High frequency of plant regeneration from anther culture in flax, Linum usitatissimum L.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Y. Chen    E. Kenaschuk  P. Dribnenki 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(5):463-467

The effects of induction medium compositions on flax anther culture were investigated in order to improve the efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. Anthers were inoculated onto the modified MS medium supplemented with five different combinations of plant growth regulators. The medium containing the combination of 2mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced a significantly higher number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and a significant increase in overall efficiency of regeneration than the same basal medium containing 1 mg/1 a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/1 BAP (CK). Among the five levels of thiamin hydrochloride tested, the modified MS medium containing 10 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride significantly increased the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration compared with the same basal medium containing 0.1 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride. Maltose concentration had a significant effect on the percentage of anthers producing call, the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration. The medium containing 6% or 9% maltose produced the highest overall efficiency of regeneration among the five levels of maltose evaluated. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration, and dramatically affected the frequency of microspore-derived plants and the frequency of spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived plants. The efficiency of doubled haploid line production obtained in this study appears adequate for applied breeding programmes.  相似文献   

不同产地杜仲·紫苏和亚麻种子油中亚麻酸含量及出油率的GC-MS分析     

唐传球  沈志鹏 《安徽农业科学》2016,(8):98-100

[目的]开展我国不同产地杜仲、紫苏和亚麻种子油的亚麻酸成分评价,为进一步筛选和培育优良亚麻酸作物提供参考。[方法]采用索氏提取和GC-MS法,对11个产地的亚麻、7个产地的紫苏及10个产地的杜仲种子的出油率及α-亚麻酸的含量进行了比较和分析。[结果]不同品种的种子亚麻酸含量差异显著,最高为湖北十堰杜仲种子油(61.49%),其次为吉林延边紫苏种子油(59.92%),最低为山西大同亚麻种子油(48.09%);干重中亚麻酸含量最高为吉林延边紫苏种子(230.1 mg/g干重),最低为云南邵通杜仲种子(140.4mg/g干重);不同品种作物的出油率差异显著,亚麻和紫苏种子平均出油率分别为35.21%和36.80%,显著高于杜仲种子(26.40%)。[结论]在亚麻酸产业开发方面,要综合考虑不同品种、不同地区之间的种子品质差异性。内蒙古亚麻、长春紫苏和湖北杜仲种子油是最经济实惠,又能满足食用健康的油品,故提倡合理开发利用。  相似文献   

Effects of plant growth regulator treatments on stem vascular tissue development in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)     

Ryan R. McKenzie  Michael K. Deyholos 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1119-1127

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a widely grown source of industrial and edible oil. Other varieties of the same species (flax) are cultivated for the long, strong bast fibres of their stems. The bast fibres of linseed generally go unused, although there is growing interest in developing linseed into a dual-purpose flax from which both seed and fibre could be utilized. Towards this objective, an improved understanding is required of the role of plant growth regulators in stem and fibre development in linseed. We have tested the effects of applying varying combinations of gibberellic acid (GA₃), the auxin indole-3-acetic acid, and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol) to an elite linseed variety (CDC Bethune). Results showed that GA stimulated stem elongation, stem expansion and the proliferation, expansion, elongation and cell wall thickening of xylem fibres. The impact of GA on phloem tissues was less apparent, although GA had a positive effect on the number of bast fibres observed in stem transverse section, and GA₃ application in combination with IAA increased the thickness of bast fibre secondary walls nearly two-fold. Other than the bast fibre cell walls, IAA treatments (alone or in combination with GA₃) did not affect most aspects of linseed stem development, suggesting that the observed effects of GA were not mediated by cross-talk with IAA. The relationships defined here between GA, stem architecture, and bast fibre properties in linseed provide a useful framework for manipulation of fibre properties through breeding, biotechnology, and field treatments.  相似文献   

Extraction of flax shive using sodium ethoxide catalyst in anhydrous ethanol     

Robert V. ParsonsKari A.L. Parsons  John L. Sorensen 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1245-1249

This work investigated the yield and nature of solvent-soluble organic compounds extracted from flax shive using a room temperature reaction (20 °C) with sodium ethoxide catalyst at four different concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 M) in anhydrous ethanol. Results were compared with the use of aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.0 M) at two different reaction temperatures (20 °C and 100 °C). Quantitative yield from flax shive varied linearly with sodium ethoxide concentration and averaged 54.5 mg/g on a dry-mass basis (db) at 1.0 M. In contrast, the quantitative yield using 1.0 M sodium hydroxide was much lower, averaging 2.2 mg/g (db). Yield did not differ significantly due to changes of particle size in either case, or due to changes of temperature over the range considered in the case of sodium hydroxide.Analyses using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) confirmed all extracts to contain aromatic compounds, thus likely lignin derived, but found differences in chemical characteristics between the two extraction methods. One key difference was the presence of compounds with methyl ether groups in sodium hydroxide extracts that were absent in the case of sodium ethoxide extracts. Given that flax contains a mixed guaiacyl-syringyl lignin, methyl ether groups would be expected to be present. Control reactions on three model compounds were carried out to confirm that transesterification occurred with sodium ethoxide. These control reactions also demonstrated that methyl ether groups would be expected to remain intact under the extraction conditions reported here. In light of the higher yield of solvent soluble compounds recovered by extraction with basic ethanol, flax shive may represent a source of value-added phenolic constituents. This processing method may also represent a useful pre-treatment prior to the production of biofuels by cellulose degrading organisms.  相似文献   

亚麻与红麻的原生质体融合     

王丽爽  易继财  张宗申 《广东农业科学》2010,37(4):191-193

将亚麻与红麻的愈伤组织在水解酶的作用下分离出原生质体,然后利用PEG法使这2种原生质体融合。结果表明,用2%纤维素酶+1%果胶酶+0.55mol/L甘露醇处理材料,酶解6h后,可以获得大量游离的、圆球形的原生质体;利用40%PEG6000及0.3mol/LCaCl2溶液(含9%甘露醇,pH9.5)将这2种原生质体融合,可以获得稳定的杂合细胞。  相似文献   

10个亚麻品种对低纬度高海拔生态环境的适应性分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

肖伏杨建兵  梁雪妮刘齐元侯思名  刘飞虎 《中国麻业》2005,27(1):12-15

云南省处于低纬度高海拔地区，自然条件明显不同于传统亚麻产区。为了明确亚麻品种对云南自然条件的适应性，开展了10个引进亚麻品种在云南省的2年多点试验。结果表明，除双亚7号和黑亚10号原茎产量较低外，其它的各品种都能较好的适应云南省各参试点地区的自然和栽培条件，获得较高原茎产量。推荐阿里安、高斯等品种在云南推广种植，而黑亚11、12、13号的品种可进一步扩大示范种植面积。  相似文献   

Effect of resistance variation in a natural plant host–pathogen metapopulation on disease dynamics     

P. H. Thrall†  J. J. Burdon 《Plant pathology》2000,49(6):767-773

Existing theory suggests that increasing the diversity of resistance and virulence types in host–pathogen interactions will result in qualitative shifts in spatial and temporal dynamics, and greater among-population asynchrony in disease dynamics and prevalence. Here, data are presented from a biologically realistic metapopulation model of gene-for-gene interactions that indicate that population level variation in resistance diversity will be negatively associated with disease prevalence (fraction of individuals infected). The model also predicts that disease incidence (presence/absence) will be positively related to total resistance diversity across the metapopulation, because high resistance diversity also selects for more virulent pathogens. These results are then contrasted with empirical data from a natural host–pathogen system. While the argument that high resistance diversity should generally lead to lower disease levels has been applied extensively in agricultural situations, the connection between genetic diversity, resistance and disease dynamics has never been demonstrated in natural systems. Here, through analysis of multiyear data on disease prevalence in the context of knowledge of resistance variation among host populations in a natural plant host–pathogen metapopulation, the first evidence is provided that observed levels of asynchrony in disease dynamics may indeed be related to resistance structure.  相似文献   

Preliminary study of genetic diversity in Swedish flax (Linum usitatissimum)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Månsby  O. Díaz  R. von Bothmer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(4):417-424

To investigate the genetic diversity of Linum usitatissimumL. in Sweden, 18 accessions, including 13 cultivars and five landraces, were analysed. This study was based on genetic variation in three enzyme systems (i.e., PGD, GPI and MDH) by using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The total genetic diversity of the studied flax material was very high (H _T= 0.62). Even though the highest genetic diversity lies within the accessions (G _ST= 0.07), a clear differentiation between fibre and oil flax was found with respect to three polymorphic loci (Pgd-1, Gpi-2 and Mdh-1). A phenogram, based on Nei's genetic distances between the accessions studied, showed five clearly defined groups but with low variation within the groups. The unexpected high genetic diversity found within accessions in the studied flax material may indicate that flax is more outbreeding than earlier believed.  相似文献   

Influence of spatial structure on pathogen colonization and extinction: a test using an experimental metapopulation   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

P. H. Thrall†  R. Godfree  J. J. Burdon 《Plant pathology》2003,52(3):350-361

The Linum marginale–Melampsora lini plant–pathogen interaction has been studied extensively with regard to its epidemiology and population genetic structure (host resistance and pathogen virulence) in a natural metapopulation. In this study, this system was used in an experimental metapopulation approach to investigate explicitly how the distance (degree of isolation) between local population patches influences disease dynamics within a growing season, as well as the genetic structure of pathogen populations through stochastic colonization and extinction processes. The experimental design centred on four replicate sets of populations, within which patches were spaced at increasingly greater distances apart. Each patch consisted of an identical set of host and pathogen genotypes, with each pathogen genotype having the ability to attack only one of four host-resistance types. Over the 2 years of the experiment, the results showed clear 'boom-and-bust' epidemic patterns, with the strongest determinant of disease dynamics within a growing season being the identity of particular host–pathogen genotypic combinations. However, there were also significant effects of spatial structure, in that more isolated patches tended to exhibit lower levels of disease during epidemic peaks than patches that were close together. Extinction of pathogen genotypes from individual populations was positively related to the severity of disease during preceding epidemic peaks, but negatively related to the level of disease present at the final census prior to overwintering. The probability of recolonization of pathotypes into populations during the second growing season was most strongly related to the distance to the nearest neighbouring source population in which a given pathotype was present. Overall, these results highlight the importance of spatial scale in influencing the numerical and genetical dynamics of pathogen populations.  相似文献   

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Alginate/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Loaded with Linum usitatissimum Extract as a Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold     

Mahnaz Mohammadpour  Hadi Samadian  Nader Moradi  Zhila Izadi  Mahdieh Eftekhari  Masoud Hamidi  Amin Shavandi  Anthony Quro  Emmanuel Petit  Cdric Delattre  Redouan Elboutachfaiti 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

In the current paper, we fabricated, characterized, and applied nanocomposite hydrogel based on alginate (Alg) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) loaded with phenolic purified extracts from the aerial part of Linum usitatissimum (LOH) as the bone tissue engineering scaffold. nHA was synthesized based on the wet chemical technique/precipitation reaction and incorporated into Alg hydrogel as the filler via physical cross-linking. The characterizations (SEM, DLS, and Zeta potential) revealed that the synthesized nHA possess a plate-like shape with nanometric dimensions. The fabricated nanocomposite has a porous architecture with interconnected pores. The average pore size was in the range of 100–200 µm and the porosity range of 80–90%. The LOH release measurement showed that about 90% of the loaded drug was released within 12 h followed by a sustained release over 48 h. The in vitro assessments showed that the nanocomposite possesses significant antioxidant activity promoting bone regeneration. The hemolysis induction measurement showed that the nanocomposites were hemocompatible with negligible hemolysis induction. The cell viability/proliferation confirmed the biocompatibility of the nanocomposites, which induced proliferative effects in a dose-dependent manner. This study revealed the fabricated nanocomposites are bioactive and osteoactive applicable for bone tissue engineering applications.  相似文献