不同生育期灌水处理对小粒型花生光合生理特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁红  戴良香  宋文武  慈敦伟  吴正锋  张智猛 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(9):1149-1157

为揭示不同生育时期灌水处理对花生叶片光合生理特性的影响,确定花生水分效率最大时期,采用防雨棚池栽法,对2个小粒型花生品种"花育20号"和"花育27号"分别设置全生育期灌水(CK)、全生育期干旱胁迫处理(T1)、苗期灌水(T2)、花针期灌水(T3)和结荚期灌水(T4)5个处理,对比分析各处理花生叶片光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光动力学参数变化。结果表明,土壤水分状况并未使叶绿素a含量明显变化,但两品种叶绿素a含量升高或降低幅度受不同处理影响。叶片类胡萝卜素含量对土壤水分状况的响应因品种而异,两品种全生育期干旱胁迫处理下到达峰值的时间不一致。两品种结荚期灌水处理均能增加叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量。"花育27号"整个生育期内Fv/Fm值高于"花育20号",表明其具有较强的光能转换效率。两个花生品种在结荚期灌水处理均能提高Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值,提高其光能转换效率,有效避免或减轻了光合机构受损的程度。花针期、结荚期灌水及对照处理能够保持较高的表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学淬灭系数(QN)值,保持较高的光合反应总量,但苗期灌水处理对生育后期净光合速率没有促进作用。各生育期不同灌水处理中净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)下降的同时,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)亦下降,表明气孔限制是土壤水分不足状况下花生光合速率下降的主要原因。总体而言,花针期和结荚期灌水处理能提高花生叶片的光合能力,表明花生开花以后进行灌水处理是经济有效的灌水方式。  相似文献   

巢式杂交分离群体的花生籽仁性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析     

张毛宁  黄冰艳  苗利娟  徐静  石磊  张忠信  孙子淇  刘华  齐飞艳  董文召  郑峥  张新友 《中国农业科学》2021,54(13):2916-2930

【目的】花生籽仁性状是花生产量的重要构成因素。通过对花生巢式杂交群体的籽仁性状开展遗传模式研究,为进一步利用其衍生巢式关联作图群体开展花生籽仁性状QTL定位及开发分子标记辅助花生高产育种提供材料基础及理论依据。【方法】以豫花15为共同亲本,远杂9102、中花6号、粤油20、伏花生和NC94022为基础亲本,组配远杂9102×豫花15、中花6号×豫花15、豫花15×粤油20、豫花15×伏花生和豫花15×NC94022共5个组合的巢式杂交群体,通过F₂单株收获共获得1 812个F_2:3家系,将籽仁性状分解为籽仁长、宽、长宽比、表面积、表面周长及单仁重等6个性状,分析各个性状之间的拟合度、相关性,利用数量性状的主基因加多基因混合遗传模型分别对其进行遗传模型分析与遗传参数估计,确定控制各个性状的基因数目、遗传效应值及遗传力。【结果】花生巢式杂交分离群体中,籽仁性状变异类型丰富,籽仁6个性状在不同组合中均表现为超出双亲的正态分布;籽仁不同性状间存在一定相关性,籽仁长、籽仁表面积和表面周长三者之间呈显著相关,籽仁宽与籽仁长宽比呈负相关性,但相关性低;籽仁6个性状之间的相关性越大,拟合度也越高;不同组合的不同籽仁性状的遗传模型存在差异,在籽仁的6个性状中,籽仁表面积、表面周长在5个组合中均符合1MG-AM模型,籽仁宽、长宽比、单仁重均有4个组合符合1MG-AD模型,籽仁长有3个组合符合1MG-NCD模型,籽仁长、长宽比均有1个组合符合2MG-EAD模型,主基因遗传力3.80%—77.06%,不同群体中的基因效应值不同,表明多等位基因或非等位基因的不同遗传效应以及遗传背景的差异。【结论】花生巢式杂交群体的籽仁性状以多基因遗传效应为主,其遗传表现出不同的模式,表明该巢式杂交群体中不同组合籽仁性状的调控基因差异,为全面解析复杂籽仁性状的遗传机制提供了群体材料。  相似文献   

花生属栽培种和野生种的染色体组型分析     

吴爱忠  詹英贤 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1991,(4)

所分析花生属染色体组型表明;四倍体的栽培种和山地花生都具有A、B 染色体组,且分别与二倍体野生种的卡尔登纳花生和伯提索可花生的染色体基本相同。栽培种四类型间染色体组型相似,并与山地花生也相似而与拟直立型组、外加脉组及三籽组则有差异。在此基础上,讨论了它们之间的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

Dry-matter yields and crude protein and rumen-degradable protein concentrations of three Arachis pintoi ecotypes at different stages of regrowth in the humid tropics     

M. Villarreal  R. C. Cochran†  L. Villalobos‡  A. Roja-Bourrillón§  R. Rodríguez‡  T. A. Wickersham¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》2005,60(3):237-243

Well‐established stands of three ecotypes of Arachis pintoi (CIAT 17434, 18744 and 18748) were harvested from replicated plots (three blocks, each containing three plots for each ecotype) during the two dominant seasons (dry and wet) of the low altitude, humid tropics of Costa Rica. Each plot was further divided into six subplots so that, within each season, samples corresponding to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 weeks of regrowth could be collected. For each harvest, dry matter (DM) yield of the leaf, stem and whole plant, and the leaf:stem ratio, were recorded. Samples of the whole plant were analysed for crude protein (CP), rumen‐degradable (RDP) and rumen‐undegradable protein (RUP) concentrations. DM yield of the leaf, stem and whole plant increased with advancing period of regrowth but the effects of period of regrowth varied somewhat among ecotypes and across seasons. Generally, DM yield was greater during the wet than during the dry season. The greatest difference between ecotypes for stem and total DM yields was evident during the dry season. In general, DM contents were low in the whole plant, leaf and stem samples (<220 g kg^?1) and increased with increasing period of regrowth. Increases in leaf:stem ratio were most dramatic during the dry season with greater periods of regrowth, although the ratio was fairly constant during the wet season. Whole‐plant CP concentration was relatively high after short periods of regrowth (up to 279 g kg^?1 DM) but declined with longer periods of regrowth; the relative decline was much greater during the dry season. The RDP concentration was relatively constant during the wet season (mean 115 g kg^?1 DM), but declined with longer periods of regrowth during the dry season (range 194–111 g kg^?1 DM). In general, the concentrations of RDP, on a CP basis, were greater during the dry season and ranged from 590 to 700 g kg^?1 CP. Season, ecotype and period of regrowth all exerted an effect on RUP concentrations.  相似文献   

花生球蛋白基因片段的克隆   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨辉霞  王芳  单雷  毕玉平 《花生学报》2003,32(3):15-18

为克隆花生贮藏蛋白基因建立了花生未成熟种子的cDNA文库。根据大豆贮藏蛋白的保守区设计特异引物，从花生cDNA文库中扩增出450bp的特异性产物。经过测序分析表明与大豆球蛋白各亚基基因的同源性均达90％以上，说明已得到花生球蛋白基因的cDNA片段。该片段可以作为探针从cDNA文库中筛选花生球蛋白基因的cDNA全序列。  相似文献   

第一例栽培种花生花药培养单倍体植株的创制     

谢永平  郑运欢  郭英铎  陈肇聪 《中国油料作物学报》2022,44(4):810-817

以栽培种花生为材料,开展花生单倍体培养的前沿性探索,包括离体花药诱导形成愈伤组织、愈伤组织分化形成幼芽、再生苗培养、再生植株倍性鉴定和嫁接移植等研究。通过比较外植体灭菌时间、诱导培养基、分化培养基、再生培养基和再生植株创制培养条件等试验,筛选出适合花生花药培养的方法：1%NaClO消毒灭菌9 min,愈伤组织的诱导培养采用B5N1、B3N1培养基,再分化培养采用B5N1-2培养基,再生苗培养采用SG培养基。本研究获得1株花药培养的再生植株,编号为15B8-8。荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）鉴定结果表明,该植株具有20条染色体,其中9条为A染色体、11条为B染色体,是第一例来自栽培种花生花药培养的单倍体植株;研究还表明,汕油52花生品种具有较强的花药培养力,有潜力作为花生花药培养的“桥梁品种”。  相似文献   

花生硫氧还蛋白AhTRX h基因的克隆及表达分析     

李霞  潘春柳  苏桂军  詹洁  王爱勤  肖冬  何龙飞 《热带作物学报》2021,42(5):1252-1260

h型硫氧还蛋白（TRX h）是最多的一类硫氧还蛋白,在种子萌发、氧化还原、信号传递以及响应生物和非生物胁迫等多种途径中起重要作用。以花生铝敏感品种‘中花2号’和耐铝品种‘99-1507’为材料,对h型硫氧还蛋白亚族成员AhTRX h进行克隆和表达分析。结果表明：该基因包含长为429 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码142个氨基酸;进化树分析表明,花生TRX h与鹰嘴豆TRX h、拟南芥TH9亲缘关系较近,且含有保守活性位点WCGPC;亚细胞定位显示,AhTRX h定位于叶绿体;构建原核表达重组质粒pGEX-6p-1-AhTRX h,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta菌种,在上清和沉淀均有表达,纯化获得可溶的具活性的重组蛋白,体外检测重组蛋白没有明显的发生亚硝基化的趋势。酵母双杂显示,AhTRX h蛋白没有自激活性,筛选花生文库获得互作蛋白——钙网蛋白和金属硫蛋白。该结果表明AhTRX h可能通过与钙网蛋白和金属硫蛋白相互作用,参与花生对铝胁迫响应。  相似文献   

Effect of waterlogging stress on grain nutritional quality and pod yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)     

Ruier Zeng  Tingting Chen  Hui Zhang  Jing Cao  Xi Li  Xinyue Wang  Ying Wang  Suzhe Yao  Yu Gao  Yong Chen  Lei Zhang 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(2):286-299

To investigate the effects of waterlogging stress on grain nutritional quality and pod yield, peanut plants were waterlogged for 3 and 6 days at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after gynophores touched the ground in 2019 and 2020. Results revealed that compared with the control treatment, the oil and starch content in grain increased, while crude protein and soluble sugar content decreased under waterlogging. Waterlogging stress increased the unsaturated fatty acids content but decreased the saturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amino acids content. In addition, waterlogging stress decreased the total pod number per plant by 6.78%–49.33%, 100-pod weight by 1.11%–14.08% and 100-grain weight by 1.85%–16.41%, which caused a 34.33%–55.90% reduction in pod yield per plant. After the gynophore touched the ground for 7 days, waterlogging had a greater negative effect on grain nutritional quality, and longer waterlogging duration led to greater yield reduction. In summary, waterlogging stress caused peanut yield reduction and grain quality deterioration.  相似文献   

水培条件下硒对花生幼苗生长和开花及抗氧化酶活性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

施和平  张晓元  许晟 《热带作物学报》2022,43(12):2489-2495

硒（Se）是人和动物必需的微量元素，土壤环境缺硒可导致人、畜产生诸如白肌病和克山病等多种疾病；而通过施硒肥提高植物尤其是农作物的硒含量，是防治硒缺乏疾病的有效措施之一。花生（Arachis hypogaea）是中国乃至全球最重要的油料作物之一。为通过施硒肥来提高花生产量及其含硒量奠定实验基础和提供可能性，以花生幼苗为材料，采用水培法研究不同浓度硒（Se）对花生幼苗生长和开花及其抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明，硒浓度≤0.5 mg/L能促进花生幼苗的生长；其中以0.1 mg/L硒促进花生幼苗生长的效果最好；而硒浓度≤1.0 mg/L促进花生幼苗开花，以浓度为0.5 mg/L时花生幼苗开花数最多，达到27朵/株，约比对照提高90%；但硒浓度≥1 mg/L则抑制幼苗生长，且硒浓度愈高，对花生幼苗生长的抑制效果愈大，幼苗根变粗短，根尖褐化也愈严重，植株开花数显著减少，甚至不开花。与对照相比，低浓度（≤1.0 mg/L）硒可提高花生幼苗的SOD和POD活性，并降低其丙二醛（MDA）含量，但高浓度的硒（≥3 mg/L）则仅在培养初期提高花生幼苗的SOD和POD活性，但随着培养时间的延长，花生植株的POD和SOD活性则不断下降，但其MDA含量则逐渐升高。该结果为今后通过施硒肥来提高花生的含硒量和产量奠定了相关的实验和技术基础。  相似文献