Application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Phosphorus Fertilization Improved Growth,Yield and Nodulation of Soybean in the Sub-humid Hilly Region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,Pakistan     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):368-376

Two separate experiments (pot and field) were conducted to examine the response of soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Different treatments were i) Rhizobium strains (0, S377, S379, and the mixture of S377 + S379 i.e. S₀, S₁, S₂, S₃); ii) phosphorus (field only, 0, 50, 100 kg ha-¹i.e. T₀, T₁, T₂) and iii) two soils (pot only) i.e. autoclaved (A₁) and non-autoclaved (A₀). A soybean cultivar NARC-1 was tested for estimating growth traits, nodule number and mass, root development and yield traits. In the pot experiment, total number of nodules both in the A₀ and A₁ were negligible but increased significantly following the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In the field experiment, number of nodules increased from 6 in the control treatment without strains to a maximum of 86 in S₃T₁. Shoot dry weight increased significantly from 11.8 g plant-¹ in the control soil to 15.6 g plant-¹ in S₃T₁. Root length was increased but root mass was unaffected. Soybean seed yields ranged between 615 and 1003 kg ha-¹ against 543 kg ha-¹ in the control soil indicating a maximum of 85% increase over control. Shoot dry weight and seed yield had significant correlation with nodulation (R² = 0.91). The results of experiments revealed significant positive effects of rhizobium inoculation and P fertilization on growth, nodulation and yield of soybean and, generally, mixture of strains (S₃) was more effective than the strains S₁ and S₂. Results also indicated that high application of P (100 kg P₂O₅ ha-¹) reduced the efficiency of inoculants for nodule mass and seed yield.  相似文献   

Leaf Temperature and Transpiration of Field Grown Cotton and Soybean under Arid and Humid Conditions     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):224-228

Abstract

Abstract : Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were grown under arid (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) and humid (Matsudo, Chiba, Japan) conditions to analyze their abilities to adapt to arid conditions in terms of transpiration, leaf movement and leaf temperature. Under the arid condition, the leaf temperature of the cotton cultivars was higher than that of the soybean cultivar and the air temperature. There was no significant difference in leaf temperature among the cotton and soybean cultivars under the humid condition. The flow rate of stem sap in the cotton cultivars under the arid condition was always higher than that in the soybean cultivar, and was largely affected by vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Under the humid condition, however, the flow rates of stem sap were lower in the cotton cultivars than in the soybean cultivars. These results indicate that cotton can avoid heat stress by the high transpiring ability possibly supported by well-developed root systems, which leads to higher drought resistance under the arid condition. Soybean would adapt to arid conditions by the combination of paraheliotropic leaf movement and reduced transpiration.  相似文献   

High Yielding Performance of Soybean in Northern Xinjiang,China     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):401-407

Abstract

The experimental site (Shihezi, Xinjiang, China) is located in an arid area of central Asia with abundant solar radiation of almost 10 daily sunshine hours from April to September. The yield potential in this area appears to be high if sufficient water is supplied. The yields of five soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars including three semi-indeterminate Chinese cultivars (Shidadou 1, Xindadou 1 and Suinong 11) and two determinate Japanese cultivars (Toyomusume and Toyokomachi) were evaluated over three years. These cultivars were grown under drip irrigation, a high planting density (22.2 plants m^-2) and heavy applications of farmyard manure (15 t ha^-1). Each cultivar showed a high leaf area index (LAI). In particular, the maximum LAI was greater than 7 over the three years in Shidadou 1 and Toyokomachi. The three Chinese cultivars with a high plant height had a low LAI in the upper layers of the canopy, but the two Japanese cultivars with a short plant height had a higher LAI in the middle or upper layers. Toyokomachi and Shidadou 1 had the highest seed yield, followed by Toyomusume. In particular, the seed yield of Toyokomachi was as high as 8.67 t ha^-1 on the average of the three years. These high-yielding cultivars had more than 60 pods per plant (1350 m^-2). The high yields in this experiment could be due to the large amount of intercepted radiation owing to the high LAI and abundant solar radiation, frequent and sufficient irrigation by the drip irrigation, and large number of pods as a sink.  相似文献   

野生大豆转录因子GsWRKY57基因的克隆与抗旱性功能分析     

王岩岩  张永兴  郭葳  代文君  周新安  矫永庆  沈欣杰 《中国油料作物学报》2019,(4):524-530

WRKY转录因子是近年来在植物中发现的一类重要转录因子,在植物抗逆相关过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过对野生大豆转录组数据进行分析,从野生大豆中克隆得到GsWRKY57基因的CDS序列。该基因开放阅读框为903bp,编码300个氨基酸残基,分子量为34.23kD,等电点为5.88。氨基酸序列分析显示该蛋白含有一个WRKY保守结构域,属于III类WRKY转录因子。系统发育树分析表明该蛋白与栽培大豆同源性最高、其次是赤豆、木豆。启动子作用元件分析预测显示该基因可能存在多种非生物胁迫作用元件。组织特异性表达分析表明该基因在大豆叶片中高丰度表达,然后依次是茎、花、荚、根。GsWRKY57基因表达受茉莉酸、水杨酸、脱落酸、干旱等植物逆境诱导。过表达GsWRKY57基因的转基因拟南芥植株相对于野生型耐旱能力增强。  相似文献   

野生大豆与青贮玉米混作对饲草产量及品质的影响     

孙东升  刘成启 《大麦与谷类科学》2019,36(2):38-41

通过在辽宁地区对2个野生大豆品系与青贮玉米进行混作栽培,研究其对饲草产量和营养成分的影响。结果表明:野生大豆与青贮玉米混作可显著提高饲草产量,二者混作收获物青贮后营养成分较玉米单播均有所增加,野生大豆品系LYD140116与青贮玉米在混播密度6.75万株/hm2条件下,饲草产量和品质可达较佳水平。  相似文献   

利用荚果厚度模拟大豆鼓粒进程的研究     

李得孝  王晶  刘修杰  胡超  刘义 《中国农业大学学报》2014,19(1):29-36

大豆籽粒发育可分为鼓粒期和籽粒归圆期,探究无损伤检测鼓粒进程的指标对大豆相关研究具有重要意义。本研究以青鲜819-4、冀豆17、鲁96150和V94-3971为试验材料,通过分期播种、连续测定标记花荚的荚果厚度,分期收获同日标记的大豆籽粒并进行发芽率测定,研究大豆鼓粒期荚果厚度变化。结果表明:1)鼓粒期鲜荚皮厚度基本保持恒定,因此荚果厚度可用于度量籽粒厚度的变化。荚果厚度(y)与开花后日数(x)的关系可以用二次函数(y=ax2+bx+c)进行有效模拟。利用模拟函数可以对大豆鼓粒始期、最大荚果厚度出现期、鼓粒持续期以及平均鼓粒速率等进行有效预测。荚果最大厚度可用作判定大豆籽粒开始具备发芽能力的外观指标。2)荚果厚度变化受材料特性和外界环境的共同影响。同一材料不同时期标记的花荚,荚果厚度增速趋势可能有差异,因此在大豆籽粒灌浆特性研究中,同日标记花荚是籽粒灌浆特性研究中一项必要的控制措施。3)不同材料鼓粒特性存在差异,选择鼓粒启动早、鼓粒速度快的大豆品种是可行的。荚果厚度有望成为研究大豆灌浆特性和适时早收的无损伤选择指标。  相似文献   

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD     

Dong W.-K.  Ma X.  Zhou X.-W.  Lu X.-P.  Wang J.  Juan H.  Wang Y.  Ma H.-L. 《草地学报》2019,(1):130-140

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

Effect of cimicifugoside H-1 on amino acid neurotransmitters in striatum of rats with cerebral ischemia     

WU Mi-shan  ZHAO Su-zhi  GAO Wei-juan  WANG Ru  HAN Hong-wei  SHI Xu-liang 《园艺学报》2016,32(5):831-835

AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect of cimicifugoside H-1 and to explore the mechanism involved by determining the variation of amino acid neurotransmitters in extracellular fluid in the striatum of rats with cerebral ischemia. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, cerebral ischemia, high-, middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1, and ginkgo groups. Focal cerebral ischemia model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with sutures. Normal saline was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia group, while ginkgo and different doses of cimicifugoside H-1 were injected into the rats in ginkgo group and high-, middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1 groups, respectively, once a day for 7 d. The striatal fluids were gained in vivo by brain microdialysis. The contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid were tested by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detector system. RESULTS: Compared with sham-operated group, the contents of excitatory amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) were significantly increased 2 h after cerebral ischemia (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid were significantly decreased 2 h after cerebral ischemia in high-dose cimicifugoside H-1 and ginkgo groups (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid did not show significant decrease 2 h after cerebral ischemia in middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1 groups. Compared with sham-operated group, the contents of inhibitory amino acid (γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine) were significantly decreased 3 h after cerebral ischemia in cerebral ischemia group (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine were significantly increased 3 h after cerebral ischemia in high-dose cimicifugoside H-1 and ginkgo groups (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine did not show significant decrease 3 h after cerebral ischemia in middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1 groups. CONCLUSION: Cimicifugoside H-1 restrains the excessive releases of excitatory amino acids and increases the contents of inhibitory amino acids during cerebral ischemia. It doesn't only penetrate through the blood brain barrier, but also regulates the disorder of excitatory amino acid during cerebral ischemia, thus showing the protective function to cerebral neuron during cerebral ischemia.  相似文献   

甘氨酸浓度对普通白菜幼苗生长及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响     

王小丽  周倩  黄丹枫 《中国蔬菜》2016,1(7):68-74

为了探讨不同浓度甘氨酸态氮对普通白菜幼苗生长和氮代谢的影响,在水培条件下比较了2个普通白菜品种(华王和五月慢)4个甘氨酸(Gly)浓度水平下(0、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0mmol·L~()-1))全株干质量、总氮含量、总碳含量及氮代谢关键酶活性的差异。结果表明,2个普通白菜品种幼苗干质量、总氮含量、总碳含量及氮代谢关键酶活性均随着甘氨酸浓度的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势;2.5~10.0mmol·L~()-1)处理下2个普通白菜品种幼苗干质量、总氮含量、总碳含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性及根系硝酸还原酶活性、根系谷草转氨酶活性、根系谷丙转氨酶活性大多显著高于对照;20.0mmol·L~()-1)处理下2个普通白菜品种幼苗干质量、总碳含量、总氮含量及大部分酶活性基本与对照差异不显著,其中五月慢幼苗干质量、地上部总氮含量、地上部和根系总氮含量显著低于对照。综上,适宜浓度的甘氨酸态氮处理下植株较高的GS、GOGA活性及根系NR、GOT、GPT活性有利于普通白菜对甘氨酸的同化利用,从而促进普通白菜的生长和碳氮积累。  相似文献   

种粒大小选择对大豆种间杂交后代性状的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李新海  王金陵  杨庆凯 《华北农学报》1999,14(1):63-67

以两种类型大豆种间杂交组合Ｆ２至Ｆ４为材料,研究种粒大小集团选择效应及对其他性状的影响。表明：种粒大小是一个重要性状,大豆种间杂交后代随着向大粒方向选择,植株变矮,茎秆增粗,倒伏性降低,分枝数减少,产量性得以改善。在Ｆ２根据植株体表现进行种粒大小的分组定向选择,这种趋势能够有效地保持到高代。  相似文献