Sclerotinia resistance in sunflower: I. Genotypic variations of hybrids in three environments of Argentina     

Marcela Godoy  Fernando Castaño  José Ré  Raúl Rodríguez 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):147-154

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infections on sunflower capitula produce white rot, one of the most dangerous diseases sunflower bears in all humid areas. Therefore, disease quantification on developed genetic materials is a very important action in sunflower breeding. Given the horizontal type of resistance these evaluations should be made in different environments. Several hybrids obtained after crossing seven female × seven male sunflower inbred lines in a factorial mating design were evaluated for resistance to white rot in two locations in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Disease incidence and the symptom appearance index indicated significant genotypic effects and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. Genotypic effects were a greater source of variance than the G × E interaction effects. The G × E interactions only represented changes in magnitude. These results were used to identify the best genotypes for both resistance factors. Four hybrids showed low disease incidence values under both artificial and natural infections, of which only two had high values of the symptom appearance index at both locations. These hybrids are considered to have adequate resistance attributes for the ascosporic penetration and the mycelium extension in the capitulum tissue and could therefore be sown in the province of Buenos Aires without increasing risks of S. sclerotiorum attacks.  相似文献   

Intersubgeneric Crossability in the Genus Glycine Willd.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. J. Singh  T. Hymowitz 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(2):171-173

In intersubgeneric crosses between wild perennial Glycine species of submenus Glycine and soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr., of subgenus Soja, all the putative hybrid pods aborted from 9 to 30 days after pollination (DAP). Spraying of 70 ppm gibberellic acid on hybridized gynoecia facilitated pod retention. Fluorescence microscopy revealed normal pollen germination and pollen tube growth in all the intersubgeneric crosses except in the G. cyrtoloba × G. max cross.  相似文献   

Breeding of Polyploid Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)     

K. Skiebe    M. Stein    J. Gottwald  B. Wolterstorff 《Plant Breeding》1991,106(2):99-106

Asparagus is especially suitable for polyploidy breeding. The aim is to develop clone-based hybrid varieties, in particular male 4 × varieties. For this purpose, genetically divergent diploid idiotypes * * Idiotye (according to Reiger et al. 1976) is the sum of total hereditary determinants of an organism, consisting of its genotype (all determinants localized in the chromosomes) and its plasmotype (all determinants localized extra-chromosomally).
) are subjected to mitotic or meiotic polyploidization. In developing hybrid partners, special attention is paid to resistance in addition to yield and quality characters. Early diagnoses are applied in selection so as to shorten breeding times. Somaclonal variations may occur relatively often on in vitro propagation; these need to be eliminated. Triplex and quadruplex type males are suitable for paternal hybrid partners. Strong inbreeding depressions need to be avoided in their production.  相似文献   

The Genomic Relationships Among Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc., G. max (L.) Merr. and 'G. gracilis' Skvortz.     

R. J. Singh  T. Hymowitz 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(2):171-173

The objective of this study was to establish genomic relationships among G. sojii, G. max, and ‘G. gracilis’ based on cytogenetic analyses. All three species hybridized readily, though pod set was low (2.2 %—5.3 %); seeds produced viable, vigorous and totally fertile F, plants which were normal in meiotic pairing. This suggests that all three species-belong to one gene pool and should be considered as forms of one species.  相似文献   

Estimates of leafspot resistance in three interspecific hybrids of Arachis     

Yousuf Sharief  J. O. Rawlings  W. C. Gregory 《Euphytica》1978,27(3):741-751

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杂种落叶松不同子代针叶内抗氧化酶活性的比较     

严善春  门丽娜  石蕾  鲁艺芳 《林业科学》2011,47(10)

为研究不同品种杂种落叶松针叶内抗氧化酶活性的差异,用紫外分光光度法对日本落叶松、兴安落叶松和长白落叶松的杂交后代,共2代7个家系的杂种落叶松针叶内的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及其差异进行比较分析。结果表明:2代7个家系杂种落叶松针叶内的CAT、POD和SOD的活性差异极显著(P<0.01),F1代CAT、SOD的活性普遍高于F2代,POD活性低于F2代。在抗氧化酶方面,F1代杂种优势高于F2代,F1代日3×兴2、F2代日12×兴9等具有较好的潜在抗虫性;结合其他抗虫生理指标,该研究结果在选育落叶松抗虫品种过程中有参考价值。  相似文献   

Preliminary Studies on the Intergeneric Hybridization Between Brassica napus with OguCMS and Orychophragmus violaceus     

WU Jun  LI Xu-feng  QIN Jin-hong  LI Lin  WU Shu-hui  TANG Ke-Xuan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(4)

In the cross between B. napus with OguCMS x Orychophragmus violaceus, pre-fertilizationcompatibility was observed. An intergeneric hybrid was successfully obtained by usingovary culture. The hybrid status was confirmed by cytology, morphology, fertility,isozyme and miosis analysis. The seed setting rate was 0.0072%. An amphidiploid of thehybrid was also produced by the use of chromosome-doubling method with 0.1% colchicinestreatment. Obtaining this hybrid and its amphidiploid has important theoretical andutilization value.  相似文献   

池蝶蚌与三角帆蚌及其杂种F1的同工酶鉴别          下载免费PDF全文

李晓英  董志国  程汉良  李家乐 《上海海洋大学学报》2006,(2):140-143

通过对外来种池蝶蚌(C)、三角帆蚌(S)及其正反杂种F1的肝脏同工酶进行垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了肝脏的SOD和EST同工酶谱带。结果表明,这两种蚌及其正反杂种F1同工酶的表达既呈现出一些相似的特征,又有明显差异。这四种蚌中分别有2~5个SOD位点,其中SOD-1为一强带且仅见于F1SC中,SOD-2在F1SC中为强带,但在F1CS中较弱,而其双亲中则无该带;SOD-3为一强带均保守的见于四种蚌中,SOD-4为一强带但仅在杂种F1SC中无表达,SOD-5为一强带但仅在池蝶蚌中未检到;在两亲本与其杂种F1中分别检测到4~6个EST同工酶位点,其中EST-4仅见于杂种F1SC中,EST-5在杂种F1CS中无表达,其余均有不同强弱的表达。  相似文献   

三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌及杂交F1代养殖效果与育珠性能的比较   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

谢楠  李应森  郑汉丰  汪桂玲  李家乐  戚鸟定  袁伟康 《上海水产大学学报》2006,15(3):264-269

使用三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌作为亲本进行自交与杂交,获得了4群体F1。对实施手术无核插片手术后1年、2年、3年的4群体F1的养殖效果与育珠性能进行了比较。结果表明,在各年龄组育珠性能方面,反交F1>池蝶蚌>正交F1>三角帆蚌,且反交F1具有显著杂交优势;正交F1在壳长、成活率方面具有一定杂交优势,其它方面指标均低于池蝶蚌,略高于三角帆蚌。实施插片手术3年的反交F1较同龄的三角帆蚌每只蚌平均产珠重量增加31.96%,大规格珍珠(Φ>8 mm)比例增加2.71倍,成活率提高20.14%;较同龄的池蝶蚌每只蚌平均产珠重量增加14.95%,大规格珍珠(Φ>8 mm)比例增加54.01%,成活率提高10.14%。  相似文献   

农作物区域试验中不同分析法的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

严明建  黄文章  吕直文  赵正武  袁项成  雷树凡 《西南农业学报》2007,20(1):31-34

采用不同的分析方法,对1999年重庆市水稻区试结果进行综合分析、评价和比较,结果表明:采用非参数统计并辅以稳定性参数(ai)和适应性(bi)参数,将使作物区试结果分析趋于完善。  相似文献