Effect of alien cytoplasm and fertility restorer genes on agronomic and physiological traits of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern     

Rohit Chamola  Harindra S. Balyan  Shripad R. Bhat 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):681-687

To assess the effect of alien cytoplasm and fertility restorer genes on agronomic and physiological traits in Brassica juncea, cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and fertility restorer lines involving five alloplasms in three nuclear backgrounds were constituted through repeated backcrossing. These lines were evaluated along with euplasmic lines for agronomic traits in field experiments. Respiration efficiency of in vitro cultured hypocotyls, and chlorophyll content in leaves were also estimated. Significant adverse effects of trachystoma and catholica cytoplasms on yield‐contributing traits and yield were noticed. The restorer gene corrected the floral defects in CMS trachystoma and restored yield to the level of euplasmic line, while it did so only partly in CMS catholica. Restorer genes had no adverse effect on traits in any of the systems. On the contrary, the Rf gene of moricandia CMS system exerted a positive effect on leaf chlorophyll content. Likewise, in vitro assay indicated the moricandia CMS system as vigorous. The moricandia CMS plants gave higher seed yield perhaps due to overall better vigour and higher leaf chlorophyll content.  相似文献   

Vermicompost leachate improves seedling emergence and vigour of aged seeds of commercially grown Eucalyptus species     

《Southern Forests》2013,75(2):117-122

Vermicompost leachate (VCL) is a liquid generated by earthworms and microorganisms during the conversion of organic matter into vermicompost. Vermicompost leachate is rich in nutrients and believed to contain both known and unknown plant growth substances, which are beneficial to plants. Four-year-old seeds (artificially aged) of Eucalyptus dunnii, E. nitens and E. smithii were subjected to VCL at different concentrations. In comparison to the control, the percentage of emerged seedlings of all three species improved significantly (p < 0.05) by more than two to three times when treated with VCL. Treated seedlings showed better growth performance than untreated ones at both first and second harvest, 75 and 150 d after sowing, respectively. Eucalyptus dunnii achieved the highest seedling vigour index (SVI) at the lowest VCL concentrations of 1:5. In contrast, the SVI of E. nitens was maximum at the highest concentrations of VCL (1:20). The best SVI of E. smithii was obtained at VCL concentrations of 1:10. These results suggest that the influence of VCL on SVI of the eucalypt species tested was concentration-dependent. The absolute seedling vigour rate per day was also improved with all the tested concentrations of VCL, with some exceptions for E. dunnii seedlings. The order of response to VCL by the species can be summarised as E. smithii > E. nitens > E. dunnii. The results of this study suggest that VCL can be used to supplement chemical fertilisers. The liquid nature of VCL should be convenient for application both under nursery and field conditions. However, trials under field conditions are required.  相似文献   

生根粉提高仙客来种子活力的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐振华  徐艳华 《河北林果研究》1998,13(3):217-221

采用不同剂号,不同浓度的新剂型ＡＢＴ生根粉浸泡处理仙客来种子,测定了种子发芽率,发芽速率,发芽指数,活力指数,干鲜比等种子活力指标和电导率,可溶性糖含量等部分生理生化指标,并结合仙客来育苗生产调查出了苗率。  相似文献   

橡胶种子呼吸的电子传递途径和种子活力的关系   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

董建华  王秉忠 《热带作物学报》1998,19(4):1-6

研究结果表明,（１）用ＳＨＡＭ（水杨肟酸）处理种子,能部分抑制抗氰电子传递途径,种子活力指数也随之大幅度下降,主要表现为“苗”生长受到抑制,同时贮藏脂质的降解及糖再生的乙醛酸环代谢速率也大幅度下降;（２）用ＮａＣＮ处理种子,提高了抗氰呼吸电子传递途径比率,但并未提高种子的活力指数,种子活力指数反而稍有下降;（３）ＳＨＡＭ和ＮａＣＮ的预处理,对种子的发芽率没有明显影响。  相似文献   

不同收获期高羊茅种子活力测定方法的比较研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

毛培胜  盛亦兵 《草地学报》1999,7(2):121-128

通过七种生理生化方法测定１９９５和１９９６年不同成熟时期收获的Ｆａｗｎ和Ｓａｆａｒｉ高羊茅种子活力。试验结果表明,加速老化和ＡＴＰ地是测定高羊茅种子活力的较好方法,电导率、发芽指数和活力指数测定应以完全成熟的种子为宜,而温室出苗率和千粒重的测定效果不佳。  相似文献   

聚乙二醇引发对几种牧草种子发芽率和活力的影响   总被引：26，自引：4，他引：22  

孙建华  王彦荣 《草业学报》1999,8(2):34-42

应用聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）引发法探讨了不同引发渗透势、时间处理对无芒雀麦、苏丹草、沙打旺、小冠花、紫花芷蓿等牧草种子萌发和活力和有性在适宜处理下供试种子发芽速度、发芽率及活力指数分别显著高于对照;ＰＥＧ的引发作用还表现为提高活力效应大于提高发芽率效应,学表明,低渗透势（－０．１、－１．２、－１．５ＭＰａ）引发处理对提高发芽率无作用;但处子早期萌发的效应对于沙打旺和小冠花种子的２仍很强烈,对苏丹草种子则  相似文献   

木霉对番茄种子活力及幼苗生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴利民  郭立季  陆宁海  徐瑞富 《安徽农业科学》2006,34(21):5482-5482,5492

用不同浓度的木霉发酵液对番茄种子和幼苗进行处理,研究其对种子活力及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:木霉在适量浓度下,可显著提高番茄种子的发芽率及幼苗鲜重,并能促进地上、地下部分的生长。  相似文献   

氮磷钾配施对甘草育苗质量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄亚萍  陈垣  郭凤霞  徐向宏  张天铜  王永辉 《草业学报》2012,21(2):233-240

利用“3414”方案进行N、P、K营养液配方设计,在配方营养液浇灌条件下进行甘草育苗质量比较,旨在探寻适宜甘草育苗的施肥配方,为其测土配方施肥和无土栽培育苗提供依据。结果表明,以纯沙石作为育苗基质,在添加Hoagland营养液条件下,不同N、P、K配比营养液对经98%硫酸处理的甘草种子的出苗质量和幼苗生长发育均具有极显著影响。N₂K₂配比下出苗质量均优于空白对照,且随着施磷水平的提高出苗质量呈下降趋势,出苗质量依次为N₂P₀K₂＞N₂P₁K₂＞N₂P₂K₂＞N₂P₃K₂。而出苗活力依次为N₂P₁K₂＞N₂P₀K₂＞N₂P₂K₂＞N₂P₃K₂。N₂P₂K₂和N₂P₁K₂处理均可极显著提高甘草根系活力,为培育壮苗奠定良好基础。单纯缺N、缺K和过量N、P和K肥均不利于甘草出苗和幼苗的生长发育。以上说明在甘草出苗阶段需P量小,但出苗后开始显示其营养效应。从育苗效益和环境保护双重考虑,配方施肥宜采用N₂P₁K₂,即添加80 mg/L NH₄NO₃、89 mg/L KH₂PO₄和298 mg/L KNO₃作为N、P和K营养源,每隔20 d浇1次。需要注意的是浇灌后应及时喷灌适量水,使氨态氮下渗到底部基质,以避免氨的挥发而灼伤幼苗。  相似文献   

Powdery mildew development is positively influenced by grapevine vegetative growth induced by different soil management strategies     

Héctor Valdés-Gómez  Christian GaryPhilippe Cartolaro  Mauricio Lolas-CaneoAgnès Calonnec 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1168-1177

In various crop species, high levels of powdery mildew infection and severity have been associated with high vegetative vigour. In grapevine this relationship has also been observed by vine growers, though it has not been quantified. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the development of powdery mildew on leaves and berries and canopy growth, and thus to quantify the relationship between the pathogen and its host. Over a two-year period (2005 and 2006), an experiment was carried out in a vineyard (cv. Aranel) near Montpellier, southern France. Several levels of canopy growth were generated by implementing four soil management strategies: i) perennial cover crop in the inter-row, ii) annual cover crop in the inter-row, iii) chemical weed control over the entire soil surface, iv) chemical weed control all over the soil surface and drip irrigation and fertilization in the row. Powdery mildew was artificially inoculated on experimental sub-plots with Erysiphe necator [Schw.] Burr. conidia. The most vigorous vines developed a larger number of diseased leaves and a higher percentage of mildewed berries compared to low-vigour vines. The major explanatory variable highlighted in these experiments was the shoot leaf number, mainly early in the season. A higher leaf population generated a larger number of powdery mildew colonies close to grapes and consequently a higher probability of berry infection. Our experimental results provide evidence of a positive relationship between powdery mildew development and grapevine vegetative development. These results provide an opportunity to develop new IPM strategies in vineyards.  相似文献   

苏州城区古树名木的树势评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘嘉  杨莉雷  陆小平 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(36)

为更好地保护和利用苏州的古树名木资源,应用层次分析法拟定古树树势量化指标,对苏州城区一级古树名木进行树势评价,阐述苏州古树名木保护现状,结合实例分析其中主要存在的问题以及产生这些问题的原因。  相似文献