NaHCO3和Na2CO3胁迫对藜种子萌发的影响     

惠文森 《草业与畜牧》2012,(3)

用两种钠盐不同浓度对藜种子进行了发芽试验,研究了两种钠盐胁迫对藜种子萌发的影响,探讨其耐盐性。结果表明：两种钠盐胁迫对藜种子的萌发有抑制作用,随着盐浓度的增加,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均呈显著下降趋势（p〈0．01）,盐浓度过高会抑制种子萌发,NaHCO3浓度250mmol／L、Na2CO3浓度200mmol／L时,藜种子无发芽能力。两种钠盐对藜种子发芽后的胚根及胚芽生长的抑制作用表现不同,NaHCO3对藜种子的抑制：胚根〉胚芽,Na2CO3对种子的抑制：胚根〈胚芽。  相似文献   

藜麦活性成分研究进展   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

胡一晨  赵钢  秦培友  成颜芬  曹亚楠  邹亮  任贵兴 《作物学报》2018,44(11):1579-1591

藜麦是苋科藜属一年生双子叶植物, 作为一种营养价值突出的功能性健康食品, 不仅富含多酚、黄酮、皂苷、多糖、多肽、蜕皮激素等活性成分, 还含有丰富的维生素、必需氨基酸、矿物质(K、P、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe)等营养物质, 具有均衡补充营养、增强机体功能、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、抗炎、提高免疫、防治心血管疾病以及抗菌抗溃疡等生理活性, 尤其适于高血糖、高血压、高血脂、心脏病等慢性病人群及婴幼儿、孕产妇、儿童、学生、老年人等人群食用。藜麦因其全面的营养价值和食用功能特性, 且优于大多数谷物, 成为适宜人类食用的全营养食品。本文综述藜麦的活性成分及其生理功能作用, 并展望其在食品工业中的发展前景, 旨在对藜麦产业、食品保健和医药研发等领域提供重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

Re-Introduction of Quínoa into Arid Chile: Cultivation of Two Lowland Races under Extremely Low Irrigation     

E. A. Martínez  E. Veas  C. Jorquera  R. San Martín  & P. Jara 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(1):1-10

Annual rainfall in Chile at 30°S decreased from 170 to 70 mm in the last century, forcing a search for new low-rain adapted crops. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. was cultivated by pre-Hispanic cultures, but it disappeared in this region since the Spanish conquest. Two quínoa landraces (Don Javi and Palmilla) were re-introduced from lowlands of central Chile (34°S) evaluating seed saponin content and grain yields under low irrigation. Replicated assays were conducted in two sites with distinct microclimates after august (end of the rains in 2004 and 2005). Treatments included low (40–75 mm) and high (150–250 mm) irrigation and were distributed along the five cultivation months. Fertilization, with the humus of the worms, was carried out in the second season, as soils are poor in organic matter. Results showed significantly higher saponin content in the seeds of Don Javi landrace (1.2 %) with respect to Palmilla seeds (0.3 %). However, grain yields were not different between landraces under the same treatments. Yields were instead affected by microclimate, irrigation and fertilization. Although higher yields corresponded with higher irrigation, 2.6 tons ha⁻¹ was obtained under high irrigation, but surprisingly, also under low irrigation in the more humid site. Yields of 2006 harvesting season (ca. 7 tons ha⁻¹) were higher than that of the previous season (ca. 5.5 tons ha⁻¹), mainly because of the addition of organic matter. We suggest that re-introduction of Quinoa in arid Chile is feasible even under the prevailing conditions of low rainfall and deficient soils, but better yields will need some irrigation and addition of organic matter.  相似文献   

Nuclear genome size and chromosome analysis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium quinoa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. berlandieri</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">nuttalliae</Emphasis>     

Guadalupe Palomino  Laura Trejo Hernández  Eulogio de la Cruz Torres 《Euphytica》2008,164(1):221-230

Cytogenetic characterization by karyotyping and determination of DNA content by flow cytometry of seven cultivated varieties of Chenopodium was performed. Chenopodium quinoa cultivar Barandales and C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae cultigens Huauzontle, Quelite and Chia roja showed 2n = 4x = 36, x = 9. Statistically insignificant genome size differences for studied varieties ranged from 2.96 pg/2C (1 Cx = 724 Mbp) in C. quinoa to 3.04 pg/2C (1 Cx = 743 Mbp) in Huauzontle. Karyotype analyses revealed the presence of nine groups of four metacentric chromosomes, including two pairs of chromosomes with satellites. The first pair of satellites was located on the largest pair of chromosomes and the second on a different pair of chromosomes in all accessions analyzed. Variation among varieties was evident in chromosome size, genome length (GL) and the position of satellites. Chia roja exhibited greatest GL (58.82 μm) and biggest chromosomes (2.04 μm). Huauzontle showed the smallest GL (45.02 μm) and shortest chromosomes (1.60 μm). Comparison of GL in studied taxa was statistically significant and allowed to define three groups according to the use given to these plants. These data indicate that they are small, very stable genomes in terms of DNA content, and they support the allotetraploid origin(s) of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae and C. quinoa.  相似文献   

土荆芥精油对5种杀虫剂毒力的影响     

赵建伟  田厚军  林硕 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2023,51(3):93-100

【目的】研究土荆芥精油对5种杀虫剂毒力的影响,为合理开发利用杂草资源研发环保农药助剂,进而促进害虫持续控制提供依据。【方法】以小菜蛾幼虫为供试昆虫,采用微量点滴法、浸叶法和夹毒法分别测定不同用量土荆芥精油对5种杀虫剂触杀和胃毒作用的影响。【结果】土荆芥精油对敌百虫、氟虫腈和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的触杀毒力表现出较好的增效作用;10 mg/g土荆芥精油对联苯菊酯增效作用最好,增效比可达9.13,而30 mg/g土荆芥精油对联苯菊酯则表现为拮抗作用;土荆芥精油对灭多威均表现为拮抗作用。夹毒法毒力测定结果表明,土荆芥精油对灭多威、氟虫腈、联苯菊酯的胃毒毒力均表现出较好的增效作用;对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和敌百虫均表现为拮抗作用。浸叶法毒力测定结果表明,土荆芥精油对氟虫腈、联苯菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和敌百虫胃毒毒力均表现出很好的增效作用,对灭多威表现出拮抗作用。【结论】土荆芥精油对氟虫腈和联苯菊酯（10 mg/g土荆芥精油）均有良好的增效作用,可显著增加其杀虫毒力,是提高杀虫剂药效的优选助剂。  相似文献   

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) protein hydrolysates with in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory and antioxidant properties     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

The potential of quinoa to act as a source of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory and antioxidant peptides was studied. A quinoa protein isolate (QPI) with a purity of 40.73 ± 0.90% was prepared. The QPI was hydrolysed at 50 °C for 3 h with two enzyme preparations: papain (P) and a microbial papain-like enzyme (PL) to yield quinoa protein hydrolysates (QPHs). The hydrolysates were evaluated for their DPP-IV inhibitory and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities. Protein hydrolysis was observed in the QPI control, possibly due to the activity of quinoa endogenous proteinases. The QPI control had significantly higher DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) and lower ORAC values than QPH-P and QPH-PL (P < 0.05). Both QPH-P and QPH-PL had similar DPP-IV IC₅₀ and ORAC values. QPH-P had a DPP-IV IC₅₀ value of 0.88 ± 0.05 mg mL⁻¹ and an ORAC activity of 501.60 ± 77.34 μmol Trolox equivalent (T.E.) g⁻¹. To our understanding, this is the first study demonstrating the in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory properties of quinoa protein hydrolysates. QPHs may have potential as functional ingredients with serum glucose lowering properties.  相似文献   

基于近红外光谱法快速检测藜麦纤维含量     

曹晓宁  田翔  王君杰  刘思辰  穆志新  陆平  陶梅  乔治军 《农业科学与技术》2016,(10)

[目的]探索一种快速测定完整藜麦籽粒纤维含量的方法.[方法]采集100个藜麦样品的近红外光谱,运用近红外光谱分析技术建立数学模型并进行预测.[结果]在10 000～4 000cm-1波长范围内,运用一阶导数+矢量归一化光谱方法进行预处理,结合化学方法所得数据建立藜麦粗纤维近红外定量模型,校正和预测效果最佳,所得的粗纤维近红外定量模型的交叉验证决定系数(R2cv)为0.884 8,外部验证决定系数(R2val)为0.876 1.[结论]以完整藜麦籽粒为样品所建立的纤维NITS模型可用于藜麦纤维含量的快速检测.  相似文献   

EDTA辅助小藜修复Pb及Pb-Cd复合污染土壤的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王学锋  姚远鹰  郑立庆 《农业环境科学学报》2010,29(2)

通过盆栽试验,研究了Pb及Pb-Cd复合污染土壤添加EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)对小藜生长和转运、富集Pb、Cd的影响。结果表明,高浓度的EDTA对小藜的生长有抑制作用,Pb及Pb-Cd复合处理下EDTA最佳添加浓度均为2.5mmol·kg-1,此时小藜对Pb的转运系数达2.66和2.41,富集系数达1.51和1.82,分别比对照提高554%和493%、8431%和2367%;对Cd的转运系数达1.87和3.47,富集系数达1.78和10.8,分别比对照提高165%和355%、77%和283%。2.5mmol·kg-1EDTA辅助小藜修复Pb-Cd复合污染土壤的效果优于修复Pb污染土壤的效果。  相似文献   

草地螟选择大画眉草而非藜产卵的证据及原因     

陈静  罗礼智  潘贤丽  康爱国 《植物保护》2010,36(2)

为了阐明草地螟对产卵寄主的选择性,为改善其测报、防治技术提供科学依据,笔者于2008年8月在河北康保对草地螟的产卵寄主植物进行了系统的调查。主要结果为:在所调查的9科23种植物中,查到有草地螟产卵的有7科13种。成虫对禾本科的大画眉草[Eragrostis cilianensis(All.)Link ex Vignolo-Lutati]具有显著的偏好。大画眉草的单株着卵量、有卵株率、卵密度及相对着卵量均显著高于藜(Chenopodium album Linnaeus)等其他产卵寄主的对应值,并比藜上的对应值多10倍到100倍以上。对此次草地螟成虫主要选择大画眉草产卵的可能原因进行了探讨分析。  相似文献   

Early season height differences as robust predictors of weed growth potential in maize: new avenues for adaptive management?     

A J MCDONALD  S J RIHA  A DITOMMASO 《Weed Research》2010,50(2):110-119

  相似文献