不同花粉对苹果果实中抗坏血酸相关酶活性的影响     

盖瑞  郭小静  张贞  王荣  毛志泉  陈学森  吴树敬  沈向 《林业科学》2014,(11)

采用自育高效授粉树的花粉,在富士、金帅、嘎啦苹果铃铛花期时进行授粉,自授粉后20天的幼果开始间隔20天连续采样,对果实抗坏血酸(AsA)代谢中关键酶抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、L －半乳糖－1,4－内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)、L －半乳糖脱氢酶( GalDH),以及 AsA含量进行测定。结果表明：苹果果实 AsA 的迅速积累期主要为授粉后40～60天期间,用高效授粉树花粉授粉的果实,在整个生长发育过程中,L －半乳糖内酯脱氢酶的活性均比对照果实有明显的提高,对于 L－半乳糖脱氢酶,虽然该酶在授粉果实内活性较对照果实有所提高,但其在整个生长发育时期活性比较低;对于处理果实,其还原酶 MDHAR和 DHAR的活性提高,而氧化酶 AAO和 APX的活性却较对照果实降低,但总体活性水平差异不显著。AAO,APX,MDHAR,DHAR 4个酶均在果实发育初期存在较高的活性,以后逐渐降低并维持在稳定的水平,后期活性不高。这表明经高效授粉树授粉处理的果实主要是通过提高果实内 AsA 合成酶的活性来提高果实内 AsA的含量。  相似文献   

不同授粉方式对丝瓜产量及品质的影响     

吴乾兴袁廷庆  柯用春孔祥义 罗丰 《广东农业科学》2014,41(2):41-42

为了筛选适合海南冬季丝瓜的授粉方式,以泰国丝瓜为试验对象,研究了不同授粉方式对丝瓜座果率 果实性状产量及品质的影响,结果表明院与其他授粉方式相比氯吡脲授粉能极显著提高丝瓜座果率可达97%并 能极显著提高丝瓜产量,比对照高31.7%且对丝瓜品质无影响。  相似文献   

玫红百合为亲本育成百合种间杂种   总被引：49，自引：4，他引：45  

黄济明  赵晓艺 《园艺学报》1990,17(2):153-159

玫红百合(Lilium amoenum Wilson ex Sealy)是起源于中国的珍稀百合。本试验以王百合和麝香百合为母本与玫红百合进行了种间杂交。以花柱内授粉和幼胚离体培养法得到了王百合×玫红百合杂种F_1和麝香百合×玫红百合杂种F_1。通过染色体组型分析确认了杂种的真实性。杂种王百合×玫红百合杂种F_1花朵为粉红色、株矮,可供盆栽,花粉不育。麝香百合×玫红百合杂种F_1花色淡粉红,诱导成多倍体后花粉可育,可作为进一步杂交的亲本。  相似文献   

保护地栽植矮甜李授粉方法选择试验     

刘海荣 《中国林副特产》2004,(6):7-8

日光节能温室内种植的矮甜李选择授粉方法是获得高产的关键。通过人工点授、自然授粉、室内放蜂、液体授粉 4种方法的对比 ,总结出 4种授粉方法的坐果率为人工点授 (3 1 .0 7% ) >室内放蜂 (2 1 % ) >液体授粉 (9.5 3 % ) >自然授粉 (0 .1 6% ) ,从试验结果看出 ,保护地种植矮甜李必须进行辅助授粉 ,否则无产量。从经济、快捷、简便的角度出发 ,以室内放蜂为最佳授粉方法 ,放蜂量为 1 0 0 0头 /棚。  相似文献   

Risk assessment of outcrossing of transgenic rapessed to related species:     

M. C. Kerlan  A. M. Chèvre  F. Eber  A. Baranger  M. Renard 《Euphytica》1992,62(2):145-153

Summary The risk for a gene dispersal is reported for reciprocal crosses between a transgenic rapeseed variety resistant to the herbicide phosphinotricin and five related species. The first stages after pollination were cytologically observed and fertilized ovaries were established in in vitro culture for the production of interspecific hybrids. A similar classification was observed for the index of pollination compatibility and embryo yield. From the 243 embryos produced, 109 plantlets were obtained in a greenhouse. All the interspecific combinations tested were able to produce hybrid plants. A higher number of hybrids was obtained when rapeseed was used as the female parent. The hybrids had the expected triploid structure except for two amphidiploid, B. napus × B. oleracea, and one amphidiploid, B. napus × S. arvensis, plants with 56 chromosomes. The triploid hybrids were sterile or partially fertile but two of the amphidiploid plants, B. napus × B. oleracea, were fully fertile. The cytoplasm source did not seem to affect the fertility of the hybrids.  相似文献   

Procedure for artificial cross pollination in clove (Syzygium aromaticum)     

P. A. Pool  N. Bermawie 《Euphytica》1987,36(2):479-482

Summary A technique for artificial cross pollination in clove is described. This involves emasculating flowers two days before anthesis, and pollinating four days later. Following this procedure a seed set of approximately 25% can be expected.  相似文献   

Results of multiple pollination in blueberry (Vaccinium elliottii Chapm.)     

Timothy F. Wenslaff  Paul M. Lyrene 《Euphytica》2001,117(3):233-240

Blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus, family Ericaceae) is a shrub that produces multiple-seeded berries in which only a fraction of the ovules develop into viable seeds. A recessive yellowleaf marker gene was used to evaluate the efectiveness of a single pollination versus multiple pollinations in producing seeds in Vaccinium elliottii Chapm. A multiple-pollination experiment was conducted to see if the first pollen applied or the second produced more progeny, and to see if multiple pollinations increased the number of seedlings produced. Flowers of diploid yellowleaf Vaccinium elliottii were pollinated from one to four times at daily intervals. Pollen from redleaf and yellowleaf plants was used to produce two types of seedlings that could be distinguished visually. Generally, percent berry set, seeds per berry, and seed germination were not increased by multiple pollination. After multiple pollination, the pollen applied first always produced the most seedlings. Prior pollination greatly reduced seed set from subsequent pollination, but subsequent pollination caused little or no decrease in the number of seeds set by the first pollination. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The reproductive biology of three perennial Sesbania species (Leguminosae)     

J. H. Heering 《Euphytica》1993,74(1-2):143-148

Summary The reproductive biology of Sesbania sesban, S. goetzei and S. keniensis (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) was studied. Fifty percent flowering was observed at 102 to 153 days after germination for S. sesban accessions; 96 to 146 days for S. goetzei and 131 to 176 days for S. keniensis accessions. Flowers opened in the afternoon and remained fresh for 2–3 days. Bee species including Xylocopa sp., Apis mellifera, Megachile bituberculata and Chalicodoma sp. visited the flowers. Hand pollination experiments showed that all three species were self and cross compatible. The percentage of fully developed seeds was greater in pods formed after cross pollination compared to self pollination. No evidence was found for stigmatic or stylar self incompatibility. Outcrossing is probably the common method of reproduction under natural conditions, although in isolated trees substantial seed set by selfing might occur. Pod production under natural conditions was 34% for S. sesban; 49% for S. goetzei and 39% for S. keniensis. Considerable variation was found in pod production under open pollination between accessions of the same species. Selective abortion was observed within pods, with more mature seeds formed at the distal end of the pod.  相似文献   

Breaking the crossability barriers between disomic tetraploid Solanum acaule and tetrasomic tetraploid S. tuberosum     

Masaru Iwanaga  Rosanna Freyre  Kazuo Watanabe 《Euphytica》1991,53(3):183-191

Summary A combination of compatible second pollinations and embryo rescue was applied for systematic production of true tetraploid hybrids from crosses between disomic tetraploid Solanum acaule and tetrasomic tetraploid potato, S. tuberosum. Several genotypes of tetraploid potatoes were pollinated with S. acaule, and the compatible second pollinations were made on the following day, with a genotype of S. phureja, IvP 35 to promote fruit development. Embryo rescue was carried out in 21 families, 14 to 27 days after the first pollination. A total of eight plants were obtained from the embryo rescue and their chromosome numbers were counted in the root tips. Three of the eight plants were identified as tetraploid, and five others as diploid. Morphology, isozyme banding patterns, and pollen stainability, as well as potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) resistance, indicated the hybrid nature of the three plants. This is the first report of successful tetraploid hybrid production between disomic tetraploid S. acaule (4x) and tetrasomic tetraploid potatoes. Seed set from the crosses between one of hybrids and diploid potatoes indicated workable levels of both male and female fertility for introgression of valuable genes from S. acaule into the cultivated potato gene pool. The methodology used may be applied to other disomic tetraploid tuber-bearing Solanum species and with some modifications also to distantly related solanaceous species and genera.  相似文献   

Selection of vigorous and fertile S-homo- and heterozygous tester clones from self-incompatible diploid potato, Solanum tuberosum L.     

R. Eijlander  M.S. Ramanna  E. Jacobsen 《Euphytica》1997,97(1):97-111

For the selection of diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes that are useful for the molecular and genetic analysis of the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility, three different types of basic populations were investigated. These populations were derived from three primary dihaploid clones, G609, G254 and B16, which possessed the S-allele combinations S1S2, S1S3 and S3S4 respectively. In order to select highly vigorous, profusely flowering, fertile and tuberising progenies, three types of populations, derived from the above mentioned diploid genotypes, were screened for performance and classified for the expression of self-incompatibility. Although the selection for well defined S-genotypes was sometimes complicated due to the occurrence of pseudo-compatibility and of a self-compatibilising factor, the use of a combination of criteria, viz., Iso Electric Focusing (IEF), pollen tube growth in the styles and the extent of berry and seed set made the selection of sufficient representatives of all six types of S-heterozygotes (S1S2, S1S3, S1S4, S2S3, S2S4 and S3S4) possible. After evaluating the strength of the self-incompatibility reaction in these heterozygotes, those with high expression were selfed, and intercrossed within their S-allele incompatibility group through the method of counterfeit pollination. In these progenies, well-performing S-homozygotes (S1S1; S2S2; S3S3; S4S4) for all four S-alleles with high expression of self-incompatibility were selected. As a result, all possible S-homo- and heterozygous genotypes with a predictable type of self-incompatibility are available and maintained both vegetatively and as botanical seed. The development of this material has paved the way for more critical analysis of molecular factors involved in self-incompatibility in diploid potato. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献