土壤不同粒级中C、N、P、K的分配及N的有效性研究   总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38  

王岩  杨振明  沈其荣 《土壤学报》2000,37(1):85-94

本试验首先把７种采自不同省份的耕作土壤进行物理分级,然后测定了土壤Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ在不同粒级中的分布,同时还进行不同粒有中Ｎ的有效笥研究。结果表明：在不同粒级中Ｃ、Ｎ含量和分布均随土壤颗粒的加粗而逐渐下降,血Ｃ／Ｎ比则与此相反。在〈２μｍ粒级中Ｎ的有效性最高,随着土壤颗粒粒和戏的加粗有效性逐渐降低,在酸性土壤中Ｐ主要分布在较细的粒级中,而在石灰性土壤中则粗有效性逐渐降低。在酸性土壤中Ｐ主要分布在较细  相似文献   

Quantifying microbial biomass phosphorus in acid soils   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

J. Wu  Z.-L. He  W.-X. Wei  A. G. O'Donnell  J. K. Syers 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,32(6):500-507

 This study aimed to validate the fumigation-extraction method for measuring microbial biomass P in acid soils. Extractions with the Olsen (0.5 M NaHCO₃, pH 8.5) and Bray-1 (0.03 M NH₄F–0.025 M HCl) extractants at two soil:solution ratios (1 : 20 and 1 : 4, w/v) were compared using eight acid soils (pH 3.6–5.9). The data indicated that the flushes (increases following CHCl₃-fumigation) of total P (P_t) and inorganic P (P_i) determined by Olsen extraction provided little useful information for estimating the amount of microbial biomass P in the soils. Using the Bray-1 extractant at a soil:solution ratio of 1 : 4, and analysing P_i instead of P_t, improves the reproducibility (statistical significance and CV) of the P flush in these soils. In all the approaches studied, the P_i flush determined using the Bray-1 extractant at 1 : 4 provided the best estimate of soil microbial biomass P. Furthermore, the recovery of cultured bacterial and fungal biomass P added to the soils and extracted using the Bray-1 extractant at 1 : 4 was relatively constant (24.1–36.7% and 15.7–25.7%, respectively) with only one exception, and showed no relationship with soil pH, indicating that it behaved differently from added P_i (recovery decreased from 86% at pH 4.6 to 13% at pH 3.6). Thus, correcting for the incomplete recovery of biomass P using added P_i is inappropriate for acid soils. Although microbial biomass P in soil is generally estimated using the P_i flush and a conversion factor (k _P) of 0.4, more reliable estimates require that k _P values are best determined independently for each soil. Received: 3 February 2000  相似文献   

嫁接促活剂对黄瓜嫁接苗愈伤过程、~(32)P和~(14)C的吸收和运转的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

管长志  尹立荣  郭富常  于凤义  张萍 《核农学报》1999,13(1):0-0

^32P和^14C示踪试验结果表明,嫁接促活剂可使砧木吸收^32P的量比对照增加1倍,使砧木吸收的^32P运到接穗或使接穗同化的^14C到砧木比对照提早2d,并且明显提高了^32P和^14C的输出量及比例,明显促进接口愈伤组织的形成和维管束的连接,提高了嫁接成活率。  相似文献   

Microbial populations,enzyme activities and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium enrichment in earthworm casts and in the surrounding soil of a pineapple plantation     

S. C. Tiwari  B. K. Tiwari  R. R. Mishra 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,8(2):178-182

Summary Total populations of bacteria and fungi, dehydrogenase activity (as a measure of total potential microbial activity), and urease and phosphatase activities were determined in earthworm casts and surrounding laterite soils planted to pineapple. The casts contained higher microbial populations and enzyme activities than the soil. Except for fungal populations, statistically significant (P = 0.05) increases were found in all other parameters. Microbial populations and enzyme activities showed similar temporal trends with higher values in spring and summer and lower values in winter. The earthworm casts contained higher amounts of N, P, K and organic C than the soil (P = 0.05). Selective feeding by earthworms on organically rich substrates, which break down during passage through the gut, is likely to be responsible for the higher microbial populations and greater enzyme activity in the casts.  相似文献   

The effect of soil flooding on the transformation of Fe oxides and the adsorption/desorption behavior of phosphate     

Yongsong Zhang  Xianyong Lin  Wilfried Werner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):68-75

As repeatedly reported, soil flooding improves the availability of P to rice. This is in contrast with an increased P sorption in paddy soils. The effects of soil flooding on the transformation of Fe oxides and the adsorption/desorption of P of two paddy soils of Zhejiang Province in Southeast‐China were studied in anaerobic incubation experiments (submerging with water in N₂ atmosphere). Soil flooding significantly increased oxalate‐extractable Fe (Fe_ox), mainly at the expense of dithionite‐soluble Fe (Fe_DCB), as well as oxalate‐extractable P (P_ox), but decreased the ratio of P_ox/Fe_ox. Flooding largely increased both, P adsorption and the maximum P adsorption capacity. The majority of newly sorbed P in the soils was P_ox, but also more newly retained P was found to be not extractable by oxalate. Flooding also changed the characteristics of P desorption in the soils. Due to a decrease of the saturation index of the P sorption capacity, P adsorbed by flooded soils was much less desorbable than that from non‐flooded soils. There are obviously significant differences in the nature of both, the Fe_ox and P_ox fractions under non‐flooded and flooded conditions. The degree of the changes in Fe_ox, P_ox, P adsorption and P desorption by flooding depended on the contents of amorphous and total Fe oxides in non‐flooded soils. Our results confirm that the adsorption and desorption behavior of P in paddy soils is largely controlled by the transformation of the Fe oxides. The reasons of the often‐reported improved P availability to rice induced by flooding, in spite of the unfavorable effect on P desorbability, are discussed.  相似文献   

施磷对限水灌溉小麦根冠及产量的影响研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

关军锋  李广敏 《中国生态农业学报》2004,12(4):102-105

试验研究结果表明 ,盆栽限水灌溉时施P明显促进小麦幼穗、根系和株高的早期生长发育 ,而对叶片含水量和叶绿素含量的影响较小 ;施P明显提高小麦地上部干物质量和产量 ,且以限水处理效果最明显 ,提高了限水处理“温麦 6”根干物质量以及“温麦 6”和“冀麦 36”穗数  相似文献   

豫北蔬菜保护地土壤磷素形态及其空间分布特性研究   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

王新民  王卫华  侯彦林 《土壤》2004,36(2):173-176

采用蒋柏藩、顾益初无机P分级方法研究了豫北褐土多年棚龄蔬菜保护地土壤P素形态及其空间分布特性。结果表明,蔬菜保护地0 ~ 20cm土层全P、无机P、有机P、Olsen-P的含量分别为:1385.6 ~ 2896.5、1097.1 ~ 2365.7、270.0 ~ 606.9、109.8 ~ 302.4 mg/kg,Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P、Ca10-P分别占无机P的百分比平均为:12.5 %、37.2 %、10.8 %、5.8 %、13.3 %、20.5 %,Olsen-P占全P的百分比高达4 % ~ 15 %,平均为10.6 %;土壤各形态P素主要积累在0 ~ 20 cm土层,随着深度的增加土壤全P、有机P、Olsen-P、各形态无机P均减少。  相似文献   

施钾对不同小麦品种氮素、磷素吸收利用的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

李见云  介晓磊  谭金芳  王新民  侯彦林 《土壤通报》2004,35(2):191-194

盆栽条件下,研究了黄淮麦区当年广泛种植的28个小麦品种在2个供K水平下N、P吸收利用差异。研究结果表明,高K与低K条件下,不同小麦品种N、P吸收利用能力差异都很大,小麦品种间N、P积累量与干物质积累量呈极显著正相关;相关分析表明,无论是低K还是高K下,不同小麦品种K积累量、K利用效率与N积累量、N利用效率及P积累量、P利用效率都存在极显著的正相关,这就显示出K高效小麦品种同时也是N高效、P高效小麦品种。  相似文献   

两种氮水平下CO₂浓度升高对冬小麦生长和氮磷浓度的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

李伏生  康绍忠 《土壤学报》2003,40(4):599-605

预计到 2 1世纪末期大气CO2 浓度将会比目前水平增加 1倍 ,约 70 0 μmolmol- 1 左右。因此CO2 浓度升高对作物的影响研究十分重要。本文探讨在两种氮 (N)水平下 ,CO2 浓度升高对冬小麦 (TriticumaestivumL cv Xinong 872 7)生长和地上部N、磷 (P)浓度的影响及原因。试验设 3 5 0 μmolmol- 1 和 70 0 μmolmol- 1 两种CO2 浓度水平和 45kghm- 2 和 90kghm- 2 两种N肥施用水平。结果表明 ,CO2 浓度升高 ,冬小麦株高和叶面积指数 (LAI)均增加 ,净同化率 (NAR)值增加 ,叶面积比率 (LAR)下降 ,比叶重 (SLW )不增加。高CO2 浓度对相对生长率 (RGR)的影响因施N水平而异 ,低N时RGR不增加 ,高N时明显增加。CO2 浓度增加 ,小麦抽穗提早 7～ 8d ,叶鞘、茎杆和地上部干物重提高 ,叶片、叶鞘和茎杆N、P浓度降低 ,但叶片、叶鞘和茎杆N、P吸收量增加均不明显。CO2 浓度升高 ,氮磷利用效率 (NUE和PUE)提高 ,而对相对氮磷累积速率 (RNAR和RPAR)影响不大。高CO2 浓度冬小麦体内N、P浓度下降是由于稀释效应以及NUE和PUE提高之故。  相似文献   

菜园土壤高磷条件对油菜磷、锌含量的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

杜立宇  梁成华  陈新之 《土壤通报》2003,34(4):330-332

采用盆钵试验研究了菜园土高磷条件下对油菜磷、锌颉颃作用的影响。结果表明,随着土壤有效磷含量的升高,油菜植株体内的含磷量也在不断升高,但上升的趋势逐渐减缓,其中,茎叶的含磷量始终大于根中的含磷量。而植株的含锌量则有很大的不同,随着土壤有效磷含量的增加,植株根中的含锌量也在不断的增加,直到趋于平稳,而茎叶中锌的含量随土壤有效磷含量的升高而增加到一定程度后表现出下降的变化趋势。这说明油菜的磷、锌颉颃作用是发生在植株体内的一种生理机制。  相似文献