Effect of temperature on the respiration rate of forest soil organic layer along an elevation gradient in the Polish Carpathians     

Maria Niklińska  Beata Klimek 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(5):511-518

The aim of our studies was to determine the relation between temperature and the respiration rate of the forest soil organic layer along an altitudinal gradient while controlling the effects of the soil characteristics. The respiration rate was measured in laboratory conditions at different temperatures, 0, 10, 20, and 30°C, in samples collected in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians at 600, 800, 1,000, and 1,200 m above sea level from four different mountains, which were later treated as replicates. The increase in the average respiration rate between two consecutive temperatures was expressed as Q ₁₀ coefficients. Among the nutrients measured in the soil organic layer, only the total organic N concentration significantly increased with elevation. The temperature effect was significant for both the respiration rate and the Q ₁₀ values. The calculated Q ₁₀ values were highest for the temperature range between 10 and 20°C, and the lowest values were obtained from the highest temperature range (20–30°C). The altitude effect was significant for the respiration rate but not for the Q ₁₀ values, indicating that the temperature sensitivity of the soil respiration did not change much along the studied altitudinal gradient.  相似文献   

水稻优质、高产、多抗新品种“珍富10号”的选育及推广     

元东林  玄英实  姜文洙  具红光  金顺玉 《延边大学农学学报》2001,23(2):111-114

直接从韩国引进并筛选出来的水稻新品种“珍富10号”，主要具有优质、高产、多抗、高效以及外观晶莹剔透等特点，是发展绿色大米，促进生产与经济效益相结合的首选品种之一。  相似文献   

大蒜素对小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10细胞体外增殖和迁移能力的影响     

朱芷葳  蓝吴涛  马悦悦  李鹏飞  李宏  张磊  司文睿  冯江浩 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(3):831-838

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Si4432无线芯片在普适农业系统中的应用     

赵虎  王三根  王纪元 《农机化研究》2011,33(2)

为了解决无线模块发射距离近、穿透能力差的问题,将Si4432模块应用于普适农业系统[1],实现了较大范围农田的温湿度远程监测.该系统由控制中心和传感器节点组成,每个节点包括PIC16F877A单片机、Si4432无线模块和SHT10温湿度传感器,控制中心负责接收、显示、存储和发送温湿度信息.实验证明,该系统可以达到较远的通信距离和较强的穿墙能力,并且通信误码率低,具有很好的推广前景.  相似文献   

Soil CO₂ efflux vs. soil respiration: Implications for flux models     

M. Maier  H. Schack-KirchnerE.E. Hildebrand  D. Schindler 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(12):1723-1730

In the long term, all CO₂ produced in the soil must be emitted by the surface and soil CO₂ efflux (FCO₂) must correspond to soil respiration (R_soil). In the short term, however, the efflux can deviate from the instantaneous soil respiration, if the amount of CO₂ stored in the soil pore-space (SCO₂) is changing. We measured FCO₂ continuously for one year using an automated chamber system. Simultaneously, vertical soil profiles of CO₂ concentration, moisture, and temperature were measured in order to assess the changes in the amount of CO₂ stored in the soil. R_soil was calculated as the sum of the rate of change of the CO₂ storage over time and FCO₂. The experiment was split into a warm and a cold season. The dependency of soil respiration and soil efflux on soil temperature and on soil moisture was analyzed separately. Only the moisture-driven model of the warm season was significantly different for FCO₂ and R_soil. At our site, a moisture-driven soil-respiration model derived from CO₂ efflux data would underestimate the importance of soil moisture. This effect can be attributed to a temporary storage of CO₂ in the soil pore-space after rainfalls where up to 40% of the respired CO₂ were stored.  相似文献   

Plant pararetroviral sequences in wild Dahlia species in their natural habitats in Mexican mountain ranges     

S. Eid  D. E. Saar  K. L. Druffel  H. R. Pappu 《Plant pathology》2011,60(2):378-383

Selected wild Dahlia species in their natural habitats from west‐central Mexico were tested for the presence of three caulimoviruses known to be associated with cultivated dahlia (Dahlia variabilis), viz. Dahlia mosaic virus (DMV), DMV‐D10 and Dahlia common mosaic virus. Virus species‐specific primers and PCR were used followed by cloning and sequencing of the amplicons. Results showed that the wild dahlia species in their natural habitat contained DMV‐D10, which is an endogenous plant pararetrovirus. Viral sequences were found in 91% of the samples (n = 56) representing four different wild species. The gene coding for the movement protein of DMV‐D10 from Dahlia coccinea and all other species was cloned and sequenced. Sequence comparisons showed divergence of this gene when compared to that of DMV‐D10 from cultivated dahlias. The discovery of plant pararetroviruses in wild dahlia species in their natural habitats suggests a possible emergence, co‐existence and co‐evolution of pararetroviruses and their host plants.  相似文献   

印度芥菜BjJ10-2基因原核表达载体构建及抗盐功能的鉴定     

杨学举  郎明林  郝梦雨 《核农学报》2011,25(2):247-252

利用RT-PCR技术克隆了印度芥菜核糖体相关膜蛋白RAMP4家族成员BjJ10-2基因的开放读码框,成功构建了pET32a-BjJ10-2原核表达栽体,通过热激法将其转化到原核表达菌株BL21(DE3)plysS中,得到重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET32a-BjJ10-2).SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳检测到在IPTG诱导下...  相似文献   

利用宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be,²⁶Al估算流域侵蚀速率的原理与应用     

胡二伢  李颍  赵志军 《水土保持通报》2011,31(3):103-107

地表侵蚀是地貌演化的外营力。定量估算地表侵蚀速率,探讨其与构造活动,气候变化的响应和反馈是地学研究的重要课题之一。利用河流阶地沉积物或盆地沉积物宇宙成因核素（10Be and26Al）可获取流域万年尺度平均侵蚀速率时间序列,弥补了热年代学获得的百万年平均剥露速率和水文观测获得的年代级侵蚀速率之间的环节。地表及其附近岩石中的矿物的原子核受到来自外层宇宙空间的高能宇宙射线粒子的轰击,发生核反应而产生放射性核素,然后被快速埋藏,不再接受宇宙射线辐射。总体上,它们在地表的暴露时间短暂,宇生核素含量低,埋藏后宇生放射性核素随时间流逝而衰减。利用10Be和26Al估算流域古侵蚀速率基于此原理,通过测试河流沉积物或盆地沉积物的年代,结合10Be浓度,进而估算流域的平均侵蚀速率。应用宇生核素方法研究流域侵蚀速率,具有采样简便,精确度高,应用范围广等优势,可以反映更大时间尺度和更广空间尺度上的侵蚀速率变化情况,利用10Be和26Al等核素方法对第四纪至全新世的地表演化进行研究正成为一种重要的研究方法。  相似文献   

Hydraulic characteristics of composted pig manure,perlite, and mixtures of them,and their impact on cucumber grown on bags     

Ola Al Naddaf  Ioannis Livieratos  Aristides Stamatakis  Ioannis Tsirogiannis  George Gizas  Dimitrios Savvas 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Composted pig manure (CPM), unmixed or in mixture with perlite, was evaluated as growing medium based on both physical characteristics and agronomic performance. The physical properties were determined in CPM, perlite (0.5–2.5 mm), and their 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 mixtures by volume. It was found that unmixed CPM has a higher bulk density (BD) than perlite, a slightly lower air space at a suction of 10 cm, and a markedly higher content in easily available water (EAW), although the water content at a suction of 10 cm is the same in the two media. Mixing CPM with perlite by 50:50 seems to increase the actual water content and decrease the actual air content at container capacity, while the BD and the EAW score intermediate to those in the unmixed constituents. Simulation of the relative hydraulic conductivity (K_r) indicates a sharp decrease in the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) of CPM, perlite and their mixtures as the media suction increases. The differences in the decrease rate of K_r between the tested substrates are rather small, with the most and least steep decrease being observed in perlite and the mixture by 50:50, respectively. The agronomic performance of CPM was assessed by growing greenhouse cucumber in bags filled with perlite up to 20 cm in height, CPM up to 10 or 20 cm in height, and their mixture by 50:50 up to the same heights as CPM. A media height of 10 cm in the bag resulted in appreciably higher yields than a height of 20 cm, regardless of the type of the substrate, while the latter had no significant effect on yield. This effect of media height was ascribed to the steep decrease in K, which was minimized in all media at higher suction levels than 10 cm, thereby severely restricting water availability in their upper layers (10–20 cm) when their height in the bag was 20 cm.  相似文献   

希拉穆仁围封草原土壤呼吸通量研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

高天明  张瑞强  梁占岐  刘铁军  郭建英  郝瑞 《草业科学》2011,28(1):33-38

利用ACE土壤呼吸作用自动测定仪对希拉穆仁草原围封6年的克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)群落从4月末至10月初每隔10 d进行土壤呼吸作用日动态监测,并结合土壤温度和水分状况分析其复合相关关系.结果表明,1)生长季内土壤呼吸日动态均呈单峰曲线,最高值出现在中午12:00-14:00,夜间土壤呼吸速率很低,最低值...  相似文献