Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity          下载免费PDF全文

Peter M. Kiffney  Ben Cram  Paul L. Faulds  Karl Burton  Michele Koehler  Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.  相似文献   

信息技术用于汽车纵梁制造的探讨     

张繁  苏欣 《湖南农机》2015,(4)

文章以为汽车行业的健康发展提供指导和借鉴为目的,主要对汽车的纵梁平面图纸集成化制造中诸如参数提取、纵梁3D模型构建技术和Agent的网络集成技术的应用方法等进行了相关论述,以此为实现汽车行业的可持续发展而做出贡献。  相似文献   

Analysis on Longitudinal Cracks and Deflection of the Pre-stressed V-shape Slab Roof Structure     

YANG Hong-yuan  FAN Ze-bao  CUI Jia 《保鲜与加工》2002,(3):112-116

In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the behavior of the prestressed V-shape Slab Roof structure, especially the effect of temperature change on the stress of slab. The calculated results indicate that when the temperature changes, the tensile stress at the lower extreme fibers of the flange plate near rib exceeds the tensile strength of concrete subjected to the combined action of triaxial stresses and results in the longitudinal cracks of the flange plate. The deflection analysis is based on the mechanical model of the prestressed V shape slab with the longitudinal cracks. The calculated results are in general agreement with the field observations.  相似文献   

A Study of Limiting Values for Minimal Ratio of Longitudinal Tensile Reinforcement in Non-seismic Reinforced Concrete Beams     

《保鲜与加工》2003,(2):37-42

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地基差异沉降时管道的纵向力学性状分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张土乔  李洵  吴小刚 《中国农村水利水电》2003,(7):46-48

软土地基的不均匀沉降将导致管道纵向力学性状的变化，产生破坏管道的应力响应，从而引发工程事故。针对地基产生差异沉降的实际管道，通过建立较为合理的力学模型，分析其受力特性，计算管道上的最大挠度、转角、弯矩及确定出应力集中的危险受力区域。通过对该结果的研究，绘制相应关系曲线，为解决由于地基不均匀沉降引起的管道渗漏和爆管等问题提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

Different longitudinal distribution patterns of native white-spotted charr and non-native brown trout in Monbetsu stream, Hokkaido, northern Japan     

K. Hasegawa  K. Maekawa 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(1):189-192

Abstract  This study focused on longitudinal distribution patterns of native white-spotted charr and non-native brown trout in a mountainous stream in Hokkaido, Japan. Brown trout ratio, which is the proportion of brown trout in the catch of salmonids, was decreasing from downstream to upstream. Brown trout ratio correlated negatively with water temperature. Thus, our results suggested that temperature may influence the possible competition between native white-spotted charr and non-native brown trout.  相似文献   

东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作土壤侵蚀的对比分析     

桑琦明  王磊  郑粉莉 《水土保持学报》2020,34(3)

斜坡垄作是东北黑土区最普遍的垄作方式之一,但当前关于斜坡垄作对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响鲜见报道。为此,本研究基于室内模拟试验,设计2个降雨强度（50和100 mm/h）以及2种垄作方式（斜坡垄作和顺坡垄作）,分析东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作坡面土壤侵蚀的差异。结果表明：（1）在50和100 mm/h降雨强度下,斜坡垄作断垄前坡面侵蚀速率分别是顺坡垄作的0.46%和0.35%;但在45 min的降雨过程中,由于斜坡垄作发生断垄现象,造成50和100 mm/h两种降雨强度下斜坡垄作坡面侵蚀速率分别是顺坡垄作的1.24和1.03倍。（2）斜坡垄作径流强度和侵蚀速率随降雨历时的变化均从断垄开始发生突变。在50和100 mm/h降雨强度下,随着降雨历时的变化斜坡垄作断垄前的径流强度和侵蚀速率值均低于顺坡垄作,其平均径流强度分别为顺坡垄作的8.42%和3.75%、平均侵蚀速率分别为顺坡垄作的0.46%和0.35%,但斜坡垄作断垄后坡面径流和侵蚀速率明显增大,其平均径流强度分别为顺坡垄作的1.33和1.47倍、平均侵蚀速率分别是顺坡垄作的2.03和1.62倍。（3）在50和100 mm/h降雨强度下,斜坡垄作断垄前坡面径流量和侵蚀量存在显著的线性关系（P<0.01）,而断垄后两者的相关关系则不显著（P>0.05）;而顺坡垄作在两种降雨强度下坡面径流量和侵蚀量存在显著的线性关系。（4）在两种降雨强度下斜坡垄作坡面90%以上的径流泥沙均来自断垄后。因此,提高垄丘稳定性和防止断垄现象发生,是减少斜坡垄作坡面土壤侵蚀的关键所在。  相似文献   

基于VG-PENG收缩特征曲线与收缩各向异性的裂隙率估算模型     

王策  张展羽  曹德君  陈于  齐伟  马靓 《农业工程学报》2021,37(7):112-121

为量化农田裂隙发育程度,考虑脱湿过程中土壤孔隙在基质域、沉降域和裂隙域间转化,该研究提出基于土壤收缩特征和收缩各向异性的裂隙体积比率(裂隙率)关于含水率的预测模型。该模型包括3个子模型:改进VG型式的基质域收缩特征VG-PENG模型,描述收缩各向异性的几何因子Logistic模型,基于上述VG-PENG收缩特征模型和几何因子模型的裂隙率预测模型。通过土壤收缩试验和裂隙演化监测试验,采用图像处理技术提取裂隙数据,评价了该模型的优度及适用性。结果表明,VG-PENG收缩模型具有较好的连续性和明确的物理意义,可精确描述土壤收缩特征(R~20.98);该研究引入Logistic曲线描述土壤收缩几何因子,揭示了收缩过程中土壤横向开裂和纵向沉降的各向异性机理,提出了脱湿初期纵向沉降(几何因子趋近1)、中期主沉降-副开裂(几何因子处于1～3之间)、后期趋于稳定3个阶段,Logistic模型可精确描述收缩几何因子随含水率变化;基于VG-PENG收缩模型和Logistic几何因子模型,构建了裂隙率关于含水率的演化模型,该模型呈"S"型曲线,取决于土壤收缩属性及其各向异性特征,裂隙率模拟值和实测值吻合较好,呈显著水平(R~20.90,P0.001)。该研究裂隙率预测模型修正了土壤收缩各向异性在裂隙率估算中造成的误差,并突破性地将VG-PENG收缩特征曲线进一步推演并应用于裂隙率模拟,可方便、快捷地通过土壤收缩数据预测农田裂隙率随含水率演化规律,为膨缩土裂隙流研究提供理论依据和参数基础。  相似文献   

基于数据融合的玉米种子内部机械裂纹检测方法   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

张新伟  赵学观  张健东  焦维鹏  邵志刚  高连兴 《农业工程学报》2012,28(9):136-141

为深入研究玉米种子脱粒和输送等环节中产生的内部裂纹机理和检测技术,该文在体视显微检测基础上提出了基于融合技术的边缘检测方法。该方法采用改进的数学形态学方法和传统Sobel边缘检测算子对损伤玉米种子图像进行边缘检测,建立相应的融合规则,将2种方法检测出来的图像边缘进行基于小波变换的融合处理,并从新图像中提取玉米种子内部机械损伤的特征信息。结果表明,该检测方法结合了2种边缘检测方法的优点,有效提高了边缘检测准确性,在准确提取玉米种子内部裂纹特征同时能有效降低噪声,较单一边缘检测算法有更好的效果。  相似文献   

切-双纵流脱分装置试验研究与分析     

饶师任  陈树人  沈柳柳  刘超  肖君 《农机化研究》2017,(4):202-206

阐述了切-双纵轴流脱粒分离装置的结构组成及工作原理,基于切-双纵流联合收获机,以喂入量、切流滚筒间隙及滚筒转速为影响因子,脱粒破碎率及脱粒损失率为指标,进行田间性能试验,并利用极差分析分别对破碎率、脱粒损失率单影响因子进行分析。结果表明:对脱粒破碎率影响的主次因素为BCA,即切流滚筒转速纵轴流滚筒转速喂入量,最佳组合为切流滚筒间隙25/30mm、滚筒转速907/1 043r/min、喂入量10.2 kg/s;对脱粒损失率影响的主次因素为BAC,即切流滚筒间隙喂入量滚筒转速,最佳组合为切流滚筒间隙25/30mm、喂入量10.2kg/s、滚筒转速953/1 096r/min。  相似文献