海鲜菇菌糠发酵饲料对山羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响     

张耀  黄小云  陈鑫珠  黄勤楼  黄秀声  韩海东 《草业学报》2022,31(9):195-205

本试验旨在研究不同添加比例发酵海鲜菇菌糠对简阳大耳黄羊屠宰性能、羊肉氨基酸、脂肪酸含量等品质的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取简阳大耳黄羊48只,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。分别在基础日粮中添加0(C组,对照组)、20%(L组)、30%(M组)、40%(H组)发酵海鲜菇菌糠。预试期10 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)L组宰前活重和眼肌面积显著高于H组(P<0.05),肺脏、肾脏、瘤胃、小肠、大肠重量以及瘤胃占宰前活重比例显著高于其余3组(P<0.05)。且随发酵菌糠添加量的增加,眼肌面积、肺脏、肾脏、瘤胃、小肠以及大肠重量呈二次变化(P<0.05)。2)各组间背最长肌pH无显著差异(P>0.05);L组24和48 h滴水损失显著低于其余3组(P<0.05),且均随添加水平的提高呈二次变化(P<0.05),熟肉率显著高于H组(P<0.05),剪切力显著低于H组(P<0.05)。3)L组背最长肌中必需氨基酸总量显著高于C组(P<0.05),天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸含量显著高于C和H组(P<0.05),丙氨酸、缬...  相似文献   

复合药剂对沃柑保鲜效果及残留的影响     

王淋靓 《中国果业信息》2024,53(3)

为了提高沃柑贮藏期的保鲜效果,同时确保安全用药。以沃柑果实为研究材料,用不同复合药剂处理,测定沃柑果实在不同贮藏期的失重率、可溶性固形物含量、好果率、药物残留的变化情况。实验结果表明,不同复合药剂处理对单果包装沃柑果实贮藏期保鲜效果及农药残留有不同程度的影响,其中经50%抑霉唑乳油250倍液+40%双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂3000倍液+20%烯肟·戊唑醇2000倍液+200mg·L-12,4-滴钠盐处理后的沃柑果实保鲜效果最好,贮藏60d时好果率可达到99.67%,且果皮和果肉中的双胍辛胺、2,4-D、抑霉唑的残留量在安全间隔期14d时均下降到安全食用范围内。。  相似文献   

日本蟳精子超低温冷冻保存技术的研究     

许星鸿  阎斌伦  徐加涛  徐国成  浦寅芳  许建和 《水产科学》2010,29(10)

以精子存活率作为评价指标,采用两步降温法研究了稀释剂、抗冻保护剂和预冷时间对日本蟳精子超低温冷冻保存效果的影响。结果表明:以采用稀释剂II、15%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为抗冻保护剂的保存效果最佳。在液氮中保存24 h后,精子存活率可达83.76%,保存一年后可达73.81%。精液的第一次预冷时间以25 min为宜。  相似文献   

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel     

F. Aranishi  N. Mano  H. Hirose 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,19(3):205-209

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.  相似文献   

褐藻酸降解菌的筛选及其生长条件   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王艳玲  唐学玺  杨震 《中国水产科学》2003,10(1):51-54

采用安藤芳明选择性培养基从自然发病明显的海带幼苗上分离出8株褐藻酸降解菌。研究表明，8株菌能够不同程度地降解褐藻酸钠，菌株A1和A2表现出较强的降解能力，接种1d后液体培养基即变清。温度是该菌大量繁殖的决定性因子，其生长的最适温度为20℃，最适pH7.5。褐藻酸钠质量分数为0.5％-0.6％时，不同氮源和碳源对菌体生长的影响不同，其中有机氮和铵态氮有利于菌体生长，尿素和硝酸钠抑制菌体生长；只有在培养基中含有褐藻酸钠时，菌体才能正常生长。  相似文献   

日本鳗鲡腐皮病病原菌的分离及鉴定   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

张伟妮  朱志华  陈智伟  梅景良  林旋 《淡水渔业》2010,40(2)

从患腐皮病的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)体表溃烂处分离到1株病原菌(322A),对其进行了人工感染实验和生理生化分析,测定了该菌株的16S rRNA基因序列和促旋酶(gyrase)B亚单位gyrB基因序列,并分别构建系统发育树。结果显示:感染实验证实菌株322A具有致病性;生理生化分析鉴定该菌株属于气单胞菌属(Aero-monassp.);16S rRNA基因分析显示,该菌株与气单胞菌属细菌的同源性均在99%~100%,构建的系统树显示,菌株322A与嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila(FJ462702))亲缘关系最近;gyrB基因分析表明,该菌株与A.hydrophila种内序列的相似性为96%~98%,种间序列的相似性为94%~95%,构建的系统树结果显示,该菌株与A.hydrophila(FJ608553、FJ608552、AF208259)聚为一个分支。综合上述实验结果,菌株322A可鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)。  相似文献   

莱州湾4种大型甲壳类的空间与营养生态位     

李凡  丛旭日  张孝民 《水产学报》2021,45(8):1384-1394

根据2010—2019年夏季莱州湾底拖网调查数据,研究了4种大型甲壳类(中国明对虾、三疣梭子蟹、日本蟳和口虾蛄)的优势度、种间联结、空间生态位特征,并应用碳氮稳定同位素数据分析了4种大型甲壳类的营养级、营养生态位与摄食来源。结果显示,口虾蛄、日本蟳是目前莱州湾夏季甲壳类最主要的优势种,放流种类中国明对虾、三疣梭子蟹为群落的重要种;4种大型甲壳类的种间联结性不强,显著正联结主要出现于中国明对虾与其他三者之间;日本蟳空间生态位宽度最高(2.45),口虾蛄(2.13)次之,中国明对虾(1.92)和三疣梭子蟹(1.93)较低;生态位重叠较高主要发生于中国明对虾与其他3种之间;4种大型甲壳类营养级相近(3.02～3.28),中国明对虾生态位总面积最大,三疣梭子蟹与日本蟳、口虾蛄的生态位总面积相近,三疣梭子蟹和日本蟳的营养生态位重叠较高;摄食来源分析表明,中国明对虾摄食双壳类比例更高,其他3种摄食来源同质化程度较高。目前莱州湾三疣梭子蟹和中国明对虾的优势度低于口虾蛄和日本蟳,表明增殖放流虽然扩大了三疣梭子蟹和中国明对虾的种群规模,但尚未较大程度改变甲壳类群落结构。综合4种甲壳类的群落地位、种间联结性、空间生态位宽度与重叠、营养级与营养生态位以及摄食来源的研究结果,中国明对虾与其他三者竞争相对较小,而三疣梭子蟹与日本蟳、口虾蛄竞争较大。为最大程度发挥增殖效益,建议在确定放流地点和放流数量时,应着重考虑相近生态位物种对放流物种的竞争和限制。  相似文献   

山姜对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌活性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王正君  张金辉  潘康成 《畜禽业》2007,(5):10-11

为研究中草药山姜粗提液对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌效果,特采用试管二倍稀释法和管碟法检测不同浓度的山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液在体外对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38菌株和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌直径,并以肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、4μg/mL硫酸庆大霉素作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果表明,山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对两株益生芽孢杆菌和ETEC无抑菌作用,硫酸庆大霉素对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株MIC均为1.25μg/mL,对ETEC的最低抑菌浓度MIC为0.625μg/mL。山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对受试菌株抑菌直径与生理盐水相比差异不显著(P>0.05),硫酸庆大霉素与其相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。山姜粗提液对两株益生芽孢杆菌无明显抑菌作用。  相似文献   

Alternating dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy caught by coastal fishery in relation to the Kuroshio meander in the Enshu-nada Sea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Hideaki Nakata  Shigeo Funakoshi  & Motohiko Nakamura 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(3):248-258

In the mid 1970s, the fishery catch of postlarval Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonica) in a shelf region of the Enshu‐nada Sea, off the central Pacific coast of Japan, started to decline corresponding to a rapid increase of postlarval sardine (Sardinops melanostictus). In late 1980s, sardine started to decline, and it was replaced by anchovy in the 1990s. This alternating dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy corresponded to the alternation in egg abundance of these two species in the spawning habitat of this sea. It was also noteworthy that during the period of sardine decline, sardine spawning occurred in April–May, a delay of two months compared with spawning in the late 1970s. The implication of oceanographic changes in the spawning habitat for the alternating dominance of sardine and anchovy eggs was explored using time‐series data obtained in 1975–1998, focusing on the effect of the Kuroshio meander. Large meanders of the Kuroshio may have enhanced the onshore intrusion of the warm water into the shelf region and contributed to an increase in temperature in the spawning habitat. This might favour sardine, because its egg abundance in the shelf region was more dependent on the temperature in early spring than was that of anchovy. In addition, enhanced onshore intrusion could contribute to transport of sardine larvae from upstream spawning grounds of the Kuroshio region. On the other hand, anchovy egg abundance was more closely related to lower transparency at the shelf edge, which may indicate the prevalence and prolonged residence of the coastal water, and therefore higher food availability, frequently accompanying non‐meandering Kuroshio. The expansion/shrinkage of the spawning habitat of sardine and anchovy in the shelf region, apparently responding to the change in the Kuroshio, possibly makes the alternation in dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy most prominent in the Enshu‐nada Sea, in combination with changes in the abundance of spawning adults, which occurred almost simultaneously in the overall Kuroshio region. The implication of this rather regional feature for the alternating dominance of sardine and anchovy populations on a larger spatial scale is also discussed.  相似文献   

Epidermal proteases of the Japanese eel     

F. Aranishi  M. Nakane 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(6):471-478

A fluorescent-sensitive assay was used to demonstrate the protease activity in the dorsal skin of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Two distinct extracts were separately prepared from skin mucus and epidermal cell layers, with no mutual contamination. The epidermal extract was sensitive to various substrates, whereas there was no, or only marginal, susceptibility to the same substrates for the mucous extract. Optimum hydrolysis pHs of the epidermal extract was variable and below pH 7.0, and the optimum hydrolysis temperatures were between 40 and 50 °C. In addition, Tos-Phe-Ch₂Cl, chymostatin, CdCl₂, CuCl₂, HgCl₂ and ZnCl₂ inhibited protease activities to different extents. Several other reagents specifically affected the protease activities, and their induced effects were useful for the identification of epidermal proteases. The findings indicate that a proteolytic factor, exhibiting various enzymological specificities, is retained within epidermal cell layers of Japanese eel. This factor is composed of 4 distinct proteases, such as cathepsins L and B-like proteases, a serine protease and an aminopeptidase.  相似文献