鲫(♀)×禾花鱼(♂)杂交及杂交F1、亲本的形态特征研究     

孙翰昌  代丽 《淡水渔业》2011,41(1):48-52

本实验对鲫(Carassius auratus,♀)×禾花鱼(Procypris merus,♂)的杂交进行了研究,并比较分析杂交子一代(F1代)及其亲本的形态特征.结果显示:杂交获得杂种F1的受精率为92.5%、孵化率为89.3%,成活率82.9%.6月龄F1代7项测定的可数性状均偏向母本;可量性状中F1有5项偏向母...  相似文献   

杂交鹅掌楸离体培养中器官发生的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

田敏  李纪元  范正琪 《林业科学研究》2005,18(5):546-550

以杂交鹅掌楸的叶片、叶柄、无菌苗的茎段及其芽基部切段为外植体,进行愈伤组织途径的器官发生及不定芽途径的直接器官发生培养。结果表明,多种外植体在诱导培养基上均能脱分化产生愈伤组织,其中无菌苗芽基部具有最高的愈伤组织诱导率。愈伤组织在MS 6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.5 mg.L-1和MS 6-BA 4.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.5 mg.L-1的分化培养基上能分化出不定芽。部分外植体在MS 6-BA 4.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.5 mg.L-1的分化培养基上直接分化产生不定芽。器官发生途径再生体系的建立为抗逆基因工程等工作奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Hybridization and invasive species in a threatened freshwater fish community under environmental pressures: Morphometric and molecular evidence     

Lucía Galvez-Bravo  Anabel Perdices  R. J. De Miguel  Ángela Lambea-Camblor  Charlotte Penney  Carlo Meloro  Begoña Martinez-Cruz  Richard P. Brown 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2024,34(1):e4046

Reproductive ability of triploid ornamental (koi) carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids and characteristics of their offspring     

Alexander G. Kramer  Boris Gomelsky  Jeffrey L. Warner  Noel D. Novelo  Brandylyn L. Thomas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2824-2830

The purpose of this study was to investigate reproductive ability of backcross triploid koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids. These triploids have been obtained by crossing of F₁ hybrid females producing diploid eggs with males of parental species. Triploid hybrid females, when crossed with goldfish or koi males, produced mostly aneuploid fish with ploidy range from approximately 2.2n–3.2n with a mean value 2.5n; some fish in crosses of triploid females with koi males were tetraploid (4.0n). Since analysed fish had in their genomes one haploid set from parental males, the data indicate that triploid hybrid females mostly produced aneuploid eggs with ploidy range from approximately 1.2n–2.2n and a mean ploidy around 1.5n while some eggs were triploid. Triploid hybrid males were completely sterile and have not released any sperm after hormonal injection. Despite their low viability, some aneuploid fish obtained from triploid hybrid females were raised in indoor recirculating systems until the age of 2 years and their reproductive ability has been evaluated. One aneuploid female with ploidy 2.1n produced larvae with ploidy range from 2.9n to 3.4n with a mean ploidy of 3.1n when crossed with a koi male; about 60% of obtained larvae had ploidy from 3.0n to 3.2n. These data indicate that this female produced mostly eggs with unreduced ploidy level.  相似文献   

Reproductive ability of second generation ornamental (koi) carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids and characteristics of their offspring          下载免费PDF全文

Jeffrey L Warner  Boris Gomelsky  Thomas A Delomas  Alexander G Kramer  Noel D Novelo 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(6):2317-2321

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive ability of second generation (F₂) koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids. Only diploid F₂ males and females were fertile and used in crosses. A significant increase was recorded in male fertility in F₂ versus F₁. In contrast with an earlier study in which only one fertile F₁ male was found, about 20% of F₂ males produced sperm. The observed reproductive ability of F₂ hybrids was similar to that demonstrated by the only fertile F₁ male and F₁ females. F₂ males produced diploid spermatozoa and generated triploids when crossed with koi females. All triploid fish in these progenies were males indicating that F₂ males had a sex chromosome constitution of XY. F₂ females produced diploid eggs and generated mostly triploids when crossed with koi males. In progenies obtained by crosses of F₂ males with F₁ and F₂ females, most of the surviving juveniles (63%–100%) were diploid; a minority of juveniles were aneuploid (ploidy ranged from 2.1n to 3.6n). Diploid fish in these progenies were presumably the result of spontaneous androgenesis and gynogenesis, by the same mechanisms observed earlier in progenies obtained by crossing the F₁ male with F₁ females.  相似文献   

不同水深条件对普通野生稻及其转基因水稻杂种F_1的影响     

张若依云  何美丹  李栋  袁睿智  李润  袁潜华  裴新梧 《热带生物学报》2016,(3):325-331

通过研究不同水深条件下海南普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff)及其转bar基因水稻杂种F1(简称"Bar野杂种F1")的农艺性状等指标的变化情况,分析水深条件对Bar野杂交后代适应性的影响。结果表明,Bar野杂种F1种子活力总体高于普通野生稻;在生物量方面,水深为10 cm时,野生稻总体生长优势明显,且随水深升高,野生稻和Bar野杂种F1生物量均有不同程度的下降;野生稻在各水深条件下株高普遍高于Bar野杂种F1,而水深对各品种的剑叶面积无显著影响。对比本实验与模拟野生稻原生境中的杂草生长情况,结果表明,深水对杂草生长的抑制作用明显。  相似文献   

分子标记辅助选择玉米杂种后代创新种质方法研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

从春生  李永祥  李春辉  石云素  宋燕春  张登峰  黎裕  王天宇 《中国农业科学》2016,49(20):3874-3885

【目的】目前,玉米生产上利用的杂交种95%以上是单交种。利用分子标记辅助选择手段探索从杂交种后代中高效发掘分别适合作父本和母本材料的方法,对于提高杂交种类资源的利用效率,推动玉米育种发展进程具有重要意义。【方法】以爆裂玉米杂交种JB1的F_1代种子作为试验材料,首先利用玉米全基因组范围内SSR分子标记,经聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对杂交种种皮和胚进行基因型检测,筛选多态性SSR分子标记,明确相应父、母本的基因型。在此基础上,选取10条染色体上均匀分布的多态性SSR分子标记对F_2及后续2个世代的分离群体进行逐代分子标记辅助选择,获得的后代材料可分为3组,即类父本材料、类母本材料和中间型材料。为了进一步评估所选材料的杂种优势恢复程度及在育种工作中的实际应用价值,在F_4代对类父本和类母本两组材料配制了组内、组间杂交组合;同时,利用3个测验种与基于分子标记选择获得的类父本材料、类母本材料以及在早代通过育种经验选取的优异材料进行测交试验,对最终获得的2 780个各种类型组合在北京顺义和河北蔚县2个不同环境下进行产量鉴定及综合评价。【结果】分子标记辅助选择显著提高了分离后代中材料的选择效率,F_4代辅助选择材料中,类父本材料与父本的相似度最高可达79.5%,类母本材料与母本的相似度最高可达73.7%,显著高于随机选择条件下的亲本相似度均值。不同类型辅助选择材料间保持了较大的遗传距离,最大可达86%。F_4代材料相互组配,不同亲本类型辅助选择材料组配的杂交种小区产量显著高于同类型辅助选择材料组配的杂交种。测验种组配的测交组合鉴定结果显示,本研究中与类父本材料组配的杂交种表现出较强的杂种优势,产量显著高于与类母本材料及早代通过育种经验选取的优异材料组配的测交组合,且存在产量超过原杂交种最大值的组合。【结论】利用分子标记技术作为辅助选择手段,从杂交种资源中发掘优异育种材料、开展种质创新的方法,可有效提高杂交种资源的利用效率。  相似文献   

施硅量对甬优系列籼粳交超级稻产量及相关形态生理性状的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韦还和  孟天瑶  李超  张洪程  史天宇  马荣荣  王晓燕  杨筠文  戴其根  霍中洋  许轲  魏海燕  郭保卫 《作物学报》2016,42(3):437-445

以籼粳交超级稻甬优12和甬优15为试材,比较研究了不同硅肥施用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg hm^-2)对甬优籼粳交超级稻产量及其形态生理特征的影响。结果表明: (1)甬优12和甬优15产量均随硅肥施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,且均以硅肥用量225 kg hm^-2处理的产量最高。产量构成因素穗数随硅肥施用量增加而递增,结实率和千粒重则随之递减。(2)甬优12和甬优15在拔节、抽穗和成熟期的茎蘖数均随硅肥施用量的增加而增加,茎蘖成穗率则呈先增加后降低的趋势,以225 kg hm^-2处理最高。(3)与对照(0 kg hm^-2)相比,施硅处理显著增加了拔节、抽穗和成熟期的干物重和叶面积指数,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量和光合势也随硅肥施用量增加而递增。(4)随硅肥施用量的增加,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶长和叶宽随之递增,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶基角和披垂度随之递减。此外,与对照(0 kg hm^-2)相比,施硅处理显著提高了茎、鞘干重及单位节间干重。文章还讨论了甬优籼粳交超级稻硅肥高效施用技术。  相似文献   

玉米杂交组合主要农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李清超  马浪浪  文琼  刘建新  马俊  梁振娟  王嵩 《中国农学通报》2015,31(30):74-78

为了探讨玉米杂交组合产量与其他主要农艺性状间关联的主次关系,应用灰色关联度分析法研究13个玉米杂交新组合8个农艺性状对产量的影响及各性状间的相互关系,结果表明与产量的关联度大小依次为单穗粒重>株高>穗位高>穗行数>百粒重>秃尖>生育期>穗长,在育种实践中,应注重对单穗粒重、株高和穗位高的选择,同时结合其余农艺性状的综合表现进行育种,将对产量有一个比较大的提升。  相似文献   

Phenotyping Castanea hybrids for Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance          下载免费PDF全文

C. Santos  H. Machado  I. Correia  F. Gomes  J. Gomes‐Laranjo  R. Costa 《Plant pathology》2015,64(4):901-910

Castanea sativa is susceptible to Phytophthora spp., a serious root pathogen causing ink disease, while C. crenata and C. mollissima show resistance to infection. Interspecific controlled crosses were established for introgression of resistance genes from the resistant species into the susceptible C. sativa, and two mapping populations were created. Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance of each progeny was evaluated by root and excised shoot inoculation tests. The number of days of survival after root inoculation was the best discriminator of resistance to P. cinnamomi while the percentage of shoots with internal lesions was the symptom most associated with survival. The lesion progression rate in the excised shoot inoculation test was strongly and negatively correlated with survival in the root inoculation test. The excised shoot inoculation test appears to be a reliable approach for screening the resistance of chestnut genotypes to P. cinnamomi. Strong genetic correlations were obtained between survival and ink disease symptoms and among symptoms, indicating that common or linked genes might influence resistance to P. cinnamomi. The most resistant genotypes selected from this study will be tested for other commercial variables, such as ease of vegetative propagation and stock–scion compatibility.  相似文献