Moth sex-pheromone biosynthesis is inhibited by the herbicide diclofop     

Dorit Eliyahu  Shalom ApplebaumAda Rafaeli 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,77(2):75-81

Pheromones of nocturnal moths are derived from fatty acids produced as a result of the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This timely production is initiated in nocturnal moths by a tropic peptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide released into the hemolymph. In monocotyledonous plants, specific plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by herbicides that target the eukaryotic form of the enzyme. We report evidence that these herbicides can also target pheromone biosynthesis by a moth, thereby implicating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a key regulatory enzyme in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. These findings, whilst indicating the possible action of such herbicides on non-target organisms, also suggest a novel alternative method of insect pest management, which precludes sex-pheromone production and mating success, thereby reducing insect population growth.  相似文献   

Trp‐1999‐Ser mutation of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and cytochrome P450s‐involved metabolism confer resistance to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl in Polypogon fugax     

Ning Zhao  Lu'an Ge  Yanyan Yan  Shuang Bai  Dandan Wang  Weitang Liu  Jinxin Wang 《Pest management science》2019,75(12):3175-3183

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Spiro N‐methoxy piperidine ring containing aryldiones for the control of sucking insects and mites: discovery of spiropidion     

Michel Muehlebach  Anke Buchholz  Werner Zambach  Juergen Schaetzer  Miriam Daniels  Ottmar Hueter  Daniel P Kloer  Rob Lind  Peter Maienfisch  Andy Pierce  Thomas Pitterna  Tomas Smejkal  David Stafford  Laura Wildsmith 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3440-3450

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Resistance to clethodim in Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) from Mississippi and North Carolina     

Vijay K Nandula  Darci A Giacomini  Benjamin H Lawrence  William T Molin  Jason A Bond 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1378-1385

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玉米瘤黑粉菌SG200效应蛋白PEP1表达及生物信息学分析     

刘云云  李智敏  程毅  余永廷  陈佳  严准 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,46(1):28-32

运用生物信息学手段分析pep1基因结构,并根据GenBank中玉米瘤黑粉菌pep1 DNA序列设计引物,从玉米瘤黑粉菌SG200的基因组中扩增得到了pep1基因全长,构建了pET–28a–pep1重组表达质粒,选用大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)作为宿主菌,以1 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达。SDS–PAGE检测结果表明,诱导表达产物大小与理论值(20 800)一致,说明pET–28a–pep1能够在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达。  相似文献   

Senescence of Top Three Leaves in Field‐Grown Rice Plants     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2453-2468

Abstract

The top three leaves play important roles in biomass production and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop since the three leaves not only assimilate majority of carbon for grain filling during ripening phase, but also provide large proportion of remobilized‐nitrogen (N) for grain development during their senescence. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare senescence of the top three leaves and (b) compare the changes in N, chlorophyll, and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) contents of the top three leaves after their full expansion in field‐grown rice plants. When the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was plant age in terms of days after transplanting (DAT), senescence generally started earliest in ?3rd leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and latest in flag leaf. If the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was leaf age in terms of days after full leaf expansion (DAFE), it was not clear which leaf senesced earlier. Senescence rate was generally greatest in flag leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and smallest in ?3rd leaf. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content declined earlier, and at a faster rate than N and chlorophyll contents during the senescence of all top three leaves. Correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between N and chlorophyll contents. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content correlated with N content better than with chlorophyll content. The suitability of N, chlorophyll, and Rubisco contents for quantifying the leaf senescence of field‐grown rice plants is discussed.  相似文献   

小麦导入磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因的初步研究     

张彬  马建军  贾栋  石云鹭  高志强  丁在松 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(11):4900-4901

[目的]将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因导入普通小麦临优145。[方法]利用根癌农杆菌遗传转化系统,以普通小麦临优145为材料,将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因,导入小麦胚性愈伤组织中,用含潮霉素（hyg）的筛选培养基连续筛选,并从分子水平上检测该基因。[结果]获得了hyg抗性植株,经GUS组织化学染色检测表明,抗性苗叶片被染成了深蓝色;PCR检测出目标条带。[结论]初步证明磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）基因已经导入受体材料中。  相似文献   

Status of black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in France   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C DÉLYE  Y MENCHARI  J-P GUILLEMIN†  A MATÉJICEK  S MICHEL  C CAMILLERI‡  & B CHAUVEL 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):95-105

We assessed the contributions of target site‐ and non‐target site‐based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in Alopecurus myosuroides (black grass). A total of 243 A. myosuroides populations collected across France were analysed using herbicide sensitivity bioassay (24 300 seedlings analysed) and ACC genotyping (13 188 seedlings analysed). Seedlings resistant to at least one ACC‐inhibiting herbicide were detected in 99.2% of the populations. Mutant, resistant ACC allele(s) were detected in 56.8% of the populations. Among the five resistant ACC alleles known in A. myosuroides, alleles containing an isoleucine‐to‐leucine substitution at codon 1781 were predominant (59.5% of the plants containing resistant ACC alleles). Comparison of the results from herbicide sensitivity bioassays with genotyping indicated that more than 75% of the plants resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides in France would be resistant via increased herbicide metabolism. Analysis of herbicide application records suggested that in 15.9% of the populations studied, metabolism‐based resistance to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides was mostly selected for by herbicides with other modes of action. Our study revealed the importance of non‐target site‐based resistance in A. myosuroides. Using herbicides with alternative modes of action to control populations resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides, the recommended management approach, may thus be jeopardised by the widespread occurrence of metabolism‐based resistance mechanisms conferring broad‐spectrum cross‐resistance.  相似文献   

Cross-resistance profile of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant Italian ryegrass in the southern United States     

Kuk YI  Bugos NR 《Pest management science》2007,63(4):349-357

Diclofop-resistant Lolium species (ryegrass) is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the resistance pattern of diclofop-resistant ryegrass accessions from the southern United States to mesosulfuron-methyl, a recently commercialized herbicide for ryegrass control in wheat; to determine the cross-resistance pattern of a Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) accession, 03-1, to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors; and to determine the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl. Seventeen ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and Louisiana, including standard resistant and susceptible accessions, were used in this experiment. Fourteen of the 17 accessions were more resistant (four- to > 308-fold) to diclofop than the standard susceptible biotype. One accession, 03-1, was resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl as well as to other ALS inhibitor herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, imazamox and sulfometuron. Accession 03-1, however, did not show multiple resistance to the ACCase inhibitor herbicides diclofop, fluazifop, clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden, nor to glyphosate. The in vivo ALS activity of the 03-1 biotype was less affected by mesosulfuron-methyl than the susceptible biotype. This indicates that the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl is partly due to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS. It is concluded that diclofop-resistant ryegrass in the southern United States can be generally controlled by mesosulfuron-methyl. However, mesosulfuron-methyl must be used with caution because not all ryegrass populations are susceptible to it. There is a need for more thorough profiling of ryegrass resistance to herbicides.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on growth and lipid metabolism in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J Dias  J Arzel  G Corraze  & J Kaushik 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(S1):206-215

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