利用远缘杂交培育半匍匐密枝型高产花生新品系     

彭振英  单雷  田海莹  孟静静  郭峰  王兴军  张智猛  丁红  万书波  李新国 《中国油料作物学报》2019,41(4):490

花生是我国重要的油料作物。为将野生花生的优异基因导入栽培花生，采用远缘杂交方法，将黑花生（A. hypogaea L.）与野生花生A. monticola 进行杂交，获得一个高产株系。该株系平均单株产量为普通花生的4倍，株型由亲本黑花生的直立、疏枝型转变为半匍匐、密枝型。另外，该株系生育期稍长，花量大，花色深，荚果数量多，单枝有效结果范围大约20～25cm。不同株系间荚果果型差异明显，大部分株系果型与黑花生相似。种皮颜色由粉到紫各不相同。种子大小差异明显。研究认为利用半匍匐密枝株型培育高产花生品系（种）是可行的。  相似文献   

硝普钠缓解花生铝毒害作用和影响AhSAG和AhBI-1基因表达     

詹洁  王天菊  何虎翼  李创珍  何龙飞 《作物学报》2011,37(3):459-468

以花生为材料，研究了铝胁迫诱导花生发生细胞程序性死亡的条件下，加入外源NO供体SNP对不同耐性花生品种根尖生长及相关细胞程序性死亡基因的影响。根长生长、根尖苏木精染色和铝含量测定结果表明，适当浓度的SNP能够缓解一定浓度铝对花生根生长的毒害作用，1.0 mmol L^–1的SNP缓解作用最明显，此浓度下，99-1507和中花2号与对照相比，根长增加45%和52%，根尖铝含量降低10%和23%，苏木精染色变浅。加入1.0 mmol L^–1的SNP处理后，与对应铝胁迫相比，花生衰老基因AhSAG的相对表达量在耐铝品种99-1507中先升高后降低，在0.1 mmol L^–1和0.4 mmol L^–1 Al³⁺处理时，显著下降；在铝敏感品种中花2号中呈缓慢升高的趋势，在0.1 mmol L^–1和0.4 mmol L^–1 Al³⁺处理时，显著上升；花生细胞程序性死亡相关基因AhBI-1的相对表达量在99-1507中呈先升高后降低的趋势，在中花2号中则先降低后升高，当99-1507在0和0.02 mmol L^–1 Al³⁺处理时，中花2号在0、0.02和0.1 mmol L^–1 Al³⁺处理时，SNP处理后的AhBI-1表达量均低于对应的单独铝处理。由此说明，NO对花生铝毒害有一定的缓解作用，其作用机理可能与影响细胞程序性死亡基因表达而调控细胞程序性死亡有关。  相似文献   

Development and Characterization of Whole Genome SSR in Tetraploid Wild Peanut (Arachis monticola)     

WANG YuLong  HUANG BingYan  WANG SiYu  DU Pei  QI FeiYan  FANG YuanJin  SUN ZiQi  ZHENG Zheng  DONG WenZhao  ZHANG XinYou 《中国农业科学》2019,52(15):2567-2580

  相似文献   

花生栽培种(Arachis hypogaea)类型间遗传差异的SSR分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

洪彦彬  梁炫强  陈小平  林坤耀  周桂元  李少雄  刘海燕 《分子植物育种》2008,6(1):71-78

本文采用110对SSR引物分析28份花生栽培种资源(7份多粒型、5份龙生型、8份普通型和8份珍珠豆型)间的遗传差异,其中有46对引物在不同品种间检测出2～9个等位基因,多态性信息量(PIC)为0.080～0.869.对28份材料的聚类分析表明,SSR聚类结果与根据形态特征的分类结果基本一致,但在多粒型品种上存在一定差异.标记pPGSseq15C12在本研究中所有的珍珠豆型品种上均扩增出特异性条带,序列分析表明该标记在珍珠豆型与其它类型间扩增片段的差异是由于ATT重复次数不同所致.  相似文献   

Decomposition of Erythrina poeppigiana leaves in 3-, 9-, and 18-year-old alleycropping systems in Costa Rica     

M. Oelbermann  R.P. Voroney  A.M. Schlönvoigt  D.C.L. Kass 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,63(1):27-32

Timing the application of organic residues and therefore the release of nutrients during decomposition may be critical to the growing crop in tropical alleycropping agroforestry systems. Field experiments were carried out in Turrialba, Costa Rica, to determine differences in Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook leaf decomposition in 3, 9 and 18-year alleycropped agroforestry systems. Treatments consisted of mulch-only, and mulch plus Arachis pintoi Krapov. and W. Gregory var. CIAT 18347 in 3 and 9-year old alleycrops under no-till cultivation. The 18-year old site consisted of treatments with mulch-only and mulch plus chicken manure under disk plow cultivation. Litterbags, filled with E. poeppigiana leaves from 3, 9 and 18-year old trees, were placed on the soil surface and collected over a period of 84 days. Results showed no significant differences in the amount of plant residues remaining after 84 days in the 3-, 9-, and 18-year-old systems, or between the manure and mulch-only treatments. Comparing mulch-only treatments, leaves in the 18-year old system decomposed most rapidly which may be due to disk-plow cultivation practices where litterbags were in direct contact with the soil as opposed to the no-till system in the younger alleycrops.  相似文献   

花生蛋白质、脂肪含量及其它农艺性状的配合力和遗传参数分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘恩生 《华北农学报》1987,(3)

三个高蛋白与三个高脂肪品种进行完全双列杂交,研究以籽仁重、蛋白质和脂肪含量为主的15个性状的配合力、遗传相关及杂种优势.结果表明:两种配合力的方差分析F值均达显著标准,但加性效应占主要优势,总配合力与杂种实际表现高度相关.郑71—3是高产高脂肪的理想亲本,奇科可作为高蛋白材料加以利用.在性状间相关中,蛋白与脂肪为显著负相关,但二者与籽仁产量呈弱的正、负相关,有利高产高油分和高产高蛋白品系的选育.花生杂种一代有明显优势,但营养生长性状、结实性状和脂肪含量趋向高亲,而出仁率、百仁重和蛋白含量趋向低亲.  相似文献   

湖北省花生平衡施肥技术研究Ⅴ.花生养分积累分配规律     

余常兵  李银水  谢立华  胡小加  廖伯寿  陈防  廖星 《湖北农业科学》2012,(2):236-237,242

分析了花生的养分积累及分配变化规律。结果表明,花生总干物质量、养分积累量除钙、镁在荚果膨大期最大外其余均随生育进程而增加,至收获期达到最大。每生产100 kg荚果,花生带走氮3.63 kg,磷0.47kg,钾1.45 kg,钙0.90 kg,镁1.00 kg,铁1.38 kg,铜0.02 kg,锌0.26 kg,硼0.05 kg。开花下针期是花生养分积累的关键时期。开花下针期后,花生除钙、镁外的营养元素主要从叶片和茎向荚果逐渐转移,根系分配变化较小。  相似文献   

花生不同部位白藜芦醇RP-HPLC含量分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛晓丽  张红霞 《吉林农业科技学院学报》2012,(3):7-10

采用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）检测花生不同部位中白藜芦醇的含量。通过超生提取、高效液相检测花生根、茎、叶、果壳、红衣、果仁中白藜芦醇的含量。结果表明：加样回收率为99.17%,RSD为1.17%,回归方程为：Y=5.303 141×10^-6X＋0.777 595 1（r2=0.999 9）,线性范围0.012～0.036mg/mL。花生植株中白藜芦醇含量依次为根、茎、叶、果壳、红衣、果仁,其中花生根含量最高为0.844 3g/kg。说明：RP-HPLC法检测花生中白藜芦醇方法快速准确,分离效果好。花生植株可利用价值高,可以作为开发白藜芦醇的新资源。  相似文献   

Evaluation of aqueous Moringa seed extract as a seed treatment biofungicide for groundnuts     

Donli PO  Dauda H 《Pest management science》2003,59(9):1060-1062

In a search for alternatives to currently used fungicides, the potential of aqueous Moringa seed extract (AMSE) as a seed treatment was evaluated. Seeds of groundnut, Arachis hypogea L cv Dakar, were soaked in AMSE at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g litre(-1) for 24 h. Comparison was made with Apron Plus (metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb), until recently a recommended seed-treatment chemical, and distilled water, which was the medium for extraction of Moringa seeds. The results showed that AMSE has potential for use as a biofungicide on groundnut seeds, since all the concentrations used except 1 g litre(-1) brought about significant reduction in the incidence of fungi on the seeds, such reduction increasing as the dosage of AMSE increased. There were no significant differences in control between the highest concentration of AMSE (20 g litre(-1)) and Apron Plus at the manufacturer's recommended level. Water also produced slight reductions in the incidence of fungi, although this was not significant at P = 0.05. The sensitivity to AMSE of the fungi tested varied, Mucor sp being the most sensitive and Aspergillus niger the least, with Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus flavus intermediate.  相似文献   

中国北方主栽花生品种抗旱性鉴定与评价   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张智猛  戴良香  丁红  陈殿绪  杨伟强  宋文武  万书波 《作物学报》2012,38(3):495-504

人工控水条件下,通过盆栽试验,在花生植株的结荚期和饱果期, 测定29个品种(系)的株高、分枝数、生物累积量、叶片含水量和光合色素含量等与抗旱性有关的13个表型性状和生理生化指标,采用抗旱系数法和隶属函数值法,鉴定各性状指标水分胁迫下的抗旱性。结果表明,相同指标评价不同花生品种抗旱性时得出的结果不同,依此可将供试品种(系)划分为抗旱性强、中、弱和不抗旱4类,即供试品种中唐科8号、冀花2号、冀花4号、花育25、花育17、花育22、大唐油、花育21具有较强的抗旱能力;花育20、花育24、潍花6号、花育27、鲁花11、阜花11、阜花13、唐油4号、丰花1号和G2具有中等抗旱能力;具有较弱抗旱能力的品种(系)有16-8、阜花10号、M5、花育16和鲁花14;而花育19、花育23、丰花6号、潍花8号、M7和TE-2在结荚期和饱果期均无抗旱能力。水分胁迫至结荚期,除分枝数和类胡萝卜素外,其余各形态型状和生理生化指标及其综合D值均可作为鉴定品种(系)抗旱性的依据;水分胁迫至饱果期,只有叶面积与抗旱系数间的相关极显著。无论在结荚期或饱果期,综合D值可作为鉴定品种抗旱性的指标,单一指标均不能准确判定某品种(系)的抗旱性。  相似文献