溢多酶对产蛋鸡日粮潜在营养价值的研究          下载免费PDF全文

袁玖  姚军虎  万欣杰  陈新科 《西北农业学报》2005,14(6):21-24

对60只270日龄罗曼褐蛋鸡进行两期代谢试验.每期将所有参试鸡随机等分为4个处理,每处理5重复,每重复3只.试验日粮为在相同的豆粕型或杂粕型基础日粮中分别添加0、120、150和180 g/t溢多利浓缩微丸酶,分别形成A、B、C、D 4组.结果表明:纯豆粕型日粮中,蛋白质和能量表观代谢率各组间差异不显著,但处理组比对照组都有改善的趋势(P＞0.05),但在统计意义上,不能计算其潜在营养价值.杂粕型日粮中,添加酶150和180 g/t两组的蛋白质和能量表观代谢率都显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其它各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).杂粕型日粮中添加150 g/t酶制剂的潜在营养价值:1kg溢多利浓缩微丸酶相当于39.58 kg表观可消化粗蛋白和2.22 Mj/kg表观可代谢能.  相似文献   

不同质地土壤玉米根际生物活性研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

李潮海  王小星  王群  郝四平 《中国农业科学》2007,40(2):412-418

【目的】明确不同质地土壤（砂壤、中壤、重壤）玉米生育期间根际微生物（细菌、放线菌、真菌）数量与酶（脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶）活性的变化。【方法】采用池栽方式，以掖单22为材料，研究不同质地土壤的玉米根际微生物数量和酶活性变化，并进行相关分析。【结果】玉米播种前，砂壤中的微生物数量最多，重壤中最少；重壤中的酶活性最高，砂壤最低。3种土壤玉米根际生物活性的动态变化呈抛物线，吐丝期达最大值，此后逐渐下降。吐丝期，3种质地土壤玉米根际微生物数量均表现为中壤最多，重壤最少；5种酶活性均表现为中壤最大，砂壤最小。成熟期，玉米根际土壤细菌与放线菌表现为中壤中数量最多，重壤最少，真菌则表现为中壤最多，砂壤最少; 过氧化氢酶活性表现为重壤最高，砂壤最低，脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、转化酶表现为中壤中活性最高，砂壤最低。【结论】玉米根际生物活性受玉米生长发育进程和土壤质地的双重影响。  相似文献   

酶制剂对13～17日龄滩羊消化膨化大豆粉能力的影响     

刘善庭  王永军  田秀娥  陈亮  黄玉邦 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(27):8492-8493,8495

试验采用单因子随机分组设计,将20只4日龄、健康无病、体重相近的滩羊公羔随机分为A、B、C、D 4个处理,5次重复。处理A,对照组,饲喂膨化大豆粉;处理B,膨化大豆粉+中性蛋白酶5000 U/kg;处理C,膨化大豆粉+α-淀粉酶4000 U/kg;处理D,膨化大豆粉+脂肪酶4000 U/kg。采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,分析测定13~17日龄滩羊羔羊对膨化大豆粉中干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪及无氮浸出物的表观消化率。试验结果表明:添加酶制剂可不同程度地提高羔羊对膨化大豆粉中干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和无氮浸出物的表观消化率。其中5000 U/kg中性蛋白酶组粗蛋白表观消化率较对照组、淀粉酶组和脂肪酶组分别提高了8.45、6.66和6.68个百分点,差异均显著(P<0.05);4000 U/kgα-淀粉酶组无氮浸出物表观消化率较对照组、蛋白酶组和脂肪酶组分别提高了5.66、6.88和6.54个百分点,差异均显著(P<0.05);4000 U/kg脂肪酶组粗脂肪表观消化率较对照组、蛋白酶组和淀粉酶组分别提高了4.73、4.13和4.88个百分点,差异均显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

水稻几丁质酶的表达及其酶学基本性质     

吴仲  阎瑞香  刘兴华 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(7):2018-2020

利用甲醇诱导重组Pichia pastoris在发酵罐中表达几丁质酶,在发酵过程中根据溶氧变化控制甲醇流加速度.结果显示,蛋白表达量随菌体密度的增加而增加,酶活最高达56 U/ml.该几丁质酶具有良好的耐热性和pH适应性,在pH 2.0和pH 5.0有2个最适反应pH;在pH 3.0稳定性最好;40 ℃为其最适反应温度;在60 ℃保温3 h仍保持81%的酶活性;该几丁质酶对病原菌生长有一定程度抑制作用.  相似文献   

根癌农杆菌Ⅵ型分泌系统关键组分ClpⅤ型ATPase基因表达及活性位点分析     

蔺晓丽  徐胜娟  刘应保  郭建春  王瑶 《广西农业生物科学》2011,30(2):136-144

细菌Ⅵ型分泌系统（type Ⅵ secretion system,T6SS）是近年发现的一种分布广泛且与细菌致病性密切相关的新型分泌系统,ClpⅤ型ATPase是不同细菌T6SS中均含有的关键保守组分,据推测可能为底物蛋白的分泌提供动力,但对其生化功能尚未进行深入鉴定。在本研究中,我们克隆了根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）C58中的ClpⅤ型ATPase基因atu4344并在大肠杆菌中表达,酶学检测证实了其ATPase活性,定点突变分析发现K232/608和E299/675突变体均丧失ATPase活性,表明Walker A模体和Walker B模体与其活性密切相关。这是首次对植物病原细菌T6SS中的ClpⅤ型ATPase进行生化鉴定和突变分析研究。  相似文献   

辣椒黄绿苗不育系叶片光合色素变化及酶活性研究     

马志虎  王浩挺  韦武青  言燕华 《中国瓜菜》2011,24(5)

研究了辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)黄绿苗胞质雄性不育系(YBM-A6)、保持系(YBM-B6)及绿苗(96-140)的叶绿素变化及叶片酶活性。从幼苗期到成株期三者的叶绿素含量呈逐步增加的变化趋势,绿苗叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜含量都远高于黄绿苗,但黄绿苗叶片叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素(a+b)(除结果期外)的比值都远大于绿苗。黄绿苗叶片中游离脯氨酸含量均高于绿苗,但其含量变化趋势相同;黄绿苗叶片中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性变化趋势与绿苗相同;YBM-A6叶片过氧化氢酶活性均低于其保持系YBM-B6,过氧化物酶活性则高于其保持系,超氧化物歧化酶活性在开花结果盛期明显高于保持系YBM-B6和96-140。说明叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量和变化与辣椒黄绿苗的叶色变化有关,酶活性变化可能与黄绿苗胞质雄性不育系YBM-A6的不育有关。  相似文献   

不同解磷菌群对油菜土壤养分与酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

洪坚平  郝晶  毕理智  谢英荷  刘冰 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(5):51-54

利用盆栽油菜的二因素完全随机区组设计,研究了北方石灰性土壤上施用不同解磷菌群对土壤速效养分及土壤磷酸酶、脲酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同解磷菌群施入不同P素水平土壤中,油菜整个生育期内都能不同程度地提高土壤速效养分和土壤酶活性;土壤磷酸酶活性则随P素水平增高而降低,即低P水平下磷酸酶活性较强;施用菌肥土壤磷酸酶活性高于不施用菌肥处理,施与不施菌肥处理间脲酶活性在苗期及低P水平下差异显著。  相似文献   

Organic matter accumulation and fertilizer-induced acidification interact to affect soil microbial and enzyme activity on a long-term sugarcane management experiment     

M. H. Graham  R. J. Haynes 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(4):249-256

The effects of crop residue management and fertilizer applications on the size and activity of the microbial community and the activity of exocellular enzymes involved in mineralization of C, N, P and S were examined on a long-term (60 years) field trial under sugarcane situated at Mount Edgecombe, South Africa. Treatments at the site included pre-harvest burning with harvest residues removed (B), burning with harvest residues (unburnt tops) left on the soil surface (B_t) and green cane harvesting with retention of a trash blanket (T). Plots were either fertilized annually with N, P and K or unfertilized. The size and activity of the microbial community and the activity of soil enzymes assayed increased with increasing inputs of crop residues (B < B_t < T) and this effect was evident to a depth of 30 cm. The metabolic quotient was decreased by inputs of both crop residues and fertilizers. Annual fertilizer additions did not affect basal respiration, increased fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis rate and acid phosphatase, invertase and protease activities and decreased arginine ammonification rate and dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and histidase activities. These effects were attributed to an interaction between the positive effect of fertilizer in increasing the size of the microbial biomass and the negative effect of fertilizer-N-induced soil acidification on microbial activity and on the activity of exocellular enzymes. Such results demonstrate the importance of using a range of measurements of microbial and enzyme activity when determining the effects of management on soil microbial and biochemical properties.  相似文献   

Arylsulfatase activity in soil and soil extracts using natural and artificial substrates     

J. K. Whalen  P. R. Warman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,22(4):373-378

The arylsulfatase activity of soil and humic arylsulfatase complexes extracted from soil were measured using the substrates p-nitrophenyl sulfate and low molecular weight (500–10000) soil ester sulfate compounds. Soil samples from the Aphorizon of a Podzol from S-amended wheat plots and a Regosol from dykeland hayfield plots were investigated. Soil arylsulfatase activity (assayed with p-nitrophenyl sulfate) in the fall was significantly higher than spring samples; however, no seasonal differences were observed when humic-arylsulfatase complexes were assayed with p-nitrophenyl sulfate. The discrepancy between arylsulfatase activity in soil and soil extracts was probably due to inhibitors which were found in soil materials. These results appear to support the theory that abiotic arylsulfatase is a relatively stable and persistent component of soil. There was a marked difference in the response by humic-arylsulfatase complexes to the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl sulfate and natural low molecular weight soil substrates. Humic-arylsulfatase complexes hydrolysed 35–80% of added low molecular weight substrates depending on the treatment. The molecular size, concentration, and chemical composition of the low molecular weight ester sulfate compounds affected hydrolysis of the low molecular weight substrates. The response by humic-arylsulfatase complexes to the chromogenic ester sulfate, p-nitrophenyl sulfate did not reflect the ability of these complexes to hydrolyse natural soil substrates. In an experiments we examined arylsulfatase activity and soil S status in relation to the total S in plant tissue and grain from wheat plants grown in the Podzol. Tissue S was more strongly associated with soil S than the wheat grain. Hydriodic acid-S, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂-extractable sulfate, and hydrolysable ester sulfates in the high molecular weight (>10000) and low molecular weight (500–10000) fractions of soil organic matter extracts were strongly positively correlated with tissue S. Arylsulfatase activity in soil and humic-arylsulfatase extracts assayed with p-nitrophenyl sulfate were also strongly correlated with tissue S, while humic-arylsulfatase activity assayed with the low molecular weight substrate was negatively correlated with tissue S.  相似文献   

The effect of surface growth of blue-green algae and bryophytes on some microbiological,biochemical, and physical soil properties   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D. L. N. Rao  R. G. Burns 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(3):239-244

Summary The influence of surface growth of inoculated cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) on subsurface properties of a brown earth, silt loam soil was studied in reconstituted flooded soil columns. One blue-green algae species, Nostoc muscorum, become dominant within the first 7 days of inoculation. In light control columns (not inoculated) a bryophyte, Barbula recurvirostra, was dominant although significant growth of indigenous blue-green algae occurred. The blue-green algae counts were in the range of 1×10⁶ g^-1 dry soil in the surface layer (0–0.7 cm) in both columns. Any effect of surface phototrophic growth on soil properties was restricted to the surface layer. In inoculated columns there was a twofold increase in microbial biomass and an eightfold increase in bacterial numbers by week 13. However, bacterial numbers declined so that there was only a 2.8-fold increase by week 21. Dehydrogenase (x2.1), urease (x2.8) and phosphatase (x3.1) activities and polysaccharides (+69%) increased by week 21 as a result of the blue-green algae inoculation along with a significant improvement in soil aggregation. However, similar increases occurred in the light control columns, indicating that given appropriate conditions of light and moisture indigenous species may be ultimately as effective as introduced species in bringing about biochemical and microbiological changes to soil.  相似文献