氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎的室内活性测定     

赵天俊 《河北农业科学》2010,14(3):18-18,21

在室内条件下,测定了氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎的杀草活性。结果表明:氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎的EC50值分为200.282 8 mg/L和233.529 8 mg/L,氟磺胺草醚对野苋菜和灰绿黎具有很好的抑制效果。  相似文献   

Changes in functional diversity and intraspecific trait variability of weeds in response to crop sequences and climate          下载免费PDF全文

C Kohler  A‐L Grison  B Amiaud  S Gaba 《Weed Research》2016,56(2):102-113

How weed communities assemble represents one the key issues of weed science. For a decade, functional approaches have been applied to investigate the processes that govern weed community assembly. In most previous studies, trait values have been generally averaged over multiple populations and habitats. Consequently, conspecifics display similar trait values while neglecting the considerable influence of intraspecific variability to detect changes in functional diversity in response to environmental drivers. However, this influence has been shown to be critical, especially, at local scales. Here, we studied changes in weed functional diversity at the field scale in four crop sequences. We focused on intra‐ and interspecific variability of four key functional traits involved in response to resource acquisition processes, the latter being modified by climate, management and competition. The relative influence of intra‐ and interspecific variability among the crop sequence types was highlighted using a diversity partitioning approach. It provides evidence for substantial amount of intraspecific variability in the weed community and underlines its essential role in response to fine‐scale environmental drivers. In addition, we investigated the response of the three most abundant species to competition with the crop, the growing season and the crop sequence type. We highlighted that these species showed a wide range of combinations of trait values, suggesting the co‐existence of several successful strategies. Based on these results, we emphasise that neglecting intraspecific variability can lead to substantial underestimations of the functional weed response to management and crop‐weed competition at the field scale.  相似文献   

Weed flora and seed yield in quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as affected by tillage systems and fertilization practices     

Ioanna Kakabouki  Anestis Karkanis  Ilias S. Travlos  Dimitra Hela  Panagiota Papastylianou  Hanwen Wu 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):228-234

The effects of tillage system and fertilization regimes on weed flora in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were evaluated by means of two field experiments in 2011 and 2012. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with two main plots (conventional and minimum tillage) and four sub-plots (fertilization regimes). The results indicated that weed biomass and density in quinoa were influenced by the different fertilization and tillage treatments. Moreover, seed yield in conventional was 5%–13% higher than that of minimum tillage, probably due to the lower weed density and biomass. Concerning fertilization treatments, total weed density and biomass increased under manure application and inorganic fertilization. Tillage effects on weeds were species specific. The density of perennial weeds such as purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and the density of small-seeded weeds such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were significantly lower under the conventional tillage than under the minimum tillage system.  相似文献   

藜CaMAPKK2的表达分析及盐胁迫信号通路互作组分的筛选     

陈莎莎  贺转转  姜生秀  李晓荣  邢佳佳  吕秀云  兰海燕 《中国农业科学》2013,46(5):889-897

【目的】通过对抗逆植物藜的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联途径中MAPKK的胁迫表达模式分析及信号转导途径互作组分的筛选,探索植物藜响应外界胁迫信号诱发逆境耐受的机制。【方法】以藜叶片总RNA为模板,利用定量PCR方法对NaCl、H2O2和ABA胁迫下藜MAPKK表达规律进行了分析。利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术获得了藜MAPKK的全长cDNA序列。利用酵母双杂交技术对MAPKK盐胁迫信号通路互作组分进行了分析。【结果】获得一个藜MAPKK的全长cDNA序列,命名为CaMAPKK2,其开放阅读框为1 089 bp,编码一个由362个氨基酸组成的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶。定量PCR显示CaMAPKK2受盐胁迫诱导明显上调表达,同时受外源H2O2和ABA调控。H2O2合成抑制剂DPI与ABA合成抑制剂Na2WO4显著抑制了300 mmol•L-1 NaCl处理下CaMAPKK2的表达。以全长CaMAPKK2为诱饵蛋白,利用酵母双杂交技术筛选到5个可能与CaMAPKK2相互作用的蛋白。测序结果显示,其中1个序列可通读,该cDNA序列长794 bp,与欧洲赤杨（Alnus glutinosa）和拟南芥的噻唑合成酶（thiazole biosynthetic enzyme）基因AgTHI1和AtTHI1核酸序列相似度达79%和78%,其它4个序列没有连续的读码框。【结论】CaMAPKK2受NaCl和H2O2诱导上调表达,暗示盐胁迫可能通过诱导H2O2和ABA的积累从而导致CaMAPKK2表达增加。要进一步筛选CaMAPKK2互作组分需获得更多阳性克隆并开展相关功能验证试验。  相似文献   

乙酸铀对超富集植物藜萌发代谢生物学的影响     

张宇 《贵州农业科学》2013,41(8):38-41

为筛选放射性核素超富集植物及研究其种植方法,探索生物修复必要的栽培技术措施缩短修复周期,快速、有效地清除放射性污染,以超富集植物藜(Chenopodium album Linn.)为材料,研究藜萌发特性及幼苗生长对不同浓度乙酸铀(C4H6O6U)处理的效应。结果表明:乙酸铀处理浓度对藜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数影响的差异不显著,藜种子在萌发期间对乙酸铀具有很强的耐受力。但对藜幼苗根、芽生长具有低促高抑的双重作用,乙酸铀浓度为25~50mg/L时,与CK比较,芽长增加7.79%~10.21%,根长增加9.79%~16.06%,活力指数增加8.51%~12.48%;乙酸铀浓度为100~400mg/L时,与CK比较,对芽长的抑制率分别为1.44%~45.55%,对根长的抑制率为3.55%~49.60%,对活力指数的抑制率为6.42%~50.29%。随着乙酸铀处理浓度逐渐增加,脱氢酶(DH)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则明显下降,藜幼苗脯氨酸和蛋白质含量提高,C4H6O6U处理与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的递降呈显著负相关,均显著降低藜幼苗的脱氢酶活性,表明其体内氧化还原活性减弱,C4H6O6U对藜幼苗的正常代谢已产生严重胁迫。  相似文献   

藜麦DAPB基因丰度及生物信息学分析     

杨利艳  杨雅舒  杨小兰  朱满喜  王创云  邓妍  赵丽  郭虹霞  张丽光 《分子植物育种》2021,19(1):34-40

二氢砒啶二羧酸还原酶(DAPB)是赖氨酸合成途径中的一个重要酶,在蛋白质和细胞壁的合成中起着重要作用。本研究基于KEGG总数据库分析表明,藜麦中DAPB的基因拷贝数远高于水稻、玉米及大豆等作物。对藜麦基因组数据筛选得到4个DAPB基因成员,均属于碱性蛋白质,氨基酸序列长度约330 bp,分子量为36.623~36.880 k D,等电点(p I)为5.79~6.01,最大疏水系数为0.028~0.123,为疏水性蛋白,亚细胞定位于细胞质中,不存在跨膜区。4个DAPB基因之间的Ka/Ks值均小于0.5,表明该基因在进化过程中比较保守。系统进化分析发现,藜麦DAPB家族成员位于同一个亚家族,且与菠菜的亲缘关系较近。启动子顺式作用元件分析结果显示,DAPB家族除含有TATA-box和CAAT-box以外,还含有多个参与激素响应、光照、低温及其它应激反应相关的顺式作用元件和转录因子结合位点,暗示藜麦DAPB家族成员可能参与以上多种响应。本研究分析了藜麦DAPB基因的拷贝数并对DAPB进行了生物信息学分析,可为进一步了解DAPB基因家族的生物学功能提供参考。  相似文献   

Possible geographical origin ofPhoma exigua var.foveata,the principal causal organism of potato gangrene     

V. Otazú  G. H. Boerema  J. C. Mooi  B. Salas 《Potato Research》1979,22(4):333-338

Summary The highlands of South America are the probable geographic origin for the potato gangrene fungusPhoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema which was found parasitizing plants ofChenopodium quinoa in the Altiplano area of Peru. In vitro studies showed no dissimilarities between it and the antibiotic ‘E’ producing virulent European isolates ofP. exigua var.foveata. It is as pathogenic to potatoes as the virulent European isolates but onC. quinoa andC. album it is more pathogenic than the European isolates. So far the fungus has not been found on potato tubers in South America and the reasons why gangrene problems have not arisen there are discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic variability and interrelationship among various morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)     

Atul Bhargava  Sudhir ShuklaDeepak Ohri 《Field Crops Research》2007

Evaluation of seed yield, morphological variability and nutritional quality of 27 germplasm lines of Chenopodium quinoa and 2 lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae was carried out in subtropical North Indian conditions over a 2-year period. Seed yield ranged from 0.32 to 9.83 t/ha, higher yields being shown by four Chilean, two US, one Argentinian and one Bolivian line. Two lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae exhibited high values for most of the morphological traits but were low yielding. Seed protein among various lines ranged from 12.55 to 21.02% with an average of 16.22 ± 0.47%. Seed carotenoid was in the range of 1.69–5.52 mg/kg, while leaf carotenoid was much higher and ranged from 230.23 to 669.57 mg/kg. Genetic gain as percent of mean was highest for dry weight/plant, followed by seed yield and inflorescence length. All morphological traits except days to flowering, days to maturity and inflorescence length exhibited significant positive association with seed yield. The association of leaf carotenoid with total chlorophyll and seed carotenoid was positive and highly significant. The path analysis revealed that 1000 seed weight had highest positive direct relationship with seed yield (1.057), followed by total chlorophyll (0.559) and branches/plant (0.520). Traits showing high negative direct effect on seed yield were leaf carotenoid (−0.749), seed size (−0.678) and days to flowering (−0.377). Total chlorophyll exerted strongest direct positive effect (0.722) on harvest index, followed by seed yield (0.505) and seed protein (0.245).  相似文献   

Light interception and radiation use efficiency in temperate quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R.A. Ruiz  H.D. Bertero   《European Journal of Agronomy》2008,29(2-3):144-152

Sea level quinoas are grown at low altitudes in Central and Southern Chile. Both sensitivity to photoperiod and response to temperature largely determine quinoa adaptation, but crop biomass production must be quantified to evaluate agronomic performance. The objectives of this work are: (i) to characterize development effects on leaf area evolution for genotypes of sea level quinoa differing in cycle length, (ii) to quantify the extinction coefficient (k) for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) from emergence up to the beginning of grain filling and (iii) to identify which crop attributes related to canopy architecture should be considered to improve biomass production. Four cultivars (NL-6, RU-5, CO-407 and Faro) were cropped in Pergamino (33°56′S, 60°35′W, 65 m a.s.l.), Argentina, at three densities (from 22 to 66 plants m⁻²) in two consecutive years under field conditions with adequate water and nutrient supply. Thermal time to first anthesis and maximum leaf number on the main stem were linearly correlated (r² = 0.87; p < 0.0001). Leaf area continued to increase during the flowering phase, notably in NL-6, the earliest genotype. There were significant differences in maximum plant leaf area between cultivars. Increasing density reduced plant leaf area but effects were comparatively small. Estimated k was 0.59 ± 0.02 across genotypes and was higher (p < 0.05) for 66 plants m⁻². Values for RUE changed as cumulative intercepted PAR (IPAR) increased; at initial stages of development RUE was 1.25 ± 0.09 g MJ IPAR⁻¹, but if cumulative IPAR was higher than 107.5 ± 10.4 MJ IPAR m⁻², RUE was 2.68 ± 0.15 g MJ IPAR⁻¹. That change occurred when leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of PAR intercepted were still low and ranged from 0.61 to 1.38 and from 0.33 to 0.51, respectively. No significant association was found with any developmental stage. Our results agreed to the notion that RUE variation during pre-anthesis phases is largely determined by LAI through its effect on radiation distribution within the canopy. Biomass production could be improved if periods of interception below 50% of incoming PAR were reduced to ensure high RUE. This seems to be possible in temperate areas both by the use of late genotypes with a higher number of leaves on the main stem and by early genotypes provided adequate plant density is chosen. Early increment in LAI and overlapping of the leaf area increase period with the flowering phase are desirable strategies for earliest genotypes to maximize yield.  相似文献   

Potential use of abrasive air-propelled agricultural residues for weed control     

F FORCELLA 《Weed Research》2009,49(4):341-345

A potential new post-emergence physical weed control tactic is described. It entails plant abrasion and death upon assault from abrasive grits propelled by compressed air. Grit derived from granulated walnut shells was delivered by a sand blaster at 517 kPa at distances of 300–600 mm from seedlings of Chenopodium album in glasshouse pots. Control was influenced by size of plants at time of treatment. Seedlings at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stages of growth were mostly destroyed by a single split-second blast of grit of <1 s duration, but were unaltered by compressed air alone. Plants at the 4- to 6-leaf growth stages required up to 10 blasts of grit to be killed. These results indicate that small weed seedlings of susceptible species might be physically controlled by abrasion from air-propelled grit derived from suitable agricultural residues.  相似文献