IDENTIFICATION OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) CULTIVARS TOLERANT OF SOIL SALINITY     

A. L. Singh  K. Hariprasanna  V. Chaudhari  H. K. Gor  B. M. Chikani 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1761-1776

Field screening of 83 groundnut cultivars was undertaken for two seasons to assess their tolerance of salinity based on plant mortality and yield attributes. During the dry season, soil salinity of 4 dS m^?1 at sowing and 6–7 dS m^?1 21–98 days after sowing (DAS) caused high mortality without seed formation in any cultivars, however, at salinity 4.5 dS m^?1 during sowing and 3.5–3.0 dS m^?1 15–80 DAS during wet season, 61 cultivars produced seed. The cultivars ‘VRI 3’, ‘UF 70–103’, ‘TKG 19A’, ‘S 206’, ‘Tirupati 4’, ‘M 522’, ‘Punjab 1’, ‘BG 3’, ‘Somnath’ and ‘ICGV 86590’, with high plant stand during both the seasons and over 75 g m^?2 seed yield during wet season, were identified salinity tolerant. However, 15 cultivars with more than 50 g m^?2 seed yield were moderately tolerant and 28 cultivars with less than 25 g m^?2 seed yield were sensitive to salinity.  相似文献   

花生属植物酯酶同工酶的研究     

周蓉  段遒雄  翁跃进 《中国油料作物学报》1990,(3)

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对花生属植物10个栽培种和10个野生种的酯酶同工酶谱带进行测定分析。根据酶谱的差异,栽培种花生与花生区组野生种的平均相似值为12.93％,与其他区组相比其相似值高。表明两者间亲缘关系较近,从生化测定证实了花生区组的野生种是栽培种的近缘祖先的推断。另外,结果表明不同类型的栽培种与花生区组的各个野生种的亲缘关系也存在差异,其中以珍珠豆型品种与A.durenesis的关系最近。  相似文献   

花生对根结线虫病抗性温室快速鉴定方法     

董炜博  石延茂  C.C.Holbrook  P.Timper  J.P.Noe 《花生学报》2003,32(Z1):127-132

为了通过对花生抗线虫鉴定方法的比较,确定更加快速有效的抗性鉴定技术,作者于2002～2003年在佐治亚大学的Tifton试验站进行了温室盆栽试验.结果表明侵然期幼虫(2000～4000条/株)与虫卵(8000～16000粒/株)均可以用于花生抗线性鉴定的温室接种,但与使用虫卵接种相比,以侵染期幼虫作为接种体需要多花3～5d的时间收集幼虫;接种后14d,可以依据0～5级的虫瘿分级标准将供试的4份花生种质区分开来;接种后6～10周依据卵块数量或每克根中的虫卵数可以进一步确认花生的抗性水平.虫瘿级数、虫瘿数量、卵块数量及每克根中的卵量之间存在着极显著(P＜0.01)的正相关关系.根据研究结果提出了温室中花生抗线虫鉴定的程序方法以8000粒卵/株为适宜接种量,接种后14d依据0～5级的虫瘿分级标准进行初筛,对初筛入选的材料再在接种后6周根据卵块数量或卵量验证其抗性.  相似文献   

α and β-galactosidase activities and oligosaccharide content in peanuts     

Bryant RJ  Rao DR  Ogutu S 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2003,58(3):213-223

Thirty-three peanut cultivars were examined for their alpha-1,6 and beta-1,4 galactosidase activities and oligosaccharide contents along with proximate compositions. The average moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were: 4.9%, 26.6%, 43.1%, 2.3% and 23.1%, respectively. The corresponding coefficients of variation were: 5.2%, 10.1%, 7.2%, 7.8% and 15.7%, respectively. Raffinose and stachyose contents (%) ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 and 0.31 to 0.61, respectively. The specific activity (micromol product/min/mg protein) of crude preparation of alpha-galactosidase for the 33 cultivars ranged from 1.096 to 2.784 for the non-germinated seeds and from not being detected in some samples up to 2.432 for the germinated seeds; the mean values for non-germinated and germinated seeds were: 1.781 and 1.410, respectively. The specific activity of beta-galactosidase ranged from 0.101 to 1.727 in the non-germinated seeds and from not being detected in some samples up to 0.898 in the germinated seeds. Germination decreased the activity of both galactosidases significantly (p < or = 0.05).  相似文献   

BORON NUTRITION OF PEANUT GROWN IN BORON-DEFICIENT CALCAREOUS SOILS: GENOTYPIC VARIATION AND PROPOSED DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA     

E. Rafique  M. Mahmood-ul-Hassan  M. Yousra  I. Ali  F. Hussain 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(2):172-183

Field studies were conducted to assess boron (B) requirement, critical concentrations in diagnostic parts based on yield response curves and genotypic variation by growing three peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (‘Golden’, ‘BARD-479’, ‘BARI-2000’) on two B-deficient calcareous soils. Boron application significantly increased pod yield of all the cultivars over control. Maximum pod yield increases were: ‘Golden’, 16?23%; ‘BARD-479’, 21?27%; and ‘BARI-2000’, 25?31%. The cultivars varied in B efficiency and cv. ‘Golden’ was the most B efficient (81?86%) while cv. ‘BARI-2000’ was the least efficient (76?80%). Boron requirements for near-maximum (95%) dry pod yield were 0.65 kg ha^?1 for ‘Golden’, 0.75 kg ha^?1 for BARD-479 and 0.80 kg ha^?1 for BARI-2000. Critical B concentrations in shoots and seeds were: ‘Golden’, 33 mg kg^?1 and 26 mg kg^?1; ‘BARD-479’, 38 mg kg^?1 and 31 mg kg^?1; and ‘BARI-2000’, 42 mg kg^?1 and 33 mg kg^?1.  相似文献   

花生白藜芦醇研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田立荣  廖伯寿  黄家权  王圣玉  雷永  晏立英  李栋 《中国油料作物学报》2008,30(4):522-528

在花生体内,白藜芦醇合成酶是白藜芦醇生物合成途径中的关键酶之一,也是最主要的限速酶。将花生或葡萄中的白藜芦醇合成酶基因转化到其它植物中,可以有效提高植物的抗病性。本文简要介绍了白藜芦醇一般特性,对花生中白藜芦醇的分布、诱导因素作了相关介绍,并阐述了白藜芦醇在植物体内的生物合成途径及白藜芦醇合成酶基因的克隆、诱导表达及转化。  相似文献   

利用SRAP标记分析花生属花生区组种质亲缘关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任小平  廖伯寿  黄家权  张晓杰  姜慧芳 《中国油料作物学报》2009,31(4):449-454

利用54对SRAP引物分析花生属花生区组11个物种28份材料间的遗传变异,结果表明, 28份材料共扩增出327条多态性DNA带,平均每对引物扩增出5.95条多态性DNA带,扩增变幅为2～25条。聚类分析表明,28份花生材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.12～0.75,平均为0.42,A基因组物种A. duranensis与栽培种花生的亲缘关系最近,可能是栽培种花生的A基因组的供体。28份种质分为两大类,第一大类包含四倍体种质及A基因组的A. villosa和A. duranensis,第二大类包含B基因组、D基因组及其他A基因组。主成分分析结果与聚类分析结果相似,仅将第二大类中的B基因组种质A.batizocoi独立作为第三大类;第一和第二个主成分可以解释81%（57.5%和23.5%）的总变异。  相似文献   

Phylogenetic Relationships in Genus Arachis Based on SSR and AFLP Markers     

TANG Rong-hua  ZHUANG Wei-jian  GAO Guo-qing  HE Liang-qiong  HAN Zhu-qiang  SHAN Shi-hua  JIANG Jing  LI Yang-rui 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(4):405-414

Fourteen wild species of different sections in the genus Arachis and 24 accessions of the AABB allotetraploid A. hypogaea （cultivated peanut） from several countries which belong to different botanical varieties, were analyzed by SSR and AFLP marker systems. The assay-units per system needed to distinguish among all the tested accessions were at least five for SSR or two for AFLP. The genetic distance detected by the SSR markers ranged from 0.09 to 0.95, and the mean was 0.73; and the genetic distance detected by the AFLP markers ranged from 0.01 to 0.79 with an average of 0.42. All the tested peanut SSR primer pairs were multilocus ones, and the amplified fragments per SSR marker in each peanut genome ranged from 2 to 15 with the mean of 4.77. The peanut cultivars were closely related to each other, and shared a large numbers of SSR and AFLP fragments. In contrast, the species in the genus Arachis shared few fragments. The results indicated that the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） varieties could be partitioned into two main groups and four subgroups at the molecular level, and that A. duranensis is one of the wild ancestors of A. hypogaea. The lowest genetic variation was detected between A. cardenasii and A. batizocoi, and the highest was detected between A. pintoi and the species in the section Arachis. The relationships among the botanical varieties in the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） and among wild species accessions in section Arachis and those in other sections in the genus Arachis were discussed.  相似文献   

两种蔓花生坪用性状的比较     

张振霞  郑玉忠 《湖北农业科学》2008,47(9)

对蔓花生的生育期、绿期、扦插成活率、盖度、叶花比、生长速度等指标的研究表明,蔓花生具有成坪速度快、绿期长、花期长、观赏性强等优点,是一种极具发展潜力的草坪资源.通过蔓花生属两个种平托花生和杜兰落花生坪用性状的比较研究,发现杜兰落花生在盖度、叶花比、水平生长速度、单叶面积、叶绿素含量等评价指标上都强于平托花生,表明杜兰落花生的坪用性状明显优于平托花生.  相似文献   

Agronomic performance and genetic shifts of genotype mixtures in peanut     

D. A. Knauft  D. W. Gorbet 《Euphytica》1991,52(2):85-90

Summary Little information is available on the genetic shifts that may take place when seed mixtures of peanut are grown over time. Five peanut lines with distinct seed coat colors, but similar plant types, pod yields, and maturities, were grown in pure stands for four years. A mixture with equal numbers of seed from each of the five lines was grown each year. All mixtures were subsampled and grown in subsequent years without reconstitution. Yield, 100-seed weight, and total sound mature kernel proportions from the mixtures were higher than the pure stand average of the five lines, but yield and total sound mature kernel proportions were lower than the average adjusted for individual line production. The best component line was significantly better than the mixture for pod yield, 100-seed weight, and proportion of sound mature kernels. Intergenotypic competition shifted the mixture composition to increase the proportion of one of the high yielding lines after only two years, while other high yielding lines in the test either maintained or decreased their original proportion. The two lowest yielding lines in pure stand also decreased in proportion over time.Contribution of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Journal Series No. R-00550.  相似文献