Shikimate accumulation in nine weedy species following glyphosate application     

T C MUELLER  A T ELLIS  J E BEELER  S D SHARMA  M SINGH 《Weed Research》2008,48(5):455-460

Glyphosate is commonly used in a variety of weed control scenarios and plants respond biochemically by continuing to attempt to push carbon through the shikimate pathway. The result is an accumulation of shikimate in sensitive plants in the days immediately after application. This research determined shikimate accumulation dynamics in nine problematic plant species from 0 to 6 days after treatment (DAT). Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Trifolium repens and Conyza canadensis showed rising concentrations through 6 DAT to >4000 mg L^?1. Chenopodium album, Xanthium strumarium and Urochloa platyphylla showed concentrations levelling off to a constant of about 2000 mg L^?1. Ambrosia trifida, Amaranthus palmeri and Polygonum pensylvanicum generally showed lower levels of shikimate accumulation and concentrations were decreasing after 3 DAT. No apparent relationships were evident between shikimate accumulation pattern and plant growth rate or speed of glyphosate activity. There also appeared to be no pattern in the shikimate accumulation trends that would allow for an informed decision as to which of these species would be most likely to develop glyphosate resistance. Shikimate concentrations were in agreement between field and glasshouse conditions for C. canadensis, but did not agree with those from A. palmeri.  相似文献   

藜麦研究进展及发展前景   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

顾娴  黄杰  魏玉明  金茜  杨发荣 《中国农学通报》2015,31(30):201-204

藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa),苋科藜属植物,原产于南美洲安第斯山脉高原地区,具有大约5000~ 7000年的种植历史,是当地印加人备受推崇的主要粮食作物之一,近些年因为其全面的营养价值和均衡的氨基酸比例以及药用保健价值收到追捧,引起了许多科研工作者的兴趣。为了给科研工作者提供一些研究方向的参考,通过对国内外对藜麦的研究文献进行汇总,归纳了在藜麦的引种栽培、营养成分分析、产品开发利用、遗传谱系研究、抗逆性研究、抗病虫害研究等方面的最新研究进展,提出了一些在研究中尚未解决的问题,如藜麦在低海拔地区产量和品质降低、藜麦的多种药用保健作用、藜麦副产物的利用等,将成为未来研究的重点方向,并分析了藜麦作为一种杂粮作物在中国西北地区的引种栽培以及发展潜力。  相似文献   

甜菜筒喙象Lixus subtilis Boheman在藜麦上大暴发     

张桂芬  张金良  万方浩  梅丽  冼晓青  董杰  郭自军 《植物保护》2017,43(2):202-207

甜菜筒喙象是世界潜在入侵象虫网收录的一种重要象甲科昆虫,主要为害甜菜,以及藜科、苋科和蓼科的一些杂草,国内外未曾见有为害藜麦的报道,2016年7月下旬我们发现该种象虫在北京严重为害藜麦。本文首次报道甜菜筒喙象在藜麦上的发生为害情况,同时介绍了其形态识别特征、生物学特性,给出了防治建议,并提出下一步研究重点,为有效防范甜菜筒喙象的进一步扩散为害,保障我国藜麦产业的健康发展提供科学支撑。  相似文献   

新疆耐盐植物藜的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(CaBADH)的克隆、盐胁迫表达分析及植物表达载体的构建     

袁军文  谷丽丽  陈莎莎  徐栋生  兰海燕 《新疆农业科学》2010,47(7):1273

[目的]为开展植物耐盐基因工程提供候选基因.[方法]研究以新疆耐盐植物藜为材料,利用同源克隆技术从藜中克隆到BADH基因,并通过RT-PCR方法对其在不同盐胁迫下的表达进行了初步分析,随后将该基因构建至高效植物表达载体pCN2300上.[结果](1)经测序分析并与藜科其他植物进行同源性比对显示,得到的序列为藜的BADH基因,开放阅读框长度为1 503 bp,编码500个氨基酸;(2)以BADH基因核心序列设计引物对此基因在盐胁迫下的表达进行了RT-RCR分析,发现其本底表达量较高,以100 mmol/L NaCl处理2、5、12和24 h后其表达量没有明显增加趋势,而以50 mmol/L- NaCl或KCl长期胁迫后其表达量则比对照和100 mmol/L时的表达量高;(3)经双酶切鉴定,已成功将CaBADH基因构建到植物表达载体pCN2300,得到重组质粒pCN2300-CaBADH.[结论]研究为进一步从生理和分子水平阐明藜的耐盐机制提供了一定参考.并为通过转基因技术获得耐盐作物新品种打下基础.  相似文献   

盐生植物灰绿藜对NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫的生理响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈莎莎  姚世响  袁军文  兰海燕 《新疆农业科学》2010,47(5):882-887

[目的]应对日益严重的土壤盐渍化问题,开发新的具有生态效益和经济价值的盐生植物.[方法]以具经济价值的新疆盐生植物灰绿藜为材料,采用分光光度法测定了不同浓度NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫后植株的日相对生长率(RGR)、丙二醛(MDA)、多种渗调质、抗氧化剂含量变化及几种重要的抗氧化酶活力变化,探讨了其对盐碱胁迫生理响应机制的差异性.[结果](1)在0～300 mmol/L,NaCl对植株生长的抑制作用较小,300 mmol/L NaHCO3对植株生长产生了一定程度的抑制;(2)150和300 mmol/L NaCl和NaHCO3处理后植株叶片丙二醛含量均显著增加;叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活力均无显著变化;抗氧化剂ASA显著升高.(3)随盐碱处理浓度增加,叶片脯氨酸(Pro)、甜菜碱(BADH)、可溶性糖含量显著升高,其中脯氨酸在较高浓度NaCl处理下升高幅度显著高于相同浓度的NaHCO3.[结论]植株体内抗氧化剂和渗调质ASA和脯氨酸Pro积累的差异可能是造成灰绿藜对高浓度盐碱胁迫耐受差异的原因之一.  相似文献   

氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎的室内活性测定     

赵天俊 《河北农业科学》2010,14(3):18-18,21

在室内条件下,测定了氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎的杀草活性。结果表明:氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎的EC50值分为200.282 8 mg/L和233.529 8 mg/L,氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎具有很好的抑制效果。  相似文献   

Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate          下载免费PDF全文

C Kohler  A‐L Grison  B Amiaud  S Gaba 《Weed Research》2016,56(2):102-113

How weed communities assemble represents one the key issues of weed science. For a decade, functional approaches have been applied to investigate the processes that govern weed community assembly. In most previous studies, trait values have been generally averaged over multiple populations and habitats. Consequently, conspecifics display similar trait values while neglecting the considerable influence of intraspecific variability to detect changes in functional diversity in response to environmental drivers. However, this influence has been shown to be critical, especially, at local scales. Here, we studied changes in weed functional diversity at the field scale in four crop sequences. We focused on intra‐ and interspecific variability of four key functional traits involved in response to resource acquisition processes, the latter being modified by climate, management and competition. The relative influence of intra‐ and interspecific variability among the crop sequence types was highlighted using a diversity partitioning approach. It provides evidence for substantial amount of intraspecific variability in the weed community and underlines its essential role in response to fine‐scale environmental drivers. In addition, we investigated the response of the three most abundant species to competition with the crop, the growing season and the crop sequence type. We highlighted that these species showed a wide range of combinations of trait values, suggesting the co‐existence of several successful strategies. Based on these results, we emphasise that neglecting intraspecific variability can lead to substantial underestimations of the functional weed response to management and crop‐weed competition at the field scale.  相似文献   

Weed flora and seed yield in quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as affected by tillage systems and fertilization practices     

Ioanna Kakabouki  Anestis Karkanis  Ilias S. Travlos  Dimitra Hela  Panagiota Papastylianou  Hanwen Wu 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):228-234

The effects of tillage system and fertilization regimes on weed flora in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were evaluated by means of two field experiments in 2011 and 2012. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with two main plots (conventional and minimum tillage) and four sub-plots (fertilization regimes). The results indicated that weed biomass and density in quinoa were influenced by the different fertilization and tillage treatments. Moreover, seed yield in conventional was 5%–13% higher than that of minimum tillage, probably due to the lower weed density and biomass. Concerning fertilization treatments, total weed density and biomass increased under manure application and inorganic fertilization. Tillage effects on weeds were species specific. The density of perennial weeds such as purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and the density of small-seeded weeds such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were significantly lower under the conventional tillage than under the minimum tillage system.  相似文献   

藜CaMAPKK2的表达分析及盐胁迫信号通路互作组分的筛选     

陈莎莎  贺转转  姜生秀  李晓荣  邢佳佳  吕秀云  兰海燕 《中国农业科学》2013,46(5):889-897

【目的】通过对抗逆植物藜的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联途径中MAPKK的胁迫表达模式分析及信号转导途径互作组分的筛选,探索植物藜响应外界胁迫信号诱发逆境耐受的机制。【方法】以藜叶片总RNA为模板,利用定量PCR方法对NaCl、H2O2和ABA胁迫下藜MAPKK表达规律进行了分析。利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术获得了藜MAPKK的全长cDNA序列。利用酵母双杂交技术对MAPKK盐胁迫信号通路互作组分进行了分析。【结果】获得一个藜MAPKK的全长cDNA序列,命名为CaMAPKK2,其开放阅读框为1 089 bp,编码一个由362个氨基酸组成的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶。定量PCR显示CaMAPKK2受盐胁迫诱导明显上调表达,同时受外源H2O2和ABA调控。H2O2合成抑制剂DPI与ABA合成抑制剂Na2WO4显著抑制了300 mmol•L-1 NaCl处理下CaMAPKK2的表达。以全长CaMAPKK2为诱饵蛋白,利用酵母双杂交技术筛选到5个可能与CaMAPKK2相互作用的蛋白。测序结果显示,其中1个序列可通读,该cDNA序列长794 bp,与欧洲赤杨（Alnus glutinosa）和拟南芥的噻唑合成酶（thiazole biosynthetic enzyme）基因AgTHI1和AtTHI1核酸序列相似度达79%和78%,其它4个序列没有连续的读码框。【结论】CaMAPKK2受NaCl和H2O2诱导上调表达,暗示盐胁迫可能通过诱导H2O2和ABA的积累从而导致CaMAPKK2表达增加。要进一步筛选CaMAPKK2互作组分需获得更多阳性克隆并开展相关功能验证试验。  相似文献   

乙酸铀对超富集植物藜萌发代谢生物学的影响     

张宇 《贵州农业科学》2013,41(8):38-41

为筛选放射性核素超富集植物及研究其种植方法,探索生物修复必要的栽培技术措施缩短修复周期,快速、有效地清除放射性污染,以超富集植物藜(Chenopodium album Linn.)为材料,研究藜萌发特性及幼苗生长对不同浓度乙酸铀(C4H6O6U)处理的效应。结果表明:乙酸铀处理浓度对藜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数影响的差异不显著,藜种子在萌发期间对乙酸铀具有很强的耐受力。但对藜幼苗根、芽生长具有低促高抑的双重作用,乙酸铀浓度为25~50mg/L时,与CK比较,芽长增加7.79%~10.21%,根长增加9.79%~16.06%,活力指数增加8.51%~12.48%;乙酸铀浓度为100~400mg/L时,与CK比较,对芽长的抑制率分别为1.44%~45.55%,对根长的抑制率为3.55%~49.60%,对活力指数的抑制率为6.42%~50.29%。随着乙酸铀处理浓度逐渐增加,脱氢酶(DH)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则明显下降,藜幼苗脯氨酸和蛋白质含量提高,C4H6O6U处理与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的递降呈显著负相关,均显著降低藜幼苗的脱氢酶活性,表明其体内氧化还原活性减弱,C4H6O6U对藜幼苗的正常代谢已产生严重胁迫。  相似文献