内蒙古玉米杂交种遗传组成分析与育种对策     

苏二虎  张来厚  冯勇  赵瑞霞  刘志雄  孙峰成 《玉米科学》2003,11(Z1):022-024

通过对内蒙古玉米品种回顾,把内蒙古玉米品种发展划分四个阶段:农家品种阶段;双交种阶段;单交种开始应用阶段;单交种普及快速发展阶段.通过对杂交种遗传组成、杂优模式分析认为:Mo17亚群、塘四平头群、330亚群是内蒙古玉米应用的主要种质类群;塘四平头群×Mo17亚群、Mo17亚群×其它类群、Mo17亚群×330亚群为内蒙古的主要杂优模式.最后对今后玉米育种提出建议。  相似文献   

Breeding and biotechnological efforts in Jatropha curcas L. for sustainable yields     

《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2021,6(4):180-191

Jatropha is a non-edible, important bioenergy plant, which can grow in marginalized land. The seeds possess about 36% oil and this would be converted into biodiesel or biojet-fuel. Jatropha provides an option for sustainable feed and fuel production due to its inherent qualities including hardy nature, drought tolerance and surviving with limited amount of water, tolerance to unfavorable conditions and excessive moisture. However, heterozygosity, low productivity and poor understanding of its genome are the major impediments to elite line development. Further, classical breeding and advanced technological investments remain limited owing to long juvenile phase and breeding cycles. Scientific technologies that lead to identification of elite genotypes and development of high yielding elite Jatropha lines and effective methods of detoxification of seeds needs immediate priority. Efficient tissue culture system, doubled haploids (DH) and genomic tools are increasingly made available to improve the seed yield and its oil quantity through the development of geminivirus disease resistant lines. The application of advanced, sequencing technologies has presented a repertoire of genomic information for this important yet orphan crop. In the present investigation, we highlight the achievements made in Jatropha towards development of high yielding, virus resistant elite lines and hybrids with yield potential ranging from 3 to 5 tons per hectare in a year, which is a first ever report in the world. We also developed potential biotechnological tools such as genetic transformation, genome editing and next generation genomics tools including linkage maps and QTLs for accelerating breeding efforts through marker assisted selection. Because of our concerted and continuous efforts during the past 15 years, we have overcome all the obstacles and developed high yielding, disease resistant hybrids/lines, advanced cultivation technologies with thorough knowledge on Agronomy of the Jatropha crop. The Jatropha cultivation technology developed for the first time in the world, could open up new avenues for higher yield productivity of commercial viability.  相似文献   

Genetic variance components and genetic effects among eleven diverse upland cotton lines and their F2 hybrids     

Johnie N. Jenkins  Jack C. McCartyJr.  Jixiang Wu  Osman A. Gutierrez 《Euphytica》2009,167(3):397-408

Selecting high yielding upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. lines with improved fiber quality is a primary breeding goal. A diverse set of ten cultivars and one breeding line were crossed in a half diallel. Parents and F₂ hybrids were grown in three environments at Mississippi State, MS. Ten agronomic and fiber traits were analyzed by a mixed linear model approach based on the additive-dominance genetic model. Variance component, genetic effects and genetic correlations were calculated. ‘Acala Ultima’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, lint percentage, and boll weight. ‘FiberMax 966’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, and all agronomic traits. ‘Tamcot Pyramid’ and M240 were poor general combiners for both fiber and agronomic traits. ‘Coker 315’ was a good general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, micronaire, boll weight, boll number, and yield. Heterozygous dominance effects were associated with several crosses, which suggest their use as hybrids.  相似文献   

波德代杂种一代羊肉品质特性研究   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

杨富民  赵有璋 《中国草食动物》2004,24(6):51-53

选取 7月龄的当地土种公羔和羯羔、波德代杂种公羔和羯羔各 5只 ,取肉样对肉品质进行分析。结果表明 :波德代杂种羔羊肉嫩度剪切值显著低于土种羔羊 (P <0 0 5 ) ;波德代杂种羯羔的熟肉率显著高于其它试验组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;土种羯羔的失水率极显著高于土种公羔和波德代羯羔 (P <0 0 1) ;波德代杂种羔羊肉色鲜红、肌间脂肪含量高、多汁性好 ,嫩度适宜 ,氨基酸种类齐全 ,营养成分全面 ,对当地土种羊在肉品质方面有良好的改良作用。  相似文献   

油橄榄×尖叶木樨榄种间杂交种真实性的SSR鉴定     

潘莉  李勇杰  马婷  吴涛  宁德鲁 《分子植物育种》2019,17(7):2279-2284

油橄榄种间杂交可拓宽现有油橄榄种质资源的遗传基础,其杂种真实性鉴定可为种间杂交技术改良和种质利用提供技术条件。云南省林业科学院以佛奥(Olea europaea cv. Frantoio)作母本、尖叶木樨榄(O.cuspidata)作父本,成功杂交育得子代。本研究利用14个在亲本间存在差异的油橄榄SSR标记,对3个种间杂交子代和1个疑似杂交种"欧莱雅"的杂种真实性进行了鉴定。结果表明,1个SSR标记(EMO90)仅在佛奥和杂交子代中有SSR-PCR扩增产物,而在尖叶木樨榄中无产物,表现为显性标记;其余13个SSR标记(Oli23,Oli26, GAPU01, GAPU59, GAPU71, DCA05, DCA07, DCA08, DCA15, DCA18, EMO2, EMO3, UDO09)为共显性标记,其中3个SSR标记(GAPU71, EMO2和EMO3)能够将子代杂合而亲本纯合的基因型直观进行呈现,明确证实了杂交种的真实性。本研究为今后油橄榄远缘杂交育种时杂种的早期鉴定提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

低温胁迫后增温对‘索邦’百合生理活性的影响     

葛蓓蕾  张萍  雅蓉  张瑞军  靳磊 《北方园艺》2020,(6):69-75

以百合品种‘索邦’为试材,以室温(昼/夜温度22℃/14℃)为对照(CK),通过人工气候室模拟低温环境(昼/夜温度8℃/2℃)对其胁迫处理3、7、10 d,随后立即增至室温,采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)光化还原法等常规方法测定其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸(Pro)及可溶性糖的含量,探讨低温胁迫后增温对百合10叶期、20叶期及现蕾期生理活性的影响,以期为冬季日光温室的调温及切花百合的种植管理提供技术参考。结果表明:与CK相比,低温胁迫后各生长期百合叶片SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸(Pro)及可溶性糖含量均随胁迫时间的延长不断升高,胁迫10 d后分别达到各期CK的0.97~2.33、2.05~5.26、1.84~2.14、2.40~2.49、0.87~1.87、1.77~5.33倍,增温处理后其SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、REC、Pro以及可溶性糖含量均随处理时间的延长不断降低,增温10 d后趋于各处理,分别为CK的1.03~1.26、1.12~2.18、1.02~1.12、1.35~1.72、0.87~1.03、0.56~1.32倍。在整个处理过程中,百合叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、相对电导率及可溶性糖含量随温度变化最为明显,且低温胁迫后增温可缓解‘索邦’百合不同生长期所遭受的生理伤害。  相似文献   

Mo17衍生系组配杂交种对我国玉米生产的影响和贡献   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  

鲁宝良  赵文媛  刘日尊  关国志 《玉米科学》2004,12(Z1):127-128

Mo17玉米自交系具有高产、稳产、耐瘠性强、适应性广等特点,由其所组配的玉米杂交种在我国的玉米生产中产生了极其重要的作用.如中单2号、丹玉13、本育9号和烟单14等,这些玉米杂交种种植区域从南到北,从东到西都有种植的历史.随着时间流逝,Mo17玉米自交系明显表现出易感大小斑病、早衰等退化现象.针对上述现象,全国各育种单位先后选育出优良Mo17衍生系,如吉846、吉842、丹1324、龙抗11、4F1、419和495等,这些玉米自交系所组配的杂交种表现出稳产性好、抗病性强、适应性广的优点,深受吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古自治区和辽宁东部山区农民欢迎。  相似文献   

Inheritance of quantitative resistance to downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. Vear  F. Serre  I. Jouan-Dufournel  P. F. Bert  S. Roche  P. Walser  D. Tourvieille de Labrouhe  P. Vincourt 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):561-570

Quantitative resistance to sunflower downy mildew was studied on inbred lines and hybrids not carrying efficient major gene resistance, in field trials in one to four sites over 3 years. Hybrids from factorial crosses showed that inheritance is under additive control and comparison with reactions of parental inbred lines gave narrow sense heritabilities of 27–57%. Analysis of a polymorphic recombinant inbred line population without efficient major gene resistance indicated that two highly significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) explained 42% of variation in field reaction to downy mildew. These QTL were mapped on linkage groups 8 and 10, and do not appear related to any of the known major resistance gene clusters. Possible bases of this type of resistance and its use in breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

氮肥用量对两种不同类型玉米杂交种物质生产及氮素利用的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周培禄  任红  齐华  赵明  李从锋 《作物学报》2017,43(2):263-276

旨在探明东北春玉米不同类型杂交种物质生产及氮素利用特征及其与产量的关系。本文以不同类型杂交种代表性品种郑单958(ZD958,Reid×唐四平头模式)和先玉335(XY335,Reid×Lancaster模式)为试验材料,2014年和2015年设置5个氮肥水平[0 kg hm–2(N0)、100 kg hm–2(N1)、200 kg hm–2(N2)、300 kg hm–2(N3)和400 kg hm–2(N4)]和2个种植密度(67 500株hm–2和90 000株hm–2)试验,比较研究了不同类型玉米杂交种干物质与氮素积累、运转及氮素利用的差异规律。结果表明,两年XY335品种的最高籽粒产量均高于ZD958,最优氮肥施用量明显降低4.8%~10.6%;相比ZD958,不施氮处理,两种种植密度下XY335品种干物质积累能力及物质运转效率都明显降低,而施氮条件下XY335品种的干物质积累量、花后干物质量及干物质运转效率均增加,同时增幅随着施氮量增加逐步提高,且在高密度条件下优势更为明显。开花期XY335叶片与茎鞘氮素含量显著高于ZD958(P0.05),而成熟期由于其较高物质的运转效率表现出明显较低的数值,籽粒氮素含量在高密度下差异较小,而低密度条件下相对ZD958显著提高(P0.05)。施氮条件下XY335品种花前、花后氮素积累量和氮素积累总量均高于ZD958,其中叶片中氮素的转运对籽粒的贡献率显著较高(P0.05)。两种种植密度处理最优施氮条件下XY335氮素利用效率和氮素吸收效率均显著高于ZD958(P0.05),而氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力差异不显著。可见,高密度条件下XY335类型品种表现出明显较高的物质积累能力以及花后物质运转对籽粒的贡献率,获得较高的氮素利用效率,表现出明显高氮高效的品种特征,因此生产上建议,东北春玉米区高密度种植条件下该类型品种在较高氮肥施用量时易获得高产高效。  相似文献   

春夏不同播期玉米籽粒镉积累差异     

汤彬  郭欢乐  李涵  曹钟洋  李亦文  陈松林  陈志辉 《分子植物育种》2021,19(2):672-678

本研究以34个玉米品种为材料,在湖南长沙和湘潭两地镉污染农田设置2个播期处理开展大田试验,探讨春、夏不同播期玉米品种籽粒镉积累差异.结果表明,播期对玉米籽粒镉含量有显著影响,春播镉含量高于夏播.不同玉米品种间籽粒镉含量差异显著,表现出广泛的遗传变异,变异系数大于100％,且广义遗传力可达85％.相关性分析结果表明,土壤...  相似文献