PGPR菌剂对油菜的促生作用和菌核病防治效果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李志新  邢丹英  王晓玲  黄鹏  江木兰  胡小加 《中国油料作物学报》2005,27(2):51-54

用两种PGPR菌剂不同接种剂型处理油菜,通过油菜不同生育期的农艺性状、经济性状、理论产量和菌核病枯杆率的考察,研究PGPR菌剂的促生作用和生物防治效果.结果表明,油菜PGPR菌剂具有明显的促生作用,能显著改善油菜的农艺性状,尤其能明显增加油菜的单株有效角果数,从而提高油菜产量;油菜PGPR菌剂具有明显的生防效果,能降低油菜菌核病的发病率;不同剂型间在效果上有一定差异,种子丸衣剂型及YUMI复合液体菌剂的生防促生效果最好,YUMI液体菌剂其次.  相似文献   

Colonisation of seminal roots of wheat and barley by egg-parasitic nematophagous fungi and their effects on Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and development of root-rot     

E. Monfort  H-B. Jansson  Ja On Park 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(7):1229-1235

This study provides evidence that egg-parasitic nematophagous fungi, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Pochonia rubescens and Lecanicillium lecanii, can also reduce root colonisation and root damage by a fungal pathogen. Interactions of nematophagous fungi with the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), and their influence on severity of the root disease it causes were studied in laboratory and pot experiments. In Petri dish experiments the three nematophagous fungi reduced colonisation of barley roots by Ggt and also reduced necrotic symptoms. On the contrary, root colonisation by nematophagous fungi was unaffected by Ggt. In growth tube experiments, the three nematophagous fungi again reduced Ggt root colonisation and increased effective root length of barley seedlings. This was true for both simultaneous and sequential inoculation of nematophagous fungi versus Ggt. In the pot experiments the inoculum of the tested fungi in soil was applied in the same pot, as a mixture or in layers, or in coupled pots used for wheat grown with a split-root system. The nematophagous fungi P. chlamydosporia (isolate 4624) and L. lecanii (isolate 4629), mixed with Ggt or in split root systems with the pathogen, promoted growth of wheat (i.e. increased shoot weight), although no disease reduction was found. In split root systems, lower levels of peroxidase activity were found in seedlings inoculated with Ggt in combination with the nematophagous isolates 4624 and 4629 than when the take-all fungus was applied alone.Our results show that nematophagous fungi reduce root colonisation by Ggt, root damage and stress induced senescence in Ggt-inoculated plants.  相似文献   

Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the diversity of culturable microfungi and nematodes associated with tomato: impact on root-knot disease and plant growth     

Imran A. Siddiqui  S.Shahid Shaukat 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(10):1359-1368

The available information on Pseudomonas biocontrol inoculants on the non-target fungal and nematode community is scant. The current paper addresses this issue and investigates the effects of biocontrol agents Pseudomonas aeruginosa IE-6 and IE-6S⁺ (previously shown to suppress several soil-borne plant pathogens) on soil microfungi and plant-parasitic nematodes as well as on the root-knot development and growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Furadan, a granular nematicide was included as a treatment for comparative purposes. Treatments were applied to soil at the start of each 52-day-long tomato growth cycle, and their effects on the composition and diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic microfungi and plant-parasitic nematodes were examined at the end of first and fourth growth cycle. Several diversity indices were employed to assess community diversity. A total of 16 genera comprising 23 microfungal species were isolated from the tomato rhizosphere. The most abundant fungal species belonged to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. With a few exceptions, fungi were neither exclusively inhibited nor specifically promoted by the application of treatments at any of the growth cycles studied. However, Paecilomyces lilacinus, an egg and female parasite of root-knot nematode, though exclusively absent in the controls was isolated from the treatments. Both general diversity and equitability of rhizosphere microfungi were greater at first compared to the fourth growth cycle while species richness remained uninfluenced across the growth cycles and treatments. However, Furadan and IE-6S⁺ treatments considerably abated general diversity and equitability. Of the microfungal species isolated from the rhizosphere seven were also recovered from surface-sterilized root tissue of tomato suggesting that all the endophytes are primarily rhizosphere organisms. Diversity of endophytic fungi was consistently lower compared with that of the rhizosphere. Both general diversity and equitability declined in all three treatments relative to controls in the root tissue but species richness remained unaltered. Diversity and equitability of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil were reduced by all three treatments over the controls at fourth growth cycle whilst species richness did not change at either growth cycle. The biocontrol agents significantly reduced root-knot development and enhanced shoot growth of tomato over the controls. The possible implications of fungal composition and abundance because of biocontrol by Pseudomonas application are discussed.  相似文献   

番茄灰霉病拮抗细菌的筛选     

齐爱勇  魏东盛  刘大群  张汀 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(6)

采集番茄土壤、根、叶片和花样本共96份,经平板法和叶盘法两步分离,获得对番茄灰霉病菌(BotrytiscinereaPers.)有抑制作用的拮抗细菌12株。根据抑菌圈法测定,拮抗细菌对灰霉菌的拮抗能力有显著差异,其中B21菌株抑菌圈直径达35mm,拮抗性最强最稳定。温室试验表明:B21悬浮液和10倍稀释液对番茄灰霉病有较好的防治效果,室内叶片的防效分别为98.68%和98.03%,无显著差异,明显优于45%多菌灵(500倍稀释液)。  相似文献   

Effects of Biocontrol Strain E26 on Some Ecological Factors     

WANG Hui-min  SUN Yan-li  WANG Jian-hui 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(4):397-399

This study was to evaluate the ecological risk of strain E26 (Agrobacterium sp. ) by detecting its survival in waters and its effects on rhizosphere microorganisms. The data showed that E26 could not be detected in distilled water, tap water, river water, and rainwater after 36, 36, 8, and 9 days, respectively. E26 did not reveal significant effects on the population of bacteria, fungi, and actinomyces in rhizosphere soil and on the root surface of grapevines.  相似文献   

水稻纹枯病生防菌株的筛选及其应用方式的研究     

陈立华  沈珊珊  邵孝侯  常婷婷  缪其松  谈俊益 《中国生态农业学报》2014,22(12):1469-1475

生物防治微生物的应用方式对生防效果具有显著影响。本研究利用分离到的生防菌株T12孢子粉、有机肥吸附菌丝(菌丝吸附)和固体发酵产品(固体发酵)3种水稻纹枯病生防菌的应用方式,研究了3种应用方式对水稻纹枯病发病率、微生物数量以及水稻抗病性酶活性的影响,分析了不同应用方式的生防效果。结果表明,生防菌株T12鉴定为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)。孢子粉、菌丝吸附和固体发酵的应用方式都能够防控水稻纹枯病,其中固体发酵应用方式的防效最好,防治率为89.5%。相较于孢子粉处理,应用菌丝吸附和固体发酵的方式能够显著(P0.05)增加水田中立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)菌核表面附着的木霉菌数量。水稻移栽20 d测定水稻茎秆上木霉菌数量显示,固体发酵和菌丝吸附应用方式有利于木霉菌在水稻茎秆定殖;水稻移栽60 d、100 d和130 d测定木霉菌数量表明,孢子粉处理木霉菌数量高于固体发酵处理,固体发酵处理高于菌丝吸附处理(P0.05)。水稻生育期内,对照处理立枯丝核菌数量从41 cfu-g-1增加到272 cfu-g-1,孢子粉处理和菌丝吸附处理水稻茎秆上立枯丝核菌数量低于对照处理,但均高于固体发酵处理(P0.05)。测定水稻几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性的结果显示,3种应用方式都能够诱导水稻产生抗性,相较于孢子粉处理,菌丝吸附和固体发酵处理能够在水稻生育期内持续诱导水稻产生抗性。棘孢木霉T12菌株固体发酵产品的应用方式更有利于对水稻纹枯病的生物防控。  相似文献   

烟仓害虫的生物防治     

张小霞  梁振普  邱立友  李平  尹新明 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(2)

在中国以烟草甲、烟草粉螟和大谷盗为代表的烟仓害虫有近40种,它们给企业和国家带来了巨大的经济损失。针对损失大、防治方法落后的现状,论文分析了烟仓害虫的发生特点,讨论了应用生物防治方法防治烟仓害虫的必要性,阐述了烟仓害虫的生物防治现状,论文最后对天敌昆虫、性引诱剂、细菌、病毒、真菌和遗传不育等生物防治技术的应用现状、优劣势和前景进行了论述和分析比较。  相似文献   

Research initiatives in the art and science of biopesticide formulations     

Russell K. Hynes  Susan M. Boyetchko 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(4):845-849

Recent initiatives by the pesticide regulatory departments of European and North American governments have significantly renewed interest in biopesticide technologies as alternatives for pest management following plans to deregister many chemical pesticides within the next 10 years. The literature is abundant with studies on screening for microorganisms with attributes of biopesticidal activity, however, very few of the authors have considered formulating the microorganisms with commercial applications in mind. A concerted plan in formulation development for biopesticides and bioinoculants by multi-disciplinary teams is required to optimize biopesticide yield, efficacy, storage stability and delivery for this technology to evolve and meet today's agricultural demands.  相似文献   

"秸秆降解生防菌强化技术"对黄瓜连作土壤微生物区系的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张婷  李世东  缪作清 《中国生态农业学报》2013,21(11):1416-1425

"秸秆降解生防菌强化技术"(BS)近年在我国北方冬季温室栽培中广泛使用, 具改良土壤、减轻病害、改善品质、提高产量等多方面的效果。为探讨应用该技术后对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物区系的影响, 本研究采用平板培养计数与末端标记限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析相结合的方法, 检测了黄瓜连作土壤中真菌、细菌、放线菌以及生防菌和病原菌的数量动态。结果表明, BS处理土壤后, 在连作第2茬时, 土壤中真菌群体总量比第1茬显著减少; 细菌总量比第1茬显著增加。细菌与真菌数量比值(B/F值)在连作两茬时明显升高, 土壤表现为"细菌型"; 连茬土壤中两种生防菌的含量保持相对稳定; 枯萎病原菌数量在连作两茬时与其他处理和对照相比有所降低, 但不显著; 处理后土壤细菌多样性在第2茬时显著升高, 并能促进TRF139等有益菌群增殖, 抑制TRF341和TRF501等有害菌群增殖。BS处理土壤能明显提高连作黄瓜的产量并降低根结线虫的病情指数, 在第3茬时产量比对照增加25.9%, 病情指数比对照减少71.4%。生防菌与秸秆配合使用对黄瓜连作土壤微生物的数量和群落结构影响显著, 在一定的连作茬数内能够保证生防菌有效定殖, 抑制病原菌数量增长, 提高土壤微生物多样性, 使土壤微环境达到相对健康的状态。  相似文献   

Protecting Cucumber from Fusarium Wilt with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2851-2864

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biocontrol effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme on Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The results indicated that both AMF improved the growth of cucumber seedlings and reduced disease severity, but G. versiforme was more efficient. Compared with nonmycorrhizal plants infected by F. oxysporum, shoots and roots dry weights increased by 100% and 80% in G. versiforme–inoculated plants, and the qualities of seedlings were significantly improved; meanwhile, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in shoots of G. versiforme–inoculated plants were significantly greater than those of G. mosseae–inoculated plants and nonmycorrhizal plants. Moreover, for mycorrhizal plants, soluble sugar and free proline contents in mycorrhizal roots were significantly greater than those of nonmycorrhizal treatment; however, malonaldehyde content in roots and the quantity of fungi in rhizosphere decreased when the plants were attacked by F. oxysporum.  相似文献