Simulation of automatic control of an irrigation canal     

D. Lozano  C. Arranja  M. Rijo  L. Mateos   《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(1):91-100

Improved water management and efficient investment in the modernization of irrigation schemes are essential measures in many countries to satisfy the increasing demand for water. Automatic control of the main canals is one method for increasing the efficiency and flexibility of irrigation systems. In 2005, one canal in the irrigation scheme ‘Sector B-XII del Bajo Guadalquivir’ was monitored. This canal is representative of irrigation schemes in Southern Spain; it is divided into four pools and supplies an area of 5154 ha. Ultrasonic sensors and pressure transducers were used to record the gate opening and water levels at the upstream and downstream ends of each canal pool. Using the recorded data and the SIC (Simulation of Irrigation Canals) hydraulic model, two canal control options (local upstream control and distant downstream control) were evaluated using a PI (Proportional-Integral) control algorithm. First, the SIC model was calibrated and validated under steady-state conditions. Then the proportional and integral gains of the PI algorithm were calibrated. The controllers were tested using theoretical demand changes (constant outflow followed by a sudden demand increase or decrease) and real demand changes generated on the basis of a spatially distributed crop water balance that included a number of sources of variability (random and not random) in the determination of field irrigation timing and depth. The results obtained show that only the distant downstream controller was able to adjust quickly and automatically the canal dynamics to the varying water demands; it achieved this efficiently and with few spills at the canal tail, even when there were sudden and significant flow variations.  相似文献   

番茄远缘杂交不亲和性的研究     

马光恕  廉华  景艳丽 《吉林农业科学》2004,29(2):45-48

目前番茄种质资源日趋匮乏,种质资源的研究和创新对番茄育种来说具有重大意义。与之相反,野生种番茄及番茄近缘野生种穴SL雪却拥有丰富的遗传资源,它们对番茄遗传资源改良具有不可估量的价值,远缘杂交无疑是改良番茄遗传资源的最佳途径,但远缘杂交不亲和性是影响其成功与否的关键因素。因此,主要论述了番茄远缘杂交不亲和性的研究情况。  相似文献   

Gene action controlling yield and yield‐related traits among tef (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) populations under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Mizan Tesfay Abraha  Hussien Shimelis  Mark Laing  Kebebew Assefa 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(4):585-597

This study was aimed to determine gene action for grain yield and yield‐related traits of newly developed tef populations under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions to improve drought tolerance. Ten crosses, along with the parents, were evaluated in the F₂ generation under drought‐stressed conditions at Hastebo and Adigdad sites in 2015 and Dura site in 2016 and under nonstressed conditions at Dura site in 2016. Additive gene action predominantly controlled the inheritance of the grain yield and majority of the yield‐related traits under drought‐stressed and nonstressed conditions. Under both test conditions, the genotypes DZ‐Cr‐387 and 9415 were the best general combiners for increased grain yield and morphological traits. Conversely, genotype 222076 was the best general combiner for reduced maturity period only. The selected parents are novel genetic materials for tef breeding programmes to improve grain yield and morphological traits with reduced days to maturity for drought tolerance breeding. The family of the cross DZ‐Cr‐387 × 222076 was selected for high grain yield and early maturity in both the drought‐stressed and nonstressed environments.  相似文献   

三角鲂(♀)×翘嘴鲌(♂)杂交F₁的生长性能及形态差异     

郭洪洪  郑国栋  吴成宾  陈杰  蒋霞云  邹曙明 《水产学报》2018,42(10):1572-1581

为探讨三角鲂、翘嘴鲌及其杂交子代的生长性能与形态差异,本研究开展了广东东江三角鲂(MT)与长江水系翘嘴鲌(CA)远缘杂交实验,获得了三角鲂♀×翘嘴鲌♂新型鲂鲌杂交F1优良组合。以团头鲂(MA)♀×翘嘴鲌♂杂交F1、三角鲂、翘嘴鲌、团头鲂自交子代4个群体为对照,比较分析了MT♀×CA♂杂交F1的生长性能及形态差异。结果显示,(1)土池同池生长性能在1龄时,MT♀×CA♂、MA♀×CA♂表现出显著的超父本CA杂种优势;2龄时,MT♀×CA♂、MA♀×CA♂表现出显著的超双亲生长优势;3龄时,MT♀×CA♂不仅具显著的超双亲生长优势,且体质量也显著高于MA♀×CA♂。(2)MT♀×CA♂的可数和可量性状多数表现为中间型。可数性状的分析结果显示,MT♀×CA♂臀鳍等多个性状介于父母本之间,平均杂种指数为65.00,接近中间值,略偏向于父本CA。可量性状表明MT♀×CA♂有7个性状分别与父母本有显著性差异,平均杂种指数为51.61,接近理想的中间值。(3)聚类分析显示鲂鲌杂种MT♀×CA♂和MA♀×CA♂聚为一支,MT和MA聚为一支,然后这两支汇聚后与CA聚为一支。主成分分析得到累计贡献率达56.02%的3个主成分,反映了鱼体高、躯干、头部和尾部的形态变异;通过构建5个群体的判别函数进行判别分析,判别准确率为87.1%~100.0%。研究表明,三角鲂(♀)×翘嘴鲌(♂)F1杂种表现出生长快、形态优等优良性状,有望进一步培育成为优良鲂鲌杂交新品种。  相似文献   

粳型亲籼系在杂交稻育种中的应用及思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宏  周少川  黄道强  赖穗春  王志东  周德贵  王重荣  罗文永 《福建稻麦科技》2016,(1):1-4

概述了粳型亲籼系在杂交稻育种中的应用情况,解释并分析了粳型亲籼系能成功育成不育系的原因,提出了利用粳型亲籼系培育掺粳籼型杂交稻的育种策略并分析其育种效率,随着掺粳籼型杂交稻的育种规模扩大,利用粳型亲籼系比直接利用粳稻的育种效率高。  相似文献   

肉用型乌鸡新品系选育初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘海斌  闫贵龙  吴占福  赵月平  张立永  刘立文  马旭平 《河北北方学院学报(自然科学版)》2005,21(3):52-54,67

丝羽乌鸡是我国古老的鸡种之一,具有极高的药用价值,但存在生产性能低、价格昂贵等问题。肉用型乌鸡是采用三元杂交方式,通过丝羽乌鸡、本地柴鸡、山地乌骨鸡杂交选育而成。课题组成员经过五年四个世代的选育,选育成了一个生产性能大为提高,既具有营养、滋补、药用功效,又适应冀西北地区寒冷气候条件,也具备丝羽乌鸡“十全”特征的大型肉用乌鸡。  相似文献   

杉木远交组合子代早期差异及其与亲本遗传距离间的关系     

齐明  何玉友  李因刚 《西南林学院学报》2009,29(6):15-19

借助方差分析,对杉木与侧柏远交子代的早期表现进行分析,发现远交组合间存在明显差异,应用DPS软件和Gene Xprotools4．0软件,对远交组合的平均表现与其亲本分子遗传距离间的关系进行比较研究,结果发现,远交组合的平均表现与其亲本的分子遗传距离间存在密切的、复杂的且可预测的关系。还对杉木远缘杂交育种中的若干问题进行了探究与分析,认为杉木与侧柏远缘杂交育种是有前途的,  相似文献   

蟹爪兰的花器结构和繁育系统研究     

赵天荣  蔡建岗  施永泰  倪建刚  沈岚 《浙江农业学报》2013,25(6):0

运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比、花粉及柱头活力、坐果率等指标研究蟹爪兰Zygocactus品种丹麦红的花部特征、开花动态及授粉特性等。在人工栽培条件下, 蟹爪兰丹麦红11至12月份开花, 群体花期64 d, 单株花期34～53 d, 单花花期6～8 d。雄蕊短于花柱, 花药与柱头相差105 cm, 在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变。开花当天的花粉活力最强,花后3～5 d的柱头具有较强的可授性。杂交指数OCI为4, P/O值为697,结合坐果率结果判断其繁育系统属于异交, 自交不亲和, 需要传粉者。特殊的花部结构和缺少传粉者可能是蟹爪兰结实率较低的原因。  相似文献   

三结合育种方法在小麦优异种质创育中的应用     

张克英  贺德先  张建云  詹克慧  吴寅 《河南农业科学》2011,40(8):50-53,71

为创建新型的小麦基因体系,并为性状改良和新品种选育提供丰富的种质资源,利用远缘杂交、多倍体育种和电离辐射三结合的育种方法,进行了37 a的小麦超亲遗传及新种质创育工作。结果表明,三结合育种后代品系的染色体数量变异和结构变异幅度大,趋向双亲性状类型的分离较少而超亲遗传突出,后代种质分离持续时间长,不少具有较好的综合性状,籽粒产量和品质较常规育种后代显著提高。研究证明,三结合育种方法既克服了单纯的远缘杂交、多倍体育种或辐射育种方法的缺点,又综合了它们的优点,为丰富小麦种质资源和提高小麦育种效率开辟了一条新途径。  相似文献   

糯玉米自交系光合特性的配合力分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王利强  包和平  王晓波 《河南农业科学》2011,40(4):41-44,48

为了探讨糯玉米光合性状的遗传规律,利用8个糯玉米自交系(JN2、JN4、JN7、JN8、JN10、JN12、JN14、JN15)进行完全双列杂交,采用GriffingⅡ方法对糯玉米3个光合性状(光合速率、叶面积、叶绿素含量)进行配合力分析,并对其遗传参数进行估算.结果表明,光合速率受遗传因素影响较大(h2B=89.04...  相似文献