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11.
为了优化藜麦Chenopodium quinoa叶片黄酮的乙醇提取工艺和分析基因型间的差异,为藜麦黄酮的开发和高黄酮的品种筛选提供理论依据,采用3因子3水平正交试验设计,探讨了乙醇体积分数、料液比和浸提时间等因素对藜麦叶片黄酮提取率的影响;并采用最佳提取条件,对10个不同基因型品种藜麦的叶片黄酮得率进行了比较分析。结果表明:藜麦叶片黄酮最佳提取条件为体积分数70%乙醇,1∶40料液比,80℃水浴下回流浸提0.5 h。在优化条件下,1次提取工艺得率达85%以上。各因素对叶片黄酮提取率的影响程度依次为:浸提时间>乙醇体积分数>料液比。比较结果发现:藜麦叶片黄酮得率存在明显基因型差异,其中品种PI814932的叶片黄酮类物质得率最高,达0.933%。所测藜麦品种的叶片黄酮平均得率为0.619%,变异系数为34.44%。研究表明:乙醇回流法适于提取藜麦总黄酮类化合物。 相似文献
12.
Olga Escuredo M. Inmaculada González Martín Guillermo Wells Moncada Susana Fischer José Miguel Hernández Hierro 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
The high content of amino acids of the quinoa, especially essential amino acids (higher than other cereals) makes a food increasingly demanded by consumers. A total of twelve amino acids (arginine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine) were analyzed in quinoa samples from Chile by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with direct application to the samples of a remote fiber-optic reflectance probe. The calibration results using modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression satisfactorily allowed the determination of the concentrations of this amino acid group with high multiple correlation coefficients (RSQ = 0.97–0.71) and low standard prediction errors (SEPC = 0.07–0.20). The prediction capacity (RPD) for the arginine, the cystine, the isoleucine, the lysine, the serine, the threonine, the tryptophan, the tyrosine and the valine ranged between 2.6 and 5.2, for the rest of amino acids were higher to 1.8, indicating that the NIRS equations obtained were applicable to unknown samples. It has confirmed that NIRS technology is a method that may be useful to replace the traditional methods for routine analysis of some amino acids. 相似文献
13.
14.
F. Razzaghi S. H. Ahmadi S.‐E. Jacobsen C. R. Jensen M. N. Andersen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(3):173-184
Drought and salinity reduce crop productivity especially in arid and semi‐arid regions, and finding a crop which produces yield under these adverse conditions is therefore very important. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is such a crop. Hence, a study was conducted in field lysimeters to investigate the effect of salinity and soil–drying on radiation use efficiency, yield and water productivity of quinoa. Quinoa was exposed to five salinity levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dS m?1) of irrigation water from flower initiation onwards. During the seed‐filling phase the five salinity levels were divided between two levels of irrigation, either full irrigation (FI; 95 % of field capacity) or non‐irrigated progressive drought (PD). The intercepted photosynthetically active radiation was hardly affected by salinity (8 % decrease at 40 dS m?1) and did not differ significantly between FI and PD. Radiation use efficiency of dry matter was similar between salinity levels and between FI and PD. In line with this, no negative effect of severe salinity and soil–drying on total dry matter could be detected. Salinity levels between 20 and 40 dS m?1 significantly reduced the seed yield by ca. 33 % compared with 0 dS m?1 treatment owing to a 15–30 % reduction in seed number per m2, whereas the seed yield of PD was 8 % less than FI. Consequently, nitrogen harvested in seed was decreased by salinity although the total N‐uptake was increased. Both salinity and drought increased the water productivity of dry matter. Increasing salinity from 20 to 40 dS m?1 did not further decrease the seed number per m2 and seed yield, which shows that quinoa (cv. Titicaca) acclimated to saline conditions when exposed to salinity levels between 20 and 40 dS m?1. 相似文献
15.
D. J. Fairbanks K. W. Burgener L. R. Robison W. R. Andersen E. Ballon 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(3):190-195
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an important domesticated food crop of the Andean highlands with potential as an alternative crop elsewhere. Among its most attractive characteristics are the quantity and favorable amino acid balance of the seed proteins. The objective of this study was to characterize quinoa seed proteins by electrophoretic mobility, solubility fractionation, and genetic variability from a wide genetic base. Electrophoretic profiles of denatured albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin solubility fractions demonstrated that quinoa seed polypeptides could be classified as either albumin or globulin with most predominant polypeptides in the globulin fraction. Insignificant amounts of protein were present in the prolamin fraction and all polypeptides in the glutelin fraction had identical electrophoretic mobilities to albumins and globulins. Three globulin polypeptides of 34.3, 35.6, and 36.2 kilodaltons in size were highly variable within and among the accessions examined and appear to be coded by at least two loci. Two-dimensional peptide mapping revealed that these three polypeptides were homologous. These highly variable markers could be used for identification and classification of germplasm and elucidation of systematics and genetic variability within the quinoa germplasm pool. All other major polypeptides were electrophoretically invariant among the accessions examined. 相似文献
16.
本试验对早熟昆诺阿藜和晚熟昆诺阿藜萌发期的耐盐性进行了测定。经多种测验,结果表明这2个品种的昆诺阿藜在萌发期均具有较强的耐盐性。通过与沙打旺和草原1号苜蓿的对比试验,表明其耐盐性强弱依次为晚熟昆诺阿藜>早熟昆诺阿藜>沙打旺>草原1号苜蓿。 相似文献
17.
Twenty nine germplasm lines of Chenopodium quinoa and two of Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae were evaluated for 12 morphological and 7 quality traits for two test seasons. The 19 traits were analyzed for cluster and
principal component analysis. The first four PCs contributed 78.70 % of the variability among the germplasm lines. The first
PC accounted for 39.5% of the variation and had inflorescence/plant, plant height and stem diameter as the traits with largest
coefficients, all with positive sign. The characters with greatest positive weight on PC2 were days to maturity (0.309), inflorescence length (0.260) and branches/plant. All the germplasm lines were grouped into
six clusters based on average linkage method. Cluster III had high values for seed yield and most of the quality traits but
showed a small seed size. The dendrogram separated the two lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae from the quinoa lines. 相似文献
18.
为了比较土荆芥果实挥发油的熏蒸和触杀抑菌活性,测定了其对植物病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的熏蒸与触杀抑制作用,初步研究了其抑菌机制。结果表明,土荆芥果实挥发油对植物病原真菌具有强烈的抑制作用,熏蒸和触杀抑制作用均随着挥发油剂量增加而增强,随处理时间延长多呈减弱趋势。其对白菜黑斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻胡麻斑病菌3种真菌菌丝生长的熏蒸和触杀抑制作用半数有效浓度(EC50)分别为17.4~22.1μL/L、103.9~241.7μL/L,对水稻胡麻斑病菌孢子萌发的熏蒸和触杀抑制作用EC50分别为28.8μL/L、789.3μL/L。土荆芥果实挥发油通过熏蒸方式作用于水稻胡麻斑病菌菌丝,使其细胞内含物渗漏;通过触杀方式作用于水稻胡麻斑病菌菌丝,随挥发油浓度升高和处理时间延长,相对电导率增加。GC-MS分析结果显示,土荆芥果实挥发油主要成分为2-蒈烯和驱蛔素。综合分析土荆芥果实挥发油的抑菌活性,熏蒸作用的效果优于触杀作用。 相似文献
19.
Ten varieties of quinoa with origins ranging from latitude 39° S to 12° S and from sea level to an altitude of 3,800 m were grown on two soil types in two years in Cambridgeshire, England, in order to assess the extent and nature of genotype × environment (G × E) interactions and identify genotypes suited for cultivation at temperate latitudes. There was evidence that varieties differed in their susceptibility to water logging during germination. Plant height was strongly influenced by competition with weeds, and varieties differed in their susceptibility to this. The number of days to anthesis and to maturity were strongly dependent on the variety, but these periods were generally longer following an earlier sowing. The grain yield was also strongly dependent on the variety, but weed competition, a micronutrient deficiency and bird damage affected the varieties differently. Varieties originating at high latitudes gave the highest yields, about 5,000 kg/ha. Earliness and yield were strongly associated at the level of variety means, but the pattern of G × E interaction differed among the variables measured. 相似文献
20.
This study determined the uptake of three model compounds, applied in the presence and absence of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (Chenopodium album L, Hedera helix L and Stephanotis floribunda Brongn). The results with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and epoxiconazole in the presence ofsurfactants (the polyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers C12EO3, C12EO6, C12EO10 and a trisiloxane ethoxylate with mean EO of 7.5, all used at one equimolar concentration and therefore different percentage concentrations) illustrate that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the xenobiotics studied over a wide concentration range in the presence of these surfactants. Uptake on a unit area basis (nmol mm(-2)) could be related to the initial dose of xenobiotic applied per unit area (ID) by an equation of the form: Uptake = a [ID]b at time t = 24h. ID is given by the mass of xenobiotic applied, M divided by the droplet spread area, A. Total mass uptake is then calculated from an equation of the form: Total Uptake = a [ID]b x A. 相似文献