Sulfur metabolism in Allium cepa is hardly affected by chloride and sulfate salinity     

Tahereh A. Aghajanzadeh  Martin Reich  Malcolm J. Hawkesford  Meike Burow 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):945-956

Salinity as a major agricultural problem can affect crop growth and quality. Onion (Allium cepa L.) plant contains a wide variety of sulfur-containing compounds which may be involved in plant protection against salt stress. In the current study, a similar reduction in growth caused by chloride and sulfate salts was observed when onion was exposed to equimolar concentrations of Na⁺. Also, no difference was observed for shoot/root ratio and dry matter content of roots and shoots. Plants accumulated Na⁺ and the respective anions (chloride and sulfate) which in turn caused changes in the content of other nutrients. The content of potassium and calcium was decreased more than the other elements by both sodium salts. Sulfate salinity resulted in substantial increase in total sulfur and sulfate content but chloride salinity affected neither the total sulfur nor sulfate content of the roots and shoots, only in onion exposed to 200 mM chloride salt, those of roots and shoots were reduced. Furthermore, the water-soluble non-protein thiol content as well as the content of alliin remained rather unaffected. In conclusion, either salts affected the uptake and distribution of sulfate in onion, but had no or only a minor effect on the plant sulfur metabolism.  相似文献   

Biofortification of onion bulb with selenium at different levels of sulfate     

Mohsen Mobini  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(3):269-277

In this research experiment, two commercial onion cultivars (Allium cepa L., cvs. Dorrcheh and Cebolla Valenciana) were grown in sand culture and exposed to two levels of selenium (Se) (0 and 25?µM) and two levels of sulfate (1 and 3?mM). According to the results obtained, addition of 25?µM Se in combination with 3?mM sulfate was not only effective in significant increase of onion bulb yield, but it significantly increased Se concentration of bulb. By considering the average consumption of onion in central Iran, the daily intake of Se via consumption of Se-biofortified onion is estimated to be 68.4–77.2?µg in spring and summer and 72.6–117.1?µg in fall and winter. These amounts of daily intakes of Se is higher than the sufficient levels of Se recommended by world health organization (WHO) but less than the maximum tolerable level of Se (400?µg Se per day) for human.  相似文献   

马铃薯复种大葱全程配方施肥技术研究     

李慎宏  何志刚  娄春荣 《园艺与种苗》2019,(2):9-11

[目的]基于辽西地区马铃薯生产过程中化肥用量过高、综合利用效率低下的现状,探索提高在辽西地区马铃薯复种大葱过程中的化肥利用效率的新方法。[方法]采用裂区大田试验,研究单膜种植马铃薯复种大葱全程测土配方施肥对作物产量及肥料利用率的影响。[结果]马铃薯产量数据、植株生理性状配方施肥处理要明显好于常规处理,配方施肥处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率均明显高于常规施肥处理;在上茬土壤养分明显养分积累基础上,大葱配方施肥处理在整个生育期氮、磷、钾的养分吸收比较合理,产量要明显好于常规施肥。[结论]从稳产,节约成本看,在试验施肥水平和技术配套条件下,全程配方施肥,是一种比较安全的减肥增效措施。  相似文献   

Effects of the commercial product based on Trichoderma harzianum on plant,bulb and yield characteristics of onion     

Sureyya Altintas  Ugur Bal 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

Effects of the commercial product TrichoFlow WP™ (Agrimm Technologies Ltd., New Zealand), based on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, on quality characteristics and yield of bulb onion was investigated. Bulb sets of the local cultivar Kantartopu was planted in soil with in and between row distances of 0.15 m and 0.40 m, respectively. The product, at considerably high dosages of 5 g m⁻², 10 g m⁻² and 15 g m⁻², was mixed with water and sprinkled once to the plots at planting. Analyses of data at harvest did not show statistical significance for Trichoderma effect on total bulb yield, bulb diameter, leaf length, number of shoot apex, %titratable acidity, number of internal (fleshy) leaves, number of external (papery) leaves, %soluble solids and %bulbs with diameters of 20–39 mm, 40–69 mm and ≥70 mm. The yields obtained from the plots treated with the dosages of 5 g m⁻², 10 g m⁻² and 15 g m⁻² and the control plots were 1063.7 kg da⁻¹, 1051.0 kg da⁻¹, 1066.5 kg da⁻¹ and 985.0 kg da⁻¹, respectively. Our results showed that high dosages of the Trichoderma product were not effective in enhancing onion bulb and yield characteristics under the given conditions.  相似文献   

利用茎尖离体嫁接获得大蒜体细胞嵌合体     

徐启江  陈青奇  陈典 《园艺学报》2008,35(1):65-70

以'阿城紫皮'大蒜和日本'福地六瓣'白皮大蒜鳞茎茎尖为接穗、鳞茎盘为砧木,利用离体茎尖微体嫁接技术,研究了大蒜体细胞嵌合体的培育,用RAPD分子标记技术进行了嵌合体的鉴定.结果表明:最佳生芽培养基为MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 2ip 0.4 mg·L-1;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS IBA 1.5 mg·L-1.嫁接成活率达16.00 %～26.67 %.利用引物OPF-16鉴定表明,白/紫、白·紫/紫、白·紫/白、紫/白4种嫁接方式获得了嵌合体.利用引物OPJ-12鉴定表明,紫/白嫁接方式获得了嵌合体,而引物OPE-05鉴定未能检测出亲本与嫁接苗之间的差异.  相似文献   

芦荟蒽醌类物质对紫外线照射下洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响     

王太霞  过治军  孙华  高玉霞  赵瑞飞 《北方园艺》2008,(12)

以大蒜和洋葱为试材,研究了用波长为308nm的UV-B辐射灯照射,不涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质;先涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,再进行UV-B照射;先进行UV-B照射,然后再涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,通过根尖压片法观察根尖细胞分裂过程等方式下洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响,根尖在自然条件下生长,不经UV-B辐射灯照射为对照(CK).结果表明:经紫外线照射过的洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞中出现了畸形核、染色体桥、落后染色体、游离染色体等异常现象.但先涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,然后进行UV-B照射的一组,根尖细胞中的异常现象明显减少.说明芦荟叶中的蒽醌类等次生代谢物质有屏蔽紫外线辐射、防止紫外线辐射伤害的功能.  相似文献   

天山天池二倍体棱叶蒜的开花动态及交配系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶远荣  林辰壹  刘梦婕  谢晶晶  马晓蓓  盛阳达 《园艺学报》2016,43(3):496-506

以分布于新疆天山天池的二倍体棱叶蒜(Allium caeruleum)为研究对象,观察记录了开花进程,测定其花粉活力和柱头可授性,并采用去雄、套袋、人工授粉等方法对其交配系统进行检测。结果表明:(1)伞形花序平均直径为(29.07±1.17)mm,花被片天蓝色,花期6—8月;两性花,平均小花数205.67±19.88个,密集,无株芽;小花开放历经弹头、张口、吐药、展开、抱合和萎蔫等过程,历时5~7 d;小花开放进程中花药和柱头间存在空间隔离,从第1枚花药伸出至6枚花药全部脱落以及柱头伸长至萎蔫各需要2~3 d;阴天比晴天分别延长散粉以及延迟柱头萎蔫0.5~1 d。棱叶蒜具有雄蕊先熟、雌雄异熟、雌雄异位以及吸引昆虫避免自交的花部特征。(2)花药开裂散粉4 h时花粉活力最强(79.23%±1.97%的花粉具有活力),36 h后降至很低,属于短寿命花粉。(3)联苯胺—过氧化氢和MTT法检测柱头可授性;花丝、花柱等长期部分柱头开始具有可授性,花丝、花柱合拢期至花丝萎蔫期柱头可授性最强。同一朵花雄蕊和雌蕊的可育期存在部分时间重叠,防止了杂交失败。(4)单花花粉量为31 275±3 651,胚珠数6,P/O值为5 212±608;杂交指数OCI为5;无自发的自花传粉现象,不存在风媒传粉和无融合生殖;倾向于异交为主、自交可育,具备兼性异交并需要传粉媒介的混合交配系统的特征。天山天池二倍体棱叶蒜还以种子休眠、鳞芽无性繁殖的生殖补偿方式保证特殊地理环境下的种群繁衍。  相似文献   

Heritability estimates and progeny testing of phenotypic selections for soluble solids content in dehydrator onion     

Arthur D. Wall  Joe N. Corgan 《Euphytica》1999,106(1):7-13

Soluble solids comprise most of onion bulb dry mass, and dehydrator onion cultivars are developed from breeding populations that have high dry mass content. Realized and narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for the soluble solids content (SSC) trait in two open-pollinated dehydrator onion breeding populations (BP) using response to selection and half-sib family analysis. Parental populations, designated as BP9335-U and BP9243-U, were derived from two-way crosses of lines advanced as open- pollinated (OP) populations to the F7 or F_6 generation, respectively. BP9335-U had one previous selection cycle for increased SSC and BP9243-U had three SSC selection cycles. In these experiments, parental populations were screened again for high SSC, and selected bulbs were intermated to form half-sib progeny groups, designated as BP9335-S and BP9243-S. Mean SSC was increased by 6.6% and a realized heritability estimate of 0.64 was obtained for BP9335-S. Mean SSC was increased by 6.3% and a realized heritability estimate of 0.36 was obtained for BP9243-S. Narrow-sense heritability estimates of 0.58 ±0.05 and 0.30 ±0.03 were obtained for parental populations BP9335-U and BP9243-U, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability estimates of 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.63 ± 0.23 were obtained for progeny populations derived from selected high-SSC bulbs of these lines (BP9335-S and BP9243-S), respectively, indicating that there is significant additive genetic control of the SSC trait in these populations. Significant differences in half-sib family performance in the advanced groups BP9335-S and BP9243-S demonstrate that progeny testing was effective for evaluating phenotypic selections. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Chromosome banding in three south Italian species of Allium section Allium (Alliaceae)     

Saverio D'Emerico  Domenico Pignone 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(1):33-40

The karyotypes of southern Italian samples of three species of the genus Allium L. belonging to the section Allium, were analyzed using Feulgen staining and C-banding techniques. Karyomorphological affinities and C-banding patterns clearly denote close phyletic relationships between A. commutatum Guss., A. ampeloprasum L. and A. atroviolaceum Boiss. Nevertheless, the karyotypes of the two tetraploid species revealed notable differences in the amount and distribution of C-banded heterochromatin. Marker chromosomes were identified which helped tracing evolutionary relationships among the three taxa considered. The results of morphological and karyological examinations allow the proposition of a possible phyletic pathway between the diploid species A. commutatum and the tetraploid ones A. ampeloprasum and A. atroviolaceum. The latter species seems to be particularly well adapted to southern Italian environments and might therefore contribute useful traits to closely related crops, such as leeks.  相似文献   

蒙古韭种子发芽特性初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张美莉  高聚林  隋艳杰 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(1)

试验研究了温度、发芽床对野生蒙古韭种子萌发的影响,蒙古韭种子发芽的适宜温度是２０～２５°Ｃ;蒙古韭种子适宜恒温发芽;在纸床上的发芽速度大于砂床。  相似文献