、封山育林)的林分生物量、培肥土壤、水文效应、经济效益进行调查分析,应用大系统多目标综合决策层次分析法对多种造林模式进行定量评价,找出经济与生态效益最协调的造林模式,为荒山绿化中期效果定量评价方法和指标提供科学依据。  相似文献