A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Phase I Inactivated Vaccines to Reduce Shedding of Coxiella burnetii From Sheep and Goats From Routes of Public Health Importance     

T. J. O'Neill  J. M. Sargeant  Z. Poljak 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(8):519-533

Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in livestock are both caused by Coxiella burnetii. The public health importance of vaccination against C. burnetii shedding from sheep and goats was evaluated using systematic review and meta‐analysis to provide evidence for policy direction to prevent potential zoonotic spread. Publications reporting shedding of C. burnetii in vaginal and uterine secretions, milk, placenta and faeces were included. A single observational (one goat) and seven experimental (four goat and three sheep) vaccine studies were included in the review. No relevant publications on other interventions were identified. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for the risk of shedding in individuals in the control and vaccinated groups and for the mean difference in the level of bacterial shedding in sheep and goats stratified by age and previous exposure status. Limited data were available for further analytic evaluation. From the pooled analysis, an inactivated phase I vaccine significantly reduced the risk of shedding from uterine (RR = 0.10; 95%CI 0.05–0.20) secretions in previously sensitized goats. Individual studies reported significant risk reduction in milk (RR = 0.03; 95%CI 0.01–0.26), vaginal secretions (RR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.22–0.75) and faeces (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.63–0.97) from naïve goats. The pooled mean levels of bacteria shed from placental [mean difference (MD = ?5.24 Log₁₀; 95%CI ?6.75 to ?3.7)] and vaginal (MD = ?1.78 Log₁₀; 95%CI ?2.19 to ?1.38) routes were significantly decreased in vaccinated naïve goats compared with controls. Shedding through all other routes from vaccinated goats was not significantly different than shedding from control goats. No effect of vaccination was found on the risk of shedding or the mean level of shedding in vaccinated sheep compared with control sheep. Our conclusions are based on a limited amount of data with variable risk of systematic error.  相似文献   

Marine spatial plans focusing on biodiversity conservation: The case of the Aegean Sea     

Vasiliki Markantonatou  Sylvaine Giakoumi  Nikoletta Koukourouvli  Irida Maina  Genoveva Gonzalez-Mirelis  Maria Sini  Kostas Maistrelis  Mavra Stithou  Eleni Gadolou  Dimitra Petza  Stefanos Kavadas  Vasiliki Vassilopoulou  Lene Buhl-Mortensen  Stelios Katsanevakis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(8):2278-2292

1. The expansion and intensification of marine uses have severe cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems and human well-being, unless they are properly managed with an ecosystem-based management approach.
2. A systematic conservation planning approach, using marxan with zones , was applied to generate alternative marine spatial plans for the Aegean Sea. Relevant human uses were included and their cumulative impact on a wide set of key biodiversity features was considered in the analysis. Different cost scenarios were developed to gain insight on the effects of the approaches used to assess socio-economic factors, and their potential impact on spatial plans.
3. The spatial plans generated differed greatly depending on the method used to estimate opportunity costs and evaluate human activities in monetary terms.
4. The vulnerability weights (the relative vulnerability of ecological features to specific human activities and their impacts) that were estimated based on a cumulative impact assessment, allowed the assessment of each zone in contributing to the achievement of conservation targets, through a transparent planning approach.
5. Results indicate that special care should be given to how socio-economic activities, their impact on the ecosystems, and related costs are incorporated into planning.
6. The proposed approach demonstrates how EU member states may effectively comply with the new Biodiversity Strategy 2030 targets, while planning for the sustainable use of their marine resources.

  相似文献   

千岛湖茶区红茶生产发展的实践与思考     

童浦高  方长金  王华建  余淑芳  江雪芳 《茶叶》2014,(1):21-23

本文通过对淳安千岛湖茶区红茶生产现状的分析及红茶生产工作中的实践,提出了下一步调整茶类产品结构,实施“绿＋红”战略,利用鸠坑种资源优势,进一步推进名优绿茶、红茶共同发展,实现千岛湖茶区茶产业的第二次飞跃.  相似文献   

建瓯市发展农村养殖小区和联户沼气的思考     

杨静民 《福建稻麦科技》2014,(2):88-89

结合建瓯农村实际,探索和创新养殖小区和联户沼气工程建设的农村沼气发展新模式,通过2 a的实践表明:与传统的户用沼气比较,养殖小区和联户沼气工程具有节约投资成本,有效解决沼气池建设土地,保障沼气发酵原料供给,便于维护维修和运行管理,改善农村生产生活环境等优势。  相似文献   

刍议农业院校非计算机专业信息技术教育与教学改革     

李乃祥 《天津农学院学报》2014,(3):53-55

分析了高等农业院校非计算机专业信息技术教育和教学改革的必要性,讨论了在高等农业院校非计算机专业信息技术教学中贯彻"教学做合一"理念的重要性,提出了高等农业院校非计算机专业信息技术教育改革的内容、实施方式与方法。  相似文献   

In vitro Selection of DNAAptamers and Fluorescence-Based Recognition for Rapid Detection Listeria monocytogenes     

LIU Guo-qing  ;LIAN Ying-qi  ;GAO Chao  ;YU Xiao-feng  ;ZHU Ming  ;ZONG Kai  ;CHEN Xue-jiao  ;YAN Yi 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(5):1121-1129

Aptamers are specific nucleic acid sequences that can bind to a wide range of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are selected in vitro from single stranded DNA or RNA ligands containing random sequences of up to a few hundred nucleotides. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （SELEX） was used to select and PCR amplify DNA sequences （aptamers） capable of binding to and detecting Listeria monocytogenes, one of the major food-borne pathogens. A simplified affinity separation approach was employed, in which L. monocytogenes in exponential （log） phase of growth was used as the separation target. A fluorescently-labeled aptamer assay scheme was devised for detecting L. monoeytogenes. This report described a novel approach to the detection of L. monocytogenes using DNA aptamers. Aptamers were developed by nine rounds of SELEX. A high affinity aptamer was successfully selected from the initial random DNA pool, and its secondary structure was also investigated. One of aptamers named e01 with the highest affinity was further tested in aptamer-peroxidase and aptamer-fluorescence staining protocols. This study has proved the principle that the whole-cell SELEX could be a promising technique to design aptamer-based molecular probes for dectection of pathogenic microorganisms without tedious isolation and purification of complex markers or targets.  相似文献   

三明市发展花卉苗木产业的思考     

林剑英 《福建农业科技》2014,(2):73-75

分析三明市花卉苗木产业的现状,指出其发展的瓶颈,并探讨在产业发展布局、种苗提升、特色示范、产业延伸、品牌创建和流通体系建设等方面应采取的措施,提出做大做强三明市花卉苗木产业的发展思路.  相似文献   

关于经济发达地区确保口粮安全的思考     

金国强 《湖南农机》2014,(8)

文章结合分析我国经济发达地区口粮安全存在的主要问题和困境,从提升耕地质量、推进科技创新、完善扶持政策、拓宽保障渠道等方面提出对策措施。  相似文献   

气象科技服务对公共气象服务的促进和发展思考     

彭磊  ;苏仲铭  ;吴欣昱 《商界．城乡致富》2014,(9):53-55

针对娄底市气象科技服务发展的特点和现状,重点提出要积极探索手机短信气象服务新途径、加强气象防雷服务和科技服务人才队伍建设等未来发展方向,为提高娄底市气象科技服务的预测和预报能力,完善气象服务体系,提升公共气象服务的水平提供了有益的参考。  相似文献   

中国啦啦队运动推广机制的回顾与思考     

刘国纯  徐中秋  张茜 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(6):50-52

运用文献资料、访谈调查等研究方法,对我国啦啦队运动这种“自下而上”的推广机制进行研究。认为当前我国啦啦队运动的推广实现了由民间到半官方到官方的转变,是在原有机制上的延续和丰富。多元化的推广机制导致了发展的分化;政府主导下的商业化发展模式产生了新形势下的公司性质的垄断。为此,提出应该加强中国啦啦队运动推广机构的合作,实现运动项目良性发展,避免推广模式过度行政化和商业化。  相似文献