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41.
混凝土或浆砌石坝施工中,底孔导流被广泛采用。底孔导流施工中的二期围堰高程的确定需要考虑水库调蓄作用,进行调洪演算。 相似文献
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针对目前国内众多ZigBee温室监控系统方案基本只限于小面积温控系统应用,没有应用ZigBee自身的路由功能扩展到大面积应用等问题,提出了基于多级路由的ZigBee无线温室监测系统的方案设计,以解决农用大面积温室监测问题。介绍了系统方案设计,节点的软硬设计,阐述了ZigBee多级路由原理及实现。实验数据测试表明,基于ZigBee多级路由的无线温室监测系统,基本能够满足现代大面积的温室监测系统的需求,有效改善了当前ZigBee温室监测系统应用面积小的不足,推进了温室系统技术的发展。 相似文献
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Making use of the meeting opportunity raised by the movement of nodes, the messages are transmitted with the manner of “store-carry-forward” in opportunistic network. So these networks have a feature of longer delay than conventional ad hoc network. Current routing schemes try their best to deliver packet but leading to definitely network delay and are based on random movement model. According to the social character of nodes in network, the distributed predicting scheme on the expectation of meeting time between nodes is proposed; moreover, according to the estimating results, the relay node can be selected reasonably. With this manner, the message can be forwarded to the destination. Simulations show that the proposed estimating method is accurate; furthermore, comparing with the widely used routing mechanism, the performance on the delay can be improved more than 30%. 相似文献
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随着无线终端数量的快速增长和多媒体图像等高带宽传输业务需求的增加，农业物联网相关领域可预见地会出现无线频谱资源紧缺问题。针对基于传统物联网的作物表型信息采集系统中存在由于节点密集部署导致数据传输过程容易出现频谱竞争、数据拥堵的现象以及固定电池的网络由于能耗不均衡引起监测周期缩减等诸多问题，本研究建立了一个认知无线传感器网络（CRSN）作物表型信息采集模型，并针对模型提出一种引入边缘计算机制的动态频谱和能耗均衡（DSEB）的事件驱动分簇路由算法。算法包括：（1）动态频谱感知分簇，采用层次聚类算法结合频谱感知获取的可用信道、节点间的距离、剩余能量和邻居节点度为相似度对被监控区域内的节点进行聚类分簇并选取簇头，构建分簇拓扑的过程对各分簇大小的均衡性引入奖励和惩罚因子，提升网络各分簇平均频谱利用率；（2）融入边缘计算的事件触发数据路由，根据构建的分簇拓扑结构，将待检测各区域变化异常表型信息触发事件以簇内汇聚和簇间中继交替迭代方式转发至汇聚节点，簇内汇聚包括直传和簇内中继，簇间中继包括主网关节点和次网关节点-主网关节点两种情况；（3）基于频谱变化和通信服务质量（QoS）的自适应重新分簇：基于主用户行为变化引起的可用信道改变，或分簇效果不佳对通信服务质量产生的干扰，触发CRSN进行自适应重新分簇。此外，本研究还提出了一种新的能耗均衡策略去能量消耗中心化（假设sink为中心），即在网关或簇头节点选取计算式中引入与节点到sink的距离成正比的权重系数。算法仿真结果表明，与采用K-medoid分簇和能量感知的事件驱动分簇(ERP)路由方案相比，在CRSN节点数为定值的前提下，基于DSEB的分簇路由算法在网络生存期与能效等方面均具有一定的改进；在主用户节点数为定值时，所提算法比其它两种算法具有更高频谱利用率。 相似文献
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Evaluation of three hormonal protocols for anovulatory lactating cows under regulations restricting the use of estrogenic compounds 
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下载免费PDF全文 Guang‐Min Yu Yue Wu Xian‐Long Wang Shuan Zhao Teruo Maeda Shen‐Ming Zeng 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(4):640-647
When European Union regulations restricted the use of estrogenic compounds in food‐producing animals, refined hormonal protocols were no longer applicable for anovulatory cows. However, Ovsynch and its adaptations are routinely and uniformly applied to all cows regardless of ovarian function. To evaluate their efficacy on anovulatory cows, 143, 147 and 144 anovulatory cows received Ovsynch, Presynch and G6G protocols, respectively. In comparison, 150 cyclic cows were bred without using a synchronized protocol. Results showed that cows in the Presynch group had luteolysis responding to the last prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injection greater than the Ovsynch group. The serous progesterone levels at the first gonadotropin‐releasing hormone of Ovsych and the last PGF2α injection was greater in the G6G group than the other two hormonal treatment groups. Concentrations of Ca2+ and total protein in cervical mucus in all three hormone‐treated groups before artificial insemination (AI) were significantly different from the controls. The G6G group obtained a greater pregnancy rate compared with Ovsynch and Presynch, but significantly less than the controls. For open cows in the Ovsynch group, estrus rate within 24 days after the first AI was significantly less than the controls. In conclusion, the G6G treatment resulted to better reproductive performance in anovulatory cows. 相似文献
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对于嵌入式温室控制器而言,采用无线组网方式构成温室监控系统要比使用现场总线方式组网具有灵活性,并且易于降低系统成本,更易于推广应用。在无线传感器网络路由协议中,传感器节点的能量支持和通信带宽对系统的稳定性与可靠性有很大影响。为此,针对嵌入式温室控制器特点,分析了传感器网络路由协议的工作原理和传播机制,并在OPNET平台上建立了仿真模型。仿真结果表明,定向扩散是一种较为理想的路由协议。 相似文献
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Obtaining accurate estimates of national belowground and whole tree biomass is important to better understand the global carbon cycle and to quantify biomass stocks and changes. However, the availability of individual tree belowground biomass functions is generally low due to the difficulty of extracting roots. Allometric birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth) biomass functions were derived from 67 trees for belowground and whole tree biomass using diameter at breast height (dbh) and height as the independent variables. The sampled trees spanned a dbh range from 4.0 to 45.5?cm and the functions provided a good fit to the data (RMSE?=?14.2?kg for BG and 40.7?kg for whole tree with dbh as predictor). Belowground, total stem, live crown, and dead branch biomass comprised 29.2%, 52.2%, 18.1%, and 0.5% of the whole tree biomass, respectively. Observed root-to-shoot ratios were between 0.21 and 0.88 with a mean of 0.42. Comparisons with existing belowground birch biomass functions from Fennoscandia indicated considerable differences in estimates between existing functions. The derived data-set for belowground birch biomass is the largest in Fennoscandia and the developed functions are likely the best available for estimating national birch biomass stock and stock change in Norway. 相似文献