抗菌肽的结构与功能研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马珦玻  张玉明  倪志华  周艳芬 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(23):10878-10880

抗菌肽是一种具有抗菌、抗病毒的天然活性物质。在基础理论研究领域,抗菌肽是研究生物大分子结构的重要材料。同时,其独特的生物抗菌活性又在医药工业具有广阔的应用前景。抗菌肽的结构组成与其生物活性密切相关。以3类典型抗菌肽为例,阐述多肽结构对于生理功能的重要性,以展示抗菌肽重要的理论及应用价值。  相似文献   

桔小实蝇抗菌肽Bactrocerin-2的分离纯化与鉴定     

党向利  田金环  易辉玉  柴一秋 《热带作物学报》2012,33(3):556-561

采用阳离子交换层析、RP-FPLC及RP-HPLC分离纯化技术,从细菌诱导的桔小实蝇蛹中分离鉴定出桔小实蝇抗菌肽Bactrocerin-1的同系物Bactrocerin-2。结果表明：Bactrocerin-2含有20个氨基酸残基,分子量为2 311.51 u,序列为VTKTWIKVIRGIGKSKIKWA;并且Bactrocerin-2与Bactrocerin-1的相似性极高,氨基酸同源性达到90％;该肽与鞘翅目Coleoptericin C-末端的20个氨基酸也具有较高的相似性。氨基酸组成分析结果表明,该肽是一种疏水、带正电荷的抗菌肽。该研究将有助于对昆虫天然免疫反应的认知,并为设计有效的抗菌分子奠定基础。  相似文献   

大豆灰斑病菌菌丝块离体叶接种快速鉴定方法的建立     

张彪  黄军艳  刘胜毅  赵美霞  汪承刚  董彩华 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(21):12714-12718,12723

[目的]建立一种室内可重复、快速准确鉴定大豆对灰斑病抗性的方法。[方法]利用大豆灰斑病1号和7号生理小种及6种不同抗性的大豆品种为材料,研究并建立了大豆灰斑病抗性的菌丝块接种快速鉴定方法。[结果]在28℃、12h光照与12h黑暗交替的条件下,Minimal培养基生长的菌丝块接种抗感大豆叶片,菌斑面积明显不同,且鉴定结果与已知抗感品种报道的灰斑病抗性一致。[结论]菌丝块离体叶接种鉴定具有不受生育期和环境条件限制、可重复性强的特点,是大豆灰斑病抗性室内鉴定的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

农产品中农药残留检测技术研究进展和发展方向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾鑫  柏连阳 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(26):16465-16467

综述了近年来农产品中农药残留检测技术的研究进展,包括农药残留分析中的样品前处理技术,农药残留检测技术———仪器分析技术和速测技术,指出农产品中农残检测技术正朝着简单、快速、便利、准确、高效和环保的方向发展。  相似文献   

不同溶剂提取的薄荷浸提物的抑菌效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘锐  莫倩美 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(6):3291-3293,3297

[目的]研究不同溶剂提取的薄荷（HERBA MENTHAE HAPLOCLYCIS）浸提物的抑菌效果,以期为优化薄荷提取工艺,减少2次污染,为薄荷进一步开发利用提供新途径。[方法]采用琼脂扩散法测定不同溶剂提取的薄荷浸提物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌活性。[结果]不同溶剂提取的薄荷浸提物对4种指示菌均具有的明显的抑菌作用;不同溶剂提取的薄荷浸提物的抑菌能力也不同,其中无水乙醇的薄荷浸提物的抑菌效果最好;薄荷浸提物的抑菌能力受到菌种的影响,相同的薄荷浸提物对不同菌种的抑制能力并不相同。[结论]用无水乙醇的薄荷浸提物的抑菌效果最好。  相似文献   

Antioxidant,ethylene and membrane leakage responses to powdery mildew infection of near-isogenic barley lines with various types of resistance     

Borbála D. Harrach  József Fodor  Miklós Pogány  Jutta Preuss  Balázs Barna 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(1):21-33

Leaves of powdery mildew-susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid) and related near-isogenic lines bearing various resistance genes (Mla12, Mlg or mlo5) were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race A6. Fungal attack induced several-fold increases in ethylene emission and electrolyte leakage in leaves of susceptible Ingrid beginning 3 days after inoculation. Activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes were induced markedly in susceptible leaves 5–7 days after inoculation. Similar, but less pronounced pathogen-induced changes were detected in inoculated leaves of Mla-type resistant plants that show hypersensitive cell death upon inoculation, and, to an even lesser extent, in the Mlg and mlo lines, where no visible symptoms accompanied the incompatible interaction. Glutathione content increased only in susceptible barley 7 days after inoculation. Catalase activity, total ascorbate content and redox state were not influenced by inoculation in any of the genotypes. The activity of dehydroascorbate reductase was significantly reduced 3–5 days after inoculation in the susceptible parental plants and after 5 days in Mla and Mlg lines, while it was stable in the mlo barley. Slightly elevated levels of H₂O₂ were observed in the inoculated resistant plants. In contrast, H₂O₂ content decreased in the susceptible line 7 days after pathogen attack. These data indicate that high levels of antioxidants are involved in the compatible interaction of susceptible barley and powdery mildew by protecting the pathogen from oxidative damage.  相似文献   

河南省部分地区鸡志贺氏菌病病原分离鉴定及药敏试验   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

杨永珍  许兰菊  张丹鹤  邓久虎  苗银萍  蒋大伟 《河南农业科学》2011,40(3):134-139

为了对河南省部分地区鸡志贺氏菌病的病原进行分离鉴定和药物敏感性调查,对河南省6个地区的鸡腹泻病病料进行了细菌学检查,经细菌分离培养、形态染色镜检、生化试验和动物试验,共分离鉴定出12株鸡源志贺氏菌。血清学试验结果显示,分离菌株存在种和型的差异,其中8株为福氏志贺氏菌,3株为鲍氏多价志贺氏菌,1株为痢疾Ⅱ型志贺氏菌。动物试验结果表明,分离的12株鸡志贺氏菌均具有致病性,且毒力不同,其中,从三门峡分离的菌株有很强的毒力,发病率和死亡率均为100%。药敏试验结果显示,大多数鸡志贺氏菌对氨苄/舒巴坦和阿米卡星较为敏感,对其他药物具有严重的耐药性,且不同地区分离的鸡志贺氏菌对药物的敏感性不同。  相似文献   

噬菌体展示技术在食品科学领域的应用进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

贺江 《中国农学通报》2014,30(24):303-309

分析概括了噬菌体展示技术在食品科学领域的几个热点应用方向。在食品安全检测领域,噬菌体展示技术可作为一种高效的抗体（或其它亲和配体）制备技术应用于免疫学快速检测技术的建立;也可以用于抗原表位筛选,制备有毒检测对象的替代品,进而建立食品安全无毒检测技术。在食品加工领域,噬菌体展示技术除可以通过制备抗体应用于食品加工干扰物质的检测与消除外,还可以用于酶的定向进化改造,进而为食品工业提供适宜的酶制剂。此外,噬菌体展示技术在食品功能因子制备、新型食品防腐剂生产等领域也同样可以发挥其优势。  相似文献   

抗菌肽对母猪生产性能及仔猪生长性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘红健徐雅萍  倪涌城韩秀萍张云华  蒋苏兰王玉龙 《农学学报》2014,4(8):77-80

为观察抗菌肽对母猪生产性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。试验于母猪预产期前30天开始在饲料中添加0.3%抗菌肽,观察母猪产仔及仔猪的健康状况。结果表明：试验组与对照组相比：死胎率降低了33.3%、木乃伊率降低100%、初生成活率提高6.0 %、初生平均头重提高1.3%、窝平均存活数提高32.1%、断奶成活率提高3.3%、断奶平均头重提高25.1%、平均净增重提高32.8%。说明抗菌肽饲料添加剂可有效提高母猪的生产性能和哺乳仔猪的生长性能。  相似文献   

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Pigeons from Public Parks in Costa Rica          下载免费PDF全文

K. Blanco‐Peña  F. Esperón  A. M. Torres‐Mejía  A. de la Torre  E. de la Cruz  M. Jiménez‐Soto 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(7):e23-e30

Antimicrobial resistance is known to be an emerging problem, but the extent of the issue remains incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of nine resistance genes (bla_TEM, catI, mecA, qnrS, sulI, sulII, tet(A), tet(Q), vanA) in the faeces of 141 pigeons from four urban parks in Alajuela, Guadalupe, Tres Ríos and San José in Costa Rica. The genes were identified by real‐time PCR directly from enema samples. About 30% of the samples were positive for genes catI and sulI; between 13% and 17% were positive for qnrS, sulII, tet(A) and tet(Q); and 4% were positive for bla_TEM. The mecA and vanA genes were not detected. The average of antimicrobial resistance genes detected per pigeon was 2. Eight different patterns of resistance were identified, without differences in the sampling areas, being the most common pattern 2 (sulII positive samples). During rainy season, the genes more frequently found were sulI and tet(A). In conclusion, the urban inhabiting pigeons tested are currently carrying antimicrobial resistance genes, potentially acting as reservoirs of resistant bacteria and vectors to humans. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study carried out on direct detection of resistance genes in the digestive metagenomes of pigeons.  相似文献