Role of Testa, Cotyledons and Embryonic Axis in Seed Dormancy of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)     

A. Bandyopadhyay  P. C. Nautiyal  T. Radhakrishnan  H. K. Gor 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(1):37-41

Experiments were carried out during winter–summer (January–June) season to understand the role of seed testa, cotyledons and embryonic axis in imparting dormancy of some groundnut cultivars belonging to different habit groups. Crop was harvested at four maturity stages; 90, 100, 110 and 121 days after emergence (DAE). After drying the pods in shade for 2 days, the germination of seeds with (GST) and without (GSW) testa in rolled germination towels and seeds, and embryonic axes (GEM) in culture media from individual plants of a cultivar was studied. Seed testa played an important role in imparting dormancy followed by the cotyledons, and embryonic axis. However, the nature of dormancy of embryonic axis appeared to be different from that of the testa and cotyledons. Results suggested that the dormancy in groundnut is regulated mainly by testa (a maternal tissue) in the Spanish type, but by cotyledons, and embryonic axis (both zygotic tissue) as well as testa in Virginia types. Thus the genetic control of seed dormancy in groundnut appears to be quantitative in nature.  相似文献   

利用RIL群体和自然群体检测与花生含油量相关的SSR标记     

黄莉  赵新燕  张文华  樊志明  任小平  廖伯寿  姜慧芳  陈玉宁 《作物学报》2011,37(11):1967-1974

以远杂9102×中花5号杂交后代衍生的重组近交系F₈代家系为材料，在含油量测试的基础上，选用10份低油材料(平均含油量52.91%)、12份高油材料(平均含油量58.85%)以及亲本进行SSR引物筛选，通过631对SSR引物扩增，筛选出来源于7对引物的13个有显著差异的片段可以有效区分低油材料和高油材料。以这7对差异引物在F₈ RIL群体中扩增，对20份低油家系材料(含油量<55%)和45份高油家系材料(含油量>56%)进行统计分析，获得1个与花生含油量相关的分子标记2A5-250/240，其中，标记2A5-250为低油材料(含油量<55%)所拥有，相符率为95.0%，标记2A5-240为高油材料(含油量>56%)所拥有，相符率为88.9%。用SSR标记2A5-250/240检测11份高油(平均含油量为55.93%)栽培种花生和11份低油(平均含油量为48.41%)栽培种花生，结果表明，标记2A5-240与高油栽培种花生的符合率为63.6%，2A5-250与低油栽培种花生的符合率为90.9%。在19份高油(平均含油量为58.60%)野生花生中，10份野生花生能检测到标记2A5-240。综合分析RIL群体和自然群体的研究结果表明，标记2A5-250/240可用于花生含油量分子标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

花生二倍体野生种Arachis duranensis和A. ipaensis新种间杂种的创制及鉴定     

杜培  王倩  刘华  付留洋  秦利  徐静  张忠信  李晨玉  董文召  黄冰艳  张新友 《中国油料作物学报》2022,44(3):515

野生种Arachis duranensis（AA）和A. ipaensis（BB）是花生栽培种最可能的二倍体祖先种,而其合成的四倍体是研究花生起源与进化的重要材料。本研究利用A. duranensis系（PI 497262）和A. ipaensis（PI 468322）,通过杂交、组织培养、寡核苷酸探针染色荧光原位杂交（OS FISH）和基因组原位杂交（GISH）技术创制和鉴定了一个新的种间杂种W1824,进一步对其花粉育性、减数分裂行为和表型性状进行分析,发现W1824花粉高度不育,染色体平均构型为0.5 III + 3.5 II + 11.5 I,主茎高、侧枝长和叶面积均表现出超亲优势。表明PI 497262和PI 468322具有较高的杂交亲和性,暗示由上述两个系合成的四倍体花生可能具有显著高于亲本的生物产量和不稳定的染色体遗传方式。  相似文献   

Morphological, cytological and disease resistance studies of the intersectional hybrid between Arachis hypogaea L. and A. glabrata Benth.     

Nalini Mallikarjuna  D.C. Sastri 《Euphytica》2002,126(2):161-167

Arachis glabrata Benth, variety glabrata collector GK 10596 (PI276233; ICG 8176) belonging to section Rhizomatosae has resistance to rust, late leaf spot and viral diseases. A. hypogaea L. cv MK 374 (section Arachis) is susceptible to rust, late leaf spot and to the viral diseases peanut stripe, peanut mottle and peanut bud necrosis. Hybrids between A. hypogaea cv MK 374 and A. glabrata were produced after inter specific pollinations and embryo culture. The hybrids produced had morphological characters of both parents plus floral abnormalities not seen in either parent. It was possible to identify the hybrids by esterase isozyme analysis when still in culture. Cytological research showed variable chromosome association and also homeology between the genomes of A. hypogaea and A. glabrata. The hybrids inherited resistance to rust, late leaf spot, peanut bud necrosis and peanut stripe diseases from the pollen parent A. glabrata. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The genomes of Arachis hypogaea 2. The implications in interspecific breeding     

J. Smartt  W. C. Gregory  M. Pfluge Gregory 《Euphytica》1978,27(3):677-680

Summary The existence of structural differentiation between genomes in section Arachis of the genus Arachis has important implications in the utilization of diploid wild species in this section as a germplasm resource. Maximum expression of desirable characters may not be achieved unless tetrasomic dose levels can be achieved. Possible breeding strategies discussed include natural and induced gene exchange between genomes and chromosome substitution which could be brought about by manipulation of ploidy level and where appropriate the use of ionizing radiation. Such strategies could be tested in the improvement of resistance to the Cercospora leafspots.Paper number 5561 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station, Raleigh, NC 27650.  相似文献   

Genetic Variation for Regenerative Response in Immature Leaflet Cultures of the Cultivated Peanut,Arachis hypogaea*     

M. H. Seitz  H. T. Stalker  C. C. Green 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(2):104-110

Forty-seven genotypes of the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., were screened for regenerative responses of immature leaflet cultures on two media varying in the auxin: cytokinin ratio. Statistical analysis revealed significant media and genotype differences for rhizogenesis plus media differences for callus proliferation but no differences for shoot formation. When genotypes were categorized according to botanical types, differences between subspecies were observed for rhizogenesis. Cultivars of the Virginia botanical type (subspecies hypogaea) were significantly different from either the Valencia or Spanish botanical types (both subspecies fastigiata). Overall, rhizogenesis varied from 0 to 70% among all genotypes. Shoot production was low (30%) while callus proliferation was extremely high (70%).  相似文献   

Inheritance of albinism in certain interspecific and intersubspecific crosses in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)     

S. L. Dwivedi  S. N. Nigam  S. K. Pandey  R. W. Gibbons 《Euphytica》1984,33(3):705-708

Summary A study of the several interspecific and inter-subspecific crosses indicated that albinism in groundnut is recessive and in these crosses is controlled by triplicate recessive loci.ICRISAT Paper No. JA-336  相似文献   

Mature plant and tissue resistance in the groundnut-peanut bud necrosis virus system     

A. A. M. Buiel  J. E. Parlevliet 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):213-217

Summary Leaves and plants of different ages of a susceptible and two resistant groundnut genotypes were mechanically inoculated with peanut bud necrosis virus, and the percentage of plants with systemic symptoms (incidence) and the incubation period were determined. The incidence decreased sharply in all three genotypes with the age of the inoculated leaves and plants. The incubation period increased with the age of leaves and plants. Apparently, only young tissue of young plants is susceptible, while mature tissue and plants are highly resistant. This mature tissue and plant resistance occurs irrespective of the susceptibility level of the genotype to peanut bud necrosis virus, however, it develops earlier in the resistant than in the susceptible genotypes.Abbreviations IP₅₀ incubation period - PBNV peanut bud necrosis virus - TSWV tomato spotted wilt virus  相似文献   

花生根瘤菌对微量元素耐性的筛选     

陈远学  徐开未  张小平  庞孝勇  连素芳  郭辉权 《中国土壤与肥料》2007,(4):76-79

在YMA平板上对18株分离自四川的慢生型花生根瘤菌进行Fe、Co、Zn、B、Mo、pH的耐性实验。结果表明,在柠檬酸铁、钼酸铵浓度为0.50%时供试菌株均能生长,当柠檬酸铁浓度增至1%时有22%的供试菌株能正常生长,当钼酸铵浓度增至0.6%时有11%的菌株能正常生长;在硼酸浓度为0.05%时所有菌株生长受抑制或不生长;在硫酸锌或硫酸钴浓度为0.025%时分别有50%或28%的菌株能正常生长,当浓度增至0.075%时,供试菌株不生长或61%的菌株不生长。表明供试菌株对Fe、Mo的耐性较强,而对Co、Zn、B的耐性较弱;不同根瘤菌株对同一微量元素的耐性差异较大,同一根瘤菌对不同微量元素的耐性差异也较大。多数菌株在pH 6.0~8.0范围内生长正常,耐碱能力比耐酸能力强。因此,在研制"根瘤菌 微量元素"复配的根瘤菌剂时,微量元素不能随意复配,同时还需注意菌剂的pH。  相似文献   

平托花生在红壤果园的水土保持作用与综合利用研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

黄毅斌郑仲登  黄秀声陈恩应朝阳  唐龙飞 《水土保持学报》2004,18(6):30-33

果园套种平托花生具有良好的水土保持作用,连续4年定位测定表明,套种平托花生的果园发生地表径流38次,径流总量61t/hm2,无泥沙流失;而对照处理发生地表径流178次,径流总量2482 4t/hm2,流失泥沙42 26t/hm2。平托花生还有改善土壤理化性状的作用,果园套种平托花生3年后,0～20cm的土壤容重为0 98g/cm3,土壤空隙度25 73%,土壤含水量22 5%;而对照分别为1 06g/cm3,18 6%,21 5%。套种平托花生3年后土壤pH值从5 12提高到6 25,酸性改善;有机质从15 26g/kg提高为19 30g/kg;全氮从0 79g/kg提高到1 04g/kg;全磷从0 25g/kg提高为0 30g/kg;但全钾从23 23g/kg下降到19 64g/kg。平托花生营养丰富、适口性好。以平托花生喂养肉兔,平均日增重为21 67g,高于饲喂野生杂草(10 73g)。平托花生以扦插繁殖为主,采用10cm×10cm的扦插距离,在山地(有机质5g/kg)30天后覆盖度达到49%,45天达到87%,60天达到91%;而园地(有机质15g/kg)30天就可以达到80%。采用20cm×20cm的扦插距离,山地需75天达到80%的覆盖,园地75天达到89%。  相似文献