塞北乌骨鸡蛋营养成分分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘海斌  赵月平  吴占福 《吉林农业科学》2009,34(3):49-50,57

塞北乌骨鸡是通过丝羽乌骨鸡、山地乌骨鸡和本地柴鸡杂交选育而成的一个地方品种,其蛋用性能获得了显著进展,为加快蛋产品的开发力度,进行了塞北乌骨鸡蛋和罗曼鸡蛋的营养成分比较分析。结果表明:塞北乌骨鸡蛋的常规营养成分显著高于罗曼鸡蛋,胆固醇含量低于罗曼鸡蛋,微量元素含量也比罗曼鸡蛋高,说明塞北乌骨鸡蛋属高钙低胆固醇、微量元素含量丰富的有机食品,对人体具有保健作用,可以开发相关的有机食品和保健品。  相似文献   

Excess dietary cholesterol may have an adverse effect on growth performance of early post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei     

Jin Niu  Peng-Fei Chen  Li-Xia Tian  Yong-Jian Liu  Hei-Zhao Lin  Hui-Jun Yang  Gui-Ying Liang 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2012,3(3):155-159

One experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of cholesterol for post-larval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with four levels of cholesterol (D1, D2, D3 and D4 with 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% cholesterol, respectively) were fed to triplicate groups of L. vannamei shrimp (mean initial wet weight 0.8 mg) for 27 days. After the trial, shrimp fed the D1 diet had the best growth performance (final body weights: FBW; weight gain: WG; specific growth rate: SGR), while there was no significant difference between diet treatments with respect to survival. The whole body crude protein level in the shrimp decreased with the increase in dietary cholesterol levels, while the whole body crude lipid level in shrimps in the D4 diet treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in other diet treatments. Dietary analysis indicated that the D1 diet contained 0.92% cholesterol prior to supplementation, which may have satisfied the dietary cholesterol requirement of post-larval L. vannamei; excess dietary cholesterol may thus lead to adverse effects on the growth performance of post-larval shrimp.  相似文献   

Edible mushrooms: Role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases     

Eva Guillamón  Ana García-Lafuente  Miguel Lozano  Matilde D´Arrigo  Mauricio A. Rostagno  Ana Villares  José Alfredo Martínez 《Fitoterapia》2010

Edible mushrooms are a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in addition to a growing appeal for humans by their flavors and culinary features. Recently, they have become increasingly attractive as functional foods for their potential beneficial effects on human health. Hence, food industry is especially interested in cultivated and wild edible mushrooms.  相似文献   

Use of Direct Thaw Insemination to Establish Pregnancies with Frozen–Thawed Semen from a Standard Jack     

Rebecca J. Jepsen  Lawrence E. Evans  Curtis R. Youngs 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

Pregnancy rates reported after artificial insemination with frozen–thawed jack spermatozoa have been relatively low compared with those attained in other species. Cholesterol is known to influence post-thaw fertility of both jack and stallion semen, and altering the amount of cholesterol in the freezing extender may help improve the fertility of frozen–thawed jack semen samples. In this study, we report clinical work that was performed using semen samples collected from a single jack. Samples were extended in EZ Mixin OF and then slowly cooled to 5°C. Extended semen samples were centrifuged at 400 × g for 10 minutes and the supernatant was discarded. Spermatozoa were resuspended in freezing medium to a final concentration of 400 × 10⁶ cells/mL and were later frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Freezing extender treatments containing 2% ethylene glycol included the following: (1) 20% egg yolk (EY), (2) 5% EY, and (3) 20% EY + 60 mM hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). For this study, a total of 28 mares aged 2 to 18 years was used over five breeding seasons (82 total cycles). Mares were administered human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation when the dominant follicle was ≥35 mm in diameter. They were inseminated within 6 hours before ovulation and again within 6 hours after ovulation. Pregnancy rates obtained were as follows: (1) 6.25% (one of 15 matings) for 20% EY, (2) 46.5% (20 of 43 matings) for 5% EY, and (3) 58.5% (14 of 24 matings) for 20% EY + 60 mM β-CD. These data suggest that binding of cholesterol with β-CD enhances post-thaw fertility of jack semen samples. We conclude that acceptable pregnancy rates could be achieved with frozen–thawed jack semen samples cryopreserved in 5% EY or 20% EY + 60 mM β-CD using direct post-thaw insemination.  相似文献   

Dried green leaf powders of Jew's mellow (Corchorus), persimmon (Diosphyros kaki) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas poir) lower hepatic cholesterol concentration and increase fecal bile acid excretion in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Innami  Satoshi  Tabata  Kimiko  Shimizu  Jun  Kusunoki  Kikue  Ishida  Hiroshi  Matsuguma  Miki  Wada  Masahiro  Sugiyama  Noriko  Kondo  Mika 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):55-66

A cholesterol-free diet containing dried powder of Jew's mellow leaves, persimmon leaves or sweet potato leaves respectively at 5% level as dietary fiber was fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for about one month. The experiment was conducted twice except for sweet potato leaves. In the groups fed the diet mixed with powders of any of the three different dried green leaves, the hepatic cholesterol concentration significantly decreased. Such lowering was not observed in serum cholesterol concentration compared with the control (cellulose) group. A significant increase in fecal weight was observed in all the groups fed the green leaf samples. All the dried green leaves increased fecal excretion of bile acids per gram or per day compared with the control group in both experiments, but only the dried Jew's mellow leaves showed an increased excretion of neutral sterols. These results suggest that lowering of hepatic cholesterol by powdered green leaves is not necessarily due to the same factor, but to the increased fecal excretion of bile acids due to inhibited enterohepatic circulation in animals given these samples.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, survival and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino     

Wenbing Zhang  Kangsen Mai  Chunfeng Yao  Wei Xu  Weifang Wang  Zhiguo Liufu  Xiaojie Wang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(3-4):271-274

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Eight isoenergetic (18.15–18.61 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (29.00–29.78% protein) diets, supplemented with 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05% cholesterol were evaluated. Juvenile abalone (initial weight: 0.67–0.72 g) were reared in a flow-through water system for 24 weeks. During the feeding trial, water temperature was maintained at 14–17 °C, salinity 31–33, pH 7.4–7.9. Abalone fed diet without cholesterol supplementation had the lowest weight gain ratio (WGR, 356.70%). Survival ranged from 98.52 to 100.00% and was not significantly different among treatments. There were no significant effects of dietary cholesterol on composition and cholesterol concentration in the muscle and viscera of abalone. Based on data of WGR using broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone was found to be 0.23%.  相似文献   

Nicotinic acid promotes lysosomal free cholesterol efflux via LXRα/NPC1 pathway in macrophages     

YANG Ping  ZHANG Han-bin  LIU Yu-lin  FANG Shu-xiang  LI Ping  XU Xiao-yang 《园艺学报》2000,36(8):1359-1367

AIM To explore the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) on lysosomal free cholesterol efflux in macrophages and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Macrophages induced from human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 by phorbol myristate acetate served as the cell model. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was applied to observe the effects of NA on lysosomal free cholesterol efflux in macrophages loaded with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The influences of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) antagonist Ned-19, Ca²⁺ chelator BAPTA, liver X receptor α (LXRα) siRNA and Niemann-Pick C1 protein (NPC1) siRNA on NA effects were also evaluated. RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to evaluate the influence of NA, Ned-19 and BAPTA on LXRα mRNA and NPC1 protein expression. RESULTS NA dose-dependently promoted lysosomal free cholesterol efflux in macrophages. This effect was markedly inhibited by Ned-19 and BAPTA. NA increased NPC1 protein and LXRα mRNA expression. These effects were also attenuated by Ned-19 and BAPTA remarkably. LXRα siRNA significantly inhibited the promoting effect of NA on NPC1 protein expression. Silencing of LXRα and NPC1 with siRNA remarkably abolished the effect of NA on lysosomal free cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSION NA promotes lysosomal free cholesterol efflux in macrophages. This effect may be mediated by the increased production of NAADP, which subsequently promotes Ca²⁺ release through lysosomal transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel and finally up-regulates NPC1 protein expression via LXRα.  相似文献   

Lipophagy inhibits foam cell formation by reducing cholesterol content     

ZHENG Shu-zhan  CHEN Mao  DU Yan-fei  CHEN Yu-lu  ZHANG Wei 《园艺学报》2000,36(11):1980-1987

AIM To observe the changes of lipophagy during foam cells formation, and to determine the effect of lipophagy on the lipid content and cholesterol outflow of foam cells. METHODS Human THP-1 monocytes were induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for 48 h to differentiate into macrophages, and then were incubated with 50 mg/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein （oxLDL） to form foam cells. Lipids in foam cell were stained by oil red O, and the lipid content was determined. The total cholesterol （TC） and free cholesterol （FC） levels in foam cells were measured by cholesterol testing kit. Cholesteryl ester （CE） and CE/TC ratio were calculated. The cholesterol efflux rate was detected by cholesterol efflux assay kit. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, including autophagy-related protein 5 （Atg5）, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） and P62, were detected by Western blot. The colocalization of lipid droplets （LD） and LC3 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The autophagy inducer rapamycin （Rap） or blocker 3-methyladenine （3MA） was used to intervene foam cells, and the expression of Atg5, LC3 and P62, the co-expression of LD and LC3, the cholesterol content and the cholesterol efflux rate were determined. RESULTS Formation of foam cells was observed at 24 h after stimulation with oxLDL at 50 mg/L, as indicated by intracellular CE/TC ratio exceeding 50%.Cholesterol efflux assay revealed that the cholesterol efflux rate increased within 24 h during foam cell formation but decreased after 48 h （P<0.05）. Western blot results displayed that the expression of Atg5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased within 24 h of foam cell formation, but was deceased after 48 h （P<0.05）. The expression of P62 was decreased within 24 h but was increased at 48 h （P<0.05）. The colocalization of LD and LC3 was increased at 24 h but was decreased at 48 h after oxLDL stimulation. Treatment with Rap up-regulated the expression of Atg5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, reduced the level of P62, increased the colocalization of LD and LC3, promoted the cholesterol efflux, anf reduced cholesterol content in foam cells （P<0.05）. On the contrary, 3MA inhibited the expression of Atg5, reduced LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, elevated the level of P62, decreased the colocalization of LD and LC3, reduced the outflow of cholesterol, increased the content of TC and CE, and elevated CE/TC ratio in foam cells （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Lipophagy is enhanced at 24 h but decreased at 48 h during foam cell formation. Lipophagy inhibited foam cell formation by reducing cholesterol content and increasing cholesterol efflux.  相似文献   

Aggressive dogs are characterized by low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Re S  Zanoletti M  Emanuele E 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(3):225-230

Canine aggressive behaviour is one of the most common problems being reported by dog owners. However, the biochemical basis of this phenomenon remains unclear. In humans, alterations in omega-3 plasma polyunsatured fatty acids and elevated omega6/omega-3 ratio have been linked to behavioural alterations, including aggression. Thus far, however, the relationship between plasma polyunsatured fatty acid status and aggression has not been investigated in the dog. In the present study we sought to investigate whether polyunsatured fatty acid status could be altered in plasma of pathologically aggressive Canis familiaris. Eighteen adult male German Shepherd dogs, aged 4.9 ± 0.9 years, showing no clinical signs but aggression, were investigated. Eighteen healthy male dogs, aged 4.8 ± 0.7 years, with a negative history of behavioural and neurological disorders served as controls. Baseline fasting plasma polyunsatured fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Compared to normal dogs, aggressive dogs showed lower docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) concentrations and a higher omega6/omega-3 ratio. In addition, they showed reduced cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations compared to their normally behaving counterparts. Altogether, our results suggest that low omega-3 fatty acids may adversely impact behaviour in dogs, resulting in greater propensity to aggression. However, given the cross-sectional design of our study, we cannot claim any causal relationship between the presence of alterations in fatty acid status and canine aggressiveness. Whether omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may be useful to reduce aggressive behaviour in the dog deserves further investigation.  相似文献   

染料木黄酮对高能日粮肉鸡胆固醇代谢的影响     

陈咏然  张明  田宁  朱力  杨鹰 《中国畜牧杂志》2018,(2)

为研究染料木黄酮(Gen)对高能日粮肉鸡胆固醇代谢的影响,试验选用11日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个豆油高能组日粮中增加豆油(5.6%,11~21 d)和(6.6%,22~42 d)使代谢能提高5%,其中1个豆油组添加50 mg/kg Gen;2个猪油高能组增加猪油(5.1%,11~21 d)和(6.2%,22~42 d)使日粮代谢能提高5%,其中1个猪油组日粮中添加50 mg/kg Gen,试验期31 d。结果表明:日粮中添加Gen后豆油高能日粮诱导的肝脏总胆固醇(TC)和血清甘油三酯(TG)显著降低,豆油和猪油高能日粮诱导的血清脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)显著降低(P0.05);添加50 mg/kg Gen可显著降低高能日粮处理组肉鸡肝脏3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)的活性及蛋白含量,同时降低固醇调节元件结合蛋白-2(SREBP-2)含量(P0.05);高能日粮提高了HMGCR基因的表达(P0.05),对CYP7A1、SREBP-2等基因的表达无显著影响(P0.05);而Gen可降低高能日粮肉鸡肝脏中上述基因的表达。在本试验条件下,高能日粮中添加50 mg/kg Gen可降低肉鸡血脂及肝脏胆固醇的合成和沉积。  相似文献