石灰性水稻土中硝酸盐依赖型与光合型亚铁氧化过程          下载免费PDF全文

陈志怀  王旭刚  孙丽蓉  董乐恒  郭大勇  石兆勇 《土壤学报》2023,60(1):127-137

厌氧条件下土壤中铁氧化还原过程与土壤氮循环关系密切,且硝酸盐依赖型亚铁氧化(nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation,NDFO)和光合型亚铁氧化(photosynthetic ferrous oxidation,PFO)是亚铁氧化的两个重要的生物途径,然而目前关于石灰性水稻土中NDFO与PFO之间的关系仍不明晰。以采自黄河中下游地区河南省孟津县的水稻土为样品,设置培养前添加和培养过程中添加10 mmol·L^-1的硝酸根离子/铵离子(NO₃^-/NH₄⁺)的恒温厌氧泥浆培养试验,通过监测泥浆中Fe(Ⅱ)、O₂、NO₃^-和亚硝酸根离子(NO₂^-)的动态变化与培养后的NH₄⁺含量探究了NO₃^-在石灰性水稻土Fe(Ⅱ)氧化过程的作用及其与光合型亚铁氧化的关系。结果...  相似文献   

京津风沙源区生态保护与建设工程对防风固沙服务功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

巩国丽  要玲  任丽霞  段菲菲 《水土保持通报》2020,40(5):181-188

[目的] 评价京津风沙源生态保护与建设工程自2000年启动实施近20 a以来的防风固沙效应,以指导工程二期的实施。[方法] 选取植被覆盖度、风蚀量和防风固沙服务功能保有率等指标进行分析。[结果] 京津风沙源区以草地为主,其次为林地和农田;工程实施以来,多年平均土壤风蚀量为7.87×10⁸ t,以微度和轻度侵蚀为主;一期工程实施期间的土壤风蚀量总体呈逐年减小趋势,二期工程实施以来,风沙源区遭受风蚀危害又逐渐加重,尤其是沙化草原亚区,该区风蚀模数变化趋势达到了8.96 t/（hm²·a）;就防风固沙服务功能保有率而言,整个风沙源区均值达到了0.82,低值区主要分布于沙化草原亚区（0.743）和晋北山地丘陵亚区（0.752）;二期工程实施以来,大部分区域保有率均显著提升,这与二期工程实施期间全年及冬春季的植被覆盖度变化情况一致。[结论] 京津风沙源的风蚀防治区重点在保有率下降区域和以草地和沙地为主的沙化草原亚区、浑善达克沙地亚区和科尔沁沙地亚区。  相似文献   

日本包膜缓释肥料养分释放及微结构研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹洪涛  韩艳玉  张玉玲  虞娜  新田郎  曹敏建  张玉龙 《土壤通报》2011,(4):926-930

采用恒温水培试验,研究了日本生产的五种包膜肥料(LP40、LPS40、SC60、LPSS和LPSS100)氮素释放特性,用一级反应动力学方程进行拟合,并用扫描电镜观察了包膜肥料水培前后膜的微观结构。结果表明,包膜肥料的膜材料不同,氮素释放量也不同;包膜肥料的氮素释放率随着时间的延长而增加;这五种包膜肥料的氮素释放特征均可用一级反应动力学方程来描述,氮素释放速率常数与氮素释放率成正比,与氮素溶出的半时值成反比;扫描电镜的图像分析结果显示,水培后LPSS、SC60的膜外表面完整性要好于LP40,LPSS的膜剖面结构很紧实,阻水性能好。  相似文献   

Involvement of Bradyrhizobium japonicum denitrification in symbiotic nitrogen fixation by soybean plants subjected to flooding     

Cristina Sánchez  Arsenio Granados  Eulogio J. Bedmar 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):212-217

Denitrification by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids contributes to nitric oxide (NO) production within soybean nodules in response to flooding conditions. However, the physiological relevance of NO production by denitrification in B. japonicum-Glycine max symbiosis is still unclear. In this work, soybean plants were inoculated with B. japonicum strains lacking the nirK or norC genes which encode the copper-containing nitrite reductase and the c-type nitric oxide reductase enzymes, respectively. 14 days flooding increased nodule number of plants inoculated with the WT and norC strains, but not of plants inoculated with the nirK mutant. However, nodule dry weight was not affected by 14 days flooding regardless of the strain used for inoculation. Supporting this observation, individual nodule growth was significantly higher in plants inoculated with nirK than those inoculated with WT or norC after 14 days flooding. Nodule functioning was strongly inhibited by flooding since leghemoglobin content of the nodules induced by any of the strains was significantly decreased after 7 or 14 days flooding compared to control plants. However, this effect was more relevant in nodules of plants inoculated with the WT or norC mutant than in those inoculated with the nirK mutant. Nitrogen fixation was also estimated by analyzing nitrogen content derived from biological nitrogen fixation in shoots, using the ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique. By using this approach, we observed that the negative effect of 14 days flooding on nitrogen fixation was more pronounced in plants inoculated with the norC mutant. However, nitrogen fixation of plants inoculated with nirK showed the highest tolerance to 14 days flooding. These findings allowed us to demonstrate the previously proposed hypothesis which suggests that NO formed by copper-containing nitrite reductase in soybean nodules, in response to flooding, has a negative effect on nitrogenase activity. We propose that inoculation of soybeans with a B. japonicum nirK mutant, which does not produce NO from nitrate, increases the tolerance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to flooding.  相似文献   

不同氮磷水平对南四湖区稻谷产量及肥料吸收利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵庆雷  李彦  马加清  杨连群  杜本怀  孙公臣 《土壤通报》2011,(5)

为了确定南四湖区农田合理的氮磷肥投入量,减轻氮磷流失风险,对不同氮磷水平下稻田的稻谷产量及肥料吸收利用情况进行研究。结果表明,不施氮磷肥使耕层土壤氮磷含量明显下降,稻谷产量显著降低;减施30%氮磷肥显著提高了氮磷肥利用率,降低了稻谷产量。过量施用氮磷肥处理对稻谷产量无显著效果,且显著提高了耕层土壤硝态氮含量,明显降低了氮磷肥利用率,促进了水稻对氮素的积累,对水稻磷素积累无显著效果。稻谷氮磷累积量明显高于稻草,稻谷和稻草含氮量均随氮磷肥施用量的增加而增大。氮磷肥利用率随氮磷肥施用量的增加而降低。减施15%氮磷肥对土壤氮磷含量和稻谷产量均影响不大,显著提高了氮磷肥利用效率,降低了经济成本,减轻了氮磷素流失风险,是南四湖区稻田较好的氮磷肥施用模式。  相似文献   

Impact of land-use types on soil nitrogen net mineralization in the sandstorm and water source area of Beijing,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lilin Yang  Fusuo Zhang  Qiang Gao  Renzhao Mao  Xiaojing Liu 《CATENA》2010

Changes of land-use type (LUT) can affect soil nutrient pools and cycling processes that relate long-term sustainability of ecosystem, and can also affect atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and global warming through soil respiration. We conducted a comparative study to determine NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ concentrations in soil profiles (0–200 cm) and examined the net nitrogen (N) mineralization and net nitrification in soil surface (0–20 cm) of adjacent naturally regenerated secondary forests (NSF), man-made forests (MMF), grasslands and cropland soils from the windy arid and semi-arid Hebei plateau, the sandstorm and water source area of Beijing, China. Cropland and grassland soils showed significantly higher inorganic N concentrations than forest soils. NO₃⁻-N accounted for 50–90% of inorganic N in cropland and grassland soils, while NH₄⁺-N was the main form of inorganic N in NSF and MMF soils. Average net N-mineralization rates (mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹) were much higher in native ecosystems (1.51 for NSF soils and 1.24 for grassland soils) than in human disturbed LUT (0.15 for cropland soils and 0.85 for MMF soils). Net ammonification was low in all the LUT while net nitrification was the major process of net N mineralization. For more insight in urea transformation, the increase in NH₄⁺ and, NO₃⁻ concentrations as well as C mineralization after urea addition was analyzed on whole soils. Urea application stimulated the net soil C mineralization and urea transformation pattern was consistent with net soil N mineralization, except that the rate was slightly slower. Land-use conversion from NSF to MMF, or from grassland to cropland decreased soil net N mineralization, but increased net nitrification after 40 years or 70 years, respectively. The observed higher rates of net nitrification suggested that land-use conversions in the Hebei plateau might lead to N losses in the form of nitrate.  相似文献   

添加秸秆对土壤矿质氮量、微生物氮量和氮总矿化速率的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

闫德智  王德建 《土壤通报》2012,(3):631-636

采用室内恒温培养法,研究了在乌沙土上添加15N标记秸秆后,秸秆15N在矿质氮、微生物氮和土壤不同组分中的分配情况,并应用氮同位素库稀释法测定了秸秆在乌沙土上的氮总矿化速率。结果表明:将秸秆添加到土壤后,微生物氮量显著增加,而土壤矿质氮量在14天时迅速下降。随着秸秆的分解,秸秆15N进入矿质氮库和微生物氮库,矿质15N在第7 d时最高,占到添加秸秆15N的6.7%,微生物15N在第14 d最高,占到添加秸秆15N的18.1%,随后矿质15N和微生物15N量都下降。56 d时,仍有50.8%的秸秆氮没有分解掉,5.4%的秸秆15N进入土壤53μm~2 mm组分,15.5%进入2~53μm组分,14.6%进入小于2μm组分,有13.6%的秸秆氮损失掉。在培养开始时,乌沙土的氮总矿化速率为2.81 mg kg-1d-1,秸秆在乌沙土上的氮总矿化速率分别为2.50 mg kg-1d-1。  相似文献   

滇池流域农田土壤氮素流失影响因子研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张燕  王自林  李永梅  张怀志  张维理 《土壤通报》2012,(4):916-922

本试验采用田间原位模拟降雨并结合多元线性回归(逐步)的统计分析方法,分别在滇池流域的6个点位研究了旱季和雨季农田土壤的理化性质与氮素流失的关系。结果表明:各点位进行的模拟降雨的产流起始时间、产流历时和平均出水速度,在径流和渗漏两种流失方式下差异显著;两次径流试验中,质地为砂质黏壤土的C-2点(大渔乡元宝村)的初始产流强度和平均产流强度均最大。渗漏是氮素流失的主要方式,流失的形态主要是与NO3--N为主。土壤的孔隙度与降雨平均入渗率呈显著正相关,与径流中总氮(TN)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)的流失量呈负相关。0～20 cm的土壤硝态氮含量与地表径流和渗漏中总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)的流失量呈极显著的正相关,是影响氮素流失的最重要因子,且0～20 cm土壤有机质含量与氮素的流失量呈正相关,土壤pH、5～20 cm的土壤含水量均与TN及NO3--N的流失量呈负相关。0～5 cm土壤铵态氮与NH4+-N的流失量呈正相关。  相似文献   

蔬菜与肥料中养分摩尔数比与作物生长及氮素利用的关系     

袁伟  董元华  王辉 《土壤学报》2011,48(2):445-451

生态化学计量学是研究生物系统能量平衡和多重化学元素(主要是碳、氮、磷、钾)平衡的科学。目前生态化学计量学的研究主要集中在水生生态系统和湿地生态系统,对陆地生态系统的研究相对较少。在我国,有关生态化学计量学的研究  相似文献   

水肥耦合对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郑志松  王晨阳  牛俊义  张美微  张洁  姚宇卿 《中国生态农业学报》2011,19(4):788-793

为了解不同水、肥条件下小麦籽粒氨基酸及蛋白质含量的变化, 2009~2010 年度在河南省洛阳市农业科学院以“洛旱2 号”小麦为材料, 采用防雨棚池栽种植方式, 研究了不同灌水量、施氮和施磷量及其互作对小麦籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明: 不同灌水量和施氮量对小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸均有极显著影响(P≤0.01), 且灌水×施氮互作效应显著(P≤0.05 或P≤0.01); 而施磷对其影响不显著。小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量均随施氮量增加而增加, 随灌水量增加而降低, 但当灌水量超过282.0 mm、施氮量超过179.2 kg·hm^-2 时, 各指标的变化不再明显,蛋白质含量在高施氮量下略有下降。而必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的比例呈随灌水量增加而增加,随施氮量增加而降低的趋势。从不同水肥处理组合看, 蛋白质和氨基酸含量以处理组合N₁₀₅P₄₂W₁₂₇[施氮量105 kg(N)·hm^-2、施磷量42 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2 和全生育期灌水量127 mm, 下同]最高, 必需氨基酸/总氨基酸以处理组合N_30.8P₁₂₆W₂₈₂ 最高。籽粒产量随灌水量的增加而增加, 且产量高的处理其水分利用效率也较高。综合从蛋白质及氨基酸产量看, 以处理组合N_179.2P₁₂₆W₂₈₂ 表现最好, 即施氮量为179.2 kg·hm^-2、施磷量为126 kg·hm^-2、灌水量为282 mm。  相似文献