Climatic conditions and crop‐residue quality differentially affect N,P, and S mineralization in soils with contrasting P status     

Bachitter S. Kabba  Milkha S. Aulakh 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(5):596-601

The substitution of the widely practiced crop‐residue burning by residue incorporation in the subtropical zone requires a better understanding of factors determining nutrient mineralization. We examined the effect of three temperature (15°C, 30°C, and 45°C) and two moisture regimes (60% and 90% water‐filled pore space (WFPS)) on the mineralization‐immobilization of N, P, and S from groundnut (Arachis hypogae) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) residues (4 t ha^–1) in two soils with contrasting P fertility. Crop‐residue mineralization was differentially affected by incubation temperature, soil aeration status, and residue quality. Only the application of groundnut residues (low C : nutrient ratios) resulted in a positive net N and P mineralization within 30 days of incubation, while net N and P immobilization was observed with rapeseed residues. Highest N and P mineralization and lowest N and P immobilization occurred at 45°C under nearly saturated soil conditions. Especially net P mineralization was significantly higher in nearly saturated than in aerobic soils. In contrast, S mineralization was more from rapeseed than from groundnut residues and higher in aerobic than in nearly saturated soil. The initial soil P content influenced the mineralization of N and P, which was significantly higher in the soil with a high initial P fertility (18 mg P (kg soil)^–1) than in the soil with low P status (8 mg P (kg soil)^–1). Residue‐S mineralization was not affected by soil P fertility. The findings suggest that climatic conditions (temperature and rainfall‐induced changes in soil aeration status) and residue quality determine N‐ and S‐mineralization rates, while the initial soil P content affects the mineralization of added residue N and P. While the application of high‐quality groundnut residues is likely to improve the N supply to a subsequent summer crop (high temperature) under aerobic and the P supply under anaerobic soil condition, low‐quality residues (rapeseed) may show short‐term benefits only for the S nutrition of a following crop grown in aerobic soil.  相似文献   

花生黄曲霉抗性与类受体蛋白激酶的相关性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

严海燕  宗成志  景聪慧  单世华 《华北农学报》2011,26(4):198-201

LRR类受体激酶RH4基因在花生黄曲霉敏感品种发育种子的种皮中上调表达.基于这类受体激酶多由于序列的变异导致抗性的变异,笔者将数据库中花生抗黄曲霉和敏感品种相似基因编码的蛋白进行序列比较分析,发现抗性品种与敏感品种的类似蛋白序列有很大差别.用荧光定量PCR方法对抗性品种KB153与敏感品种JH1012发育中不同时期的果...  相似文献   

落花生,扁豆,黑大豆,绿豆和豇豆的生药学显微鉴定     

韩梅  樊绍钵 《吉林农业大学学报》1992,14(4):30-33

本文记述了落花生、扁豆、黑大豆、绿豆、豇豆的显微特征,结果表明,5种药材的显微特征清楚,差异也比较明显。  相似文献   

边缘热带蔓花生草坪杂草种类调查及化学防除     

刘金祥  陈款弟  罗凤冰  邓丽媚 《草原与草坪》2011,(5):12-15

为了解处于边缘热带的湛江市区蔓花生草坪的杂草现状,并提供有效的化学防除方法,首先采用样线法及随机抽样法,对各种杂草所占的比例和生物量进行调查;其次,采用样圈法调查各种杂草的频度;用3种除草剂分别喷洒,7d后观察杂草的变化。市区曼花生草坪杂草共有20科35种,其中,种类较多的是禾本科,菊科,茜草科,蓼科,苋科,酢浆草科等...  相似文献   

Competition among strains of Bradyrhizobium and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root infection and their effect on plant growth and yield     

P. T. C. Nambiar  V. Anjaiah 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,8(4):311-318

Summary Strains of Bradyrhizobium influenced root colonization by a species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and species of VAM influenced root nodulation by strains of Bradyrhizobium in pot experiments. In a field experiment, the effects of VAM on competition amongst inoculated bradyrhizobia were less evident, but inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strains increased root colonization by VAM. Certain VAM/Bradyrhizobium inoculum strain combinations produced higher nodule numbers. Plants grown without Bradyrhizobium and VAM, but supplied with ammonium nitrate (300 g ml^–1) and potassium phosphate (16 g ml^–1), produced higher dry-matter yields than those inoculated with both symbionts in the pot experiment. Inoculation with either symbiont in the field did not result in higher pod and haulm yields at harvest.ICRISAT Journal Article No. 886  相似文献   

Ontogenic variation in nitrogen fixation and accumulation of nitrogen in mungbean,blackgram, cowpea,and groundnut   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Senaratne  D. S. Ratnasinghe 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,16(2):125-130

Ontogenic variations in N₂ fixation and accumulation of N by the mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were studied by a ¹⁵N-dilution technique. Pots filled with 7 kg of red yellow podzolic soil were used. Samples were taken 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after emergence which approximately corresponded to preflowering, flowering, early/mid-pod filling and late pod filling stages, respectively. During early growth (up to 40 days after emergence), the carryover of seed N accounted for a considerable fraction of the total plant N in the legumes, the highest being in the groundnut. With a correction for carryover, the groundnut derived over 45% of its N content from the atmosphere 20 days after emergence whereas the corresponding figures were 33% for the blackgram and about 28% for the cowpea and mungbean. Between flowering and early pod fill, there was a rapid increase in N₂ fixation in all legumes except in groundnut which showed highest fixation from 60 to 80 days after emergence. In the mungbean, N₂ fixation and uptake of soil N were insignificant 60 days after emergence while in other legumes these processes continued beyond this time. All legumes derived about 90% of their N from atmosphere by 80 days after emergence. However, due to considerable interspecific differences in total N yield the final amount of N₂ fixed showed an appreciable variation among legumes. It was highest in the groundnut (443 mg N plant^-1) followed by the cowpea (385), blackgram (273), and mungbean (145), respectively. The groundnut maintained nodules until the late pod filling stage while in other legumes, nodules senesced progressively following the mid-pod filling stage. During pod filling there was a net mobilization of N from vegetative tissues to developing pods in the mungbean, which amounted to about 20% of N in seeds. This mobilization was not evident in other legumes.  相似文献   

Effect of cropping sequence,fertilizers and farmyard manure on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different crops over three consecutive seasons   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. M. Harinikumar  D. J. Bagyaraj 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,7(2):173-175

Summary The influence of cropping sequence with and without fertilizer and farmyard manure application on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae was studied over three consecutive seasons. In the first season maize was grown on all the plots. In the second season cowpea, groundnut and finger millet were raised on the same plots and in the third season, sunflower was grown on all the plots. The groundnut grown in the second season stimulated mycorrhizal root colonization, sporulation and infective propagules in the soil, and these effects were carried over to the next season. The plots cropped to finger millet in the second season had the lowest number of mycorrhizal spores. The application of farmyard manure stimulated vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae while fertilizers at the recommended level decreased the mycorrhizal propagules.  相似文献   

Nitrogen Fixation, Growth and Yield of Intercropped Mungbean (yigna radiata L.) and Groundnut (Aracbis bypogaea L.) as Affected by the Genotype     

R. Senaratne  M. T. K. Gunasekera 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,173(1):53-60

¹⁵N-aided investigations were conducted to ascertain the Nj fixation and the nitrogen (N) contribution by mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) and groundnut ( Aracbis hypogaea L.) when intercropped with maize ( Zea mays ). The study involved growing seven genotypes of the above legumes with maize in alternate rows in two separate experiments. A sole crop of maize was used as the reference crop to determine N2 fixation by the ¹⁵N methodology. Significant genotypic differences in pod yield and stover N content were observed in intercropped mungbean and groundnut. The percentage N derived from the atmosphere showed a genotypic variation of 31 to 45 % (7 to 10 kg N₂ fixed ha⁻¹O in mungbean and 47 to 69 % (9 to 18 kg N₂ fixed ha⁻¹) in groundnut. Harvest index for N varied from 58 to 77 % in mungbean and 55 to 75 % in groundnut. In groundnut, the uptake of soil N was significantly affected by the genotype. Assuming that the N contribution to the soil by the helow-ground plant parts was negligible, the removal of seeds at maturity resulted in a negative N balance in the soil in all the genotypes of mungbean. In groundnut, some genotypes produced a positive N balance in the soil. Owing to high N₂ fixation capacity and low harvest index for N, groundnut showed a greater N supplementing ability than mungbean.  相似文献   

2个多年生花生品种低温胁迫下活性氧代谢特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余高镜  应朝阳  黄毅斌  柯碧南  庄重光  翁伯奇 《草业科学》2006,23(4):29-32

不同低温胁迫下对平托花生Arachis pintoi与蔓花生A.duranensis2个多年生花生品种进行的叶片活性氧代谢与质膜特性进行研究。结果表明,A.duranensis品种无论在超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)还是过氧化氢酶(CAT)相对活性在低温胁迫下均不低于或显著高于A.pintoi,表现出相对较高的清除自由基能力;其质膜相对透性(RPP)增加幅度明显小于A.pintoi;丙二醛(MDA)相对含量增加率则表现出相反趋势;表明A.duranensis具有更强的抗寒性。  相似文献   

不同土壤类型对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)籽实镉积累特性的影响     

杨晶晶梁成华  王姗姗梁成华 王颜红 《中国农学通报》2012,28(9):121-126

为了在不同土壤环境下选育出低镉(Cd)积累型花生品种以提高花生品质,以‘白沙1016号’品种花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)为供试作物,棕壤和潮土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了2种类型土壤对花生籽实Cd积累特性的影响。结果表明：2种类型土壤条件下的花生籽实生物量差异显著（P<0.05）;在供试土壤Cd处理范围内(≤10.0 mg/kg),籽实生物量均随2种土壤Cd处理浓度增加呈“低促高抑”现象。花生籽实对土壤Cd的生物富集系数均随2种土壤Cd处理增加呈显著降低趋势（P<0.05）,且土壤类型间差异不显著。花生籽实Cd含量和Cd生物富集量均随2种土壤Cd处理的增加而显著增加（P<0.05）,但两者在棕壤介质中均显著大于潮土（P<0.05）。土壤类型对花生籽实Cd积累差异的影响主要体现在籽实Cd含量和生物富集量方面。而土壤pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)等均是影响籽实对Cd积累差异的重要因素。  相似文献