The structural classification of field boundaries in Mediterranean arable cropping systems allows the prediction of weed abundances in the boundary and in the adjacent crop     

A Cirujeda  G Pardo  A I Marí  J Aibar  Y Pallavicini  J L Gonzlez‐Andújar  J Recasens  X O Sol‐Senan 《Weed Research》2019,59(4):300-311

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北方白菜型冬油菜花器特性及农艺性状与含油量的相关性     

白静  孙万仓  马骊  武军艳  蒲媛媛  何辉立  许德蓉  剡江梅  常瑜  徐春梅  方彦  李学才  牛早霞  盘荣德 《干旱地区农业研究》2019,37(5):130-136

为研究北方白菜型冬油菜花冠直径与千粒重及含油量之间的相关性,以20份不同的白菜型冬油菜为材料,测定花器大小、农艺性状、种子含油量及蛋白质含量,并对控制花器特征基因mf6、apetala和myb进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。结果表明:花冠直径受雌蕊直径影响较大,主成分分析提取的3个主成分可综合为花器各性状长度、雌蕊直径和花器各性状宽度;以花冠直径为指示性状,将20份白菜型冬油菜花冠划分为3类群;相关性分析表明,花冠直径与千粒重呈极显著正相关,相关系数0.663;千粒重与含油量呈极显著正相关,与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。相较于小花,mf6在大花中相对表达量上调了151.63%,而apetala和myb分别下调了83.80%和72.70%。北方白菜型冬油菜品种间花器大小存在显著差异;在育种中可通过增加花冠直径来提高千粒重,进而增加油菜产油量,培育高含油量白菜型冬油菜品种。mf6、apetala和myb基因对白菜型冬油菜花器生长发育均具有一定调控作用。  相似文献   

外源ABA对苹果砧木叶片解剖结构 及内源激素含量的影响     

王顺才  李超  师守国  马锋旺 《干旱地区农业研究》2019,37(3):31-40

通过光镜和透射电镜分别观察外源脱落酸（ABA）处理下楸子（Malus prunifolia）、平邑甜茶（M. hupehensis）和新疆野苹果（M. sieversii）叶片解剖结构及叶绿体超微结构的变化,利用扫描电镜和酶联免疫法分别研究ABA处理对叶片气孔特征及其内源激素含量的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,ABA处理下楸子、平邑甜茶和新疆野苹果的叶厚分别减少了7.93%、0.25%和0.81%,栅栏组织厚度分别减少了31.43%、8.53%和4.99%（P＜0.05）,海绵组织厚度分别增加了10.34%、6.14%和5.63%（P＜0.05）,叶肉组织结构疏松度（SR）分别增加了19.59%、6.55%和6.50%。ABA处理下楸子和平邑甜茶的栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比值（P/S）及叶肉组织结构紧密度（CTR）较对照显著减少（P＜0.05）,其中,P/S值分别下降37.86%和13.82%,CTR分别下降25.46%和8.29%,而新疆野苹果的P/S值和CTR下降但不显著。此外,ABA处理下楸子和平邑甜茶的上表皮细胞厚度较对照分别增加了5.82%和6.43%,新疆野苹果的较对照减少了26.23%（P＜0.05）;楸子和新疆野苹果的下表皮细胞厚度较对照增加了12.09%和14.21%（P＜0.05）,平邑甜茶的较对照减少了12.56%。平邑甜茶和新疆野苹果叶片上下角质层厚度较对照显著增加（P＜0.05）,而楸子的变化不显著。在ABA诱导下,3种砧木的气孔密度、气孔大小（长度×宽度）及其开口度和开张比均不同程度地下降,其中,楸子的较对照分别下降了3.62%、7.12%×19.59%、67.60%和86.66%,平邑甜茶的分别下降了3.50%、4.99%×20.65%、32.42%和58.24%,新疆野苹果的分别下降了8.54%、0.92%×12.06%、20.37%和16.35%。ABA处理下3种砧木叶片细胞中叶绿体的数量变少,类囊体结构排列疏松,叶绿体上的淀粉粒趋于变小。外施ABA使3种砧木叶片内源ABA和玉米素核苷（ZR）的含量极显著增加（P＜0.01）,其中楸子ABA和ZR含量比对照分别增加30.83%和13.31%,平邑甜茶的分别增加62.40%和45.28%,而新疆野苹果的分别增加了37.07%和17.06%。楸子和新疆野苹果叶片的吲哚乙酸（IAA）和赤霉素（GA）含量无显著变化,而平邑甜茶叶片的IAA及GA含量比对照分别增加了62.62%和20.62%（P＜0.01）。总之,在ABA处理下,3种苹果砧木的叶片组织解剖结构和气孔特征都发生旱生性结构变化,叶肉细胞中淀粉粒趋于变小,叶片内源ABA和ZR水平增加显著,而IAA和GA水平变化因基因型不同而存在差异。  相似文献   

CO2浓度升高和磷素亏缺对黑麦草气孔特征及气体交换参数的影响     

郑云普  常志杰  范晓懂  张运鑫  刘亮  陈文娜  刘媛媛  郝立华 《农业工程学报》2021,37(18):82-89

为深入理解未来大气CO2浓度升高背景下草地生态系统结构与功能响应土壤磷亏缺的潜在机理,该研究利用可精准控制CO2浓度的大型人工气候室,探讨了正常CO2浓度400 μmol/mol、升高CO2浓度800 μmol/mol和磷素供应水平（0.004、0.012、0.02、0.06、0.1和0.5 mmol/L）对黑麦草气孔特征及其气体交换过程的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度升高使供磷水平0.1和0.5 mmol/L的气孔密度增加约35%（P=0.012）和25%（P<0.001）,但却减小气孔开度13%（P=0.002）和12%（P=0.005）,且导致供磷水平为0.06 mmol/L的黑麦草气孔分布更加规则。同时,CO2浓度升高还导致供磷水平0.1和0.5 mmol/L的净光合速率显著增加8.6%（P=0.002）和15.8%（P<0.001）,从而提高黑麦草的水分利用效率。另外,不同供磷水平明显改变了植株生物量及其分配,且高浓度CO2对较高磷水平时地上生长产生更强的施肥效应。研究结果将为深入理解草地生态系统对大气CO2浓度升高和土壤磷素亏缺的响应机理提供理论依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

Improving the efficiency of plant root system phenotyping through digitization and automation     

Shota Teramoto  Yusaku Uga 《Breeding Science》2022,72(1):48

Root system architecture (RSA) determines unevenly distributed water and nutrient availability in soil. Genetic improvement of RSA, therefore, is related to crop production. However, RSA phenotyping has been carried out less frequently than above-ground phenotyping because measuring roots in the soil is difficult and labor intensive. Recent advancements have led to the digitalization of plant measurements; this digital phenotyping has been widely used for measurements of both above-ground and RSA traits. Digital phenotyping for RSA is slower and more difficult than for above-ground traits because the roots are hidden underground. In this review, we summarized recent trends in digital phenotyping for RSA traits. We classified the sample types into three categories: soil block containing roots, section of soil block, and root sample. Examples of the use of digital phenotyping are presented for each category. We also discussed room for improvement in digital phenotyping in each category.  相似文献   

高油花生品种荚果发育动态研究     

徐桂真  李玉荣  程增书  陈四龙 《河北农业科学》2007,11(3):5-7,13

以高油品种为试材,研究了高油花生品种荚果发育过程中荚果的鲜重、干重及籽仁干重的变化规律.结果表明:0321-31和鲁花12号荚果发育晚、速度慢,持续时间短;冀花4号、冀花5号、冀花2号和R1549荚果发育较早、速度快,持续时间长;不同花生品种荚果发育规律表现一致,即荚果发育初期,以荚果膨大为主;始花40 d后,荚果发育进程加快;始花47～54 d,荚果鲜重和干重快速增加,但含水量仍在60%以上;始花54～68 d,荚果鲜重和干重继续增加,但幅度不大,而荚果鲜重则随含水量的急剧下降而减少;始花68～82d,荚果含水量较少,荚果干重和籽仁干重再度急速增加,始花82 d时达到最大值.  相似文献   

355份粳稻种质资源在新疆的遗传多样性分析及综合评价     

杜孝敬  张燕红  文孝荣  康民泰  许文亭  唐福森  吕玉平  李冬  袁杰  赵志强  王奉斌 《中国农业大学学报》2024,(3):13-26

为筛选出适合新疆种植的综合性状较优的水稻种质资源,对国、内外355份水稻资源的17个质量性状和20个数量性状进行综合评价。结果表明：在质量性状指标中穗抽出度、二次枝梗、穗立形态、叶片茸毛和分蘖力上表现出丰富的变异类型;数量性状变异范围为3.906%～57.519%,遗传多样性指数为1.713～2.067。通过对数量性状进行聚类分析将355份水稻种质资源划分为4大类群,类群Ⅰ属于极端粒型的特异性种质,共97份;类群Ⅱ属于潜在增产种质,共81份;类群Ⅲ属于晚熟极端种质,共94份;类群Ⅳ属于优质高产种质,共83份。20个数量性状利用主成分分析提取5个综合因子,累计贡献率为74.989%,各成分的贡献率分别为17.472%(PC1)、17.071%(PC2)、15.738%(PC3)、15.237%(PC4)和9.429%(PC5);水稻种质资源的综合得分范围为0.416 8～1.240 8,综合得分前10名的种质资源依次为‘21Y137’‘21Y271’‘21Y162’‘21Y280’‘21Y276’‘21Y87’‘21Y132’‘21Y254’‘21Y294’‘21Y318’,均属于类群Ⅳ...  相似文献   

华贵栉孔扇贝数量性状的相关性及通径分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鄢朝  顾志峰  章华忠  王嫣  石耀华  战欣  王爱民 《南方水产》2012,8(3):34-38

为查明华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）数量性状间的相关性,随机选取526只扇贝,对其形态性状（壳高、壳长、绞合线长和壳厚）和质量性状（总质量、贝柱鲜质量、鲜肉质量、干肉质量和贝柱干质量）进行测量,采用多元回归与通径分析方法研究了5个易测数量性状（壳高、壳长、绞合线长、壳厚和总质量）对鲜肉质量、贝柱鲜质量和贝柱干质量的影响。结果表明,总质量与鲜肉质量、贝柱鲜质量和叭柱干质量呈极显著的正相关（P〈0．01）。多元回归与通径分析显示,这5个易测数量性状指标中,总质量对3个经济性状的正面影响非常大,其他指标的影响较小甚至不明显。  相似文献   

Genetic parameters for growth‐related traits and survival with age in the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus     

Jiahui Liu  Jingjing Zheng  Jianyong Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):42-48

Genetic parameters were estimated for growth‐related traits and survival of the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus based on 66 families, including 30 paternal half‐sib families, which were obtained using artificial insemination of two females by each male. The variance components for growth‐related trait and survival were estimated using a single‐trait animal model and a sir‐dam model, respectively, and genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The coefficients of variation for growth‐related traits such as body length (BL), abdominal length (AL), and body weight (BW) were 9.36%–22.44%, 10.61%–21.92%, and 26.47%–58.33%, respectively, at different ages (45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 days). The corresponding heritability estimates for each growth trait were 0.1545–0.1951, 0.1672–0.1905, and 0.1596–0.1934, respectively, all of which were found to be at moderate levels and increased with age. The heritability of survival on day 165 was low (0.003). The genetic correlations among growth traits were positive and high (0.7316–0.9896) at the different ages, suggesting that selection to improve any single growth trait will cause positive responses in other growth traits examined in M. japonicus. The genetic correlations between growth traits and survival were also positive but low (0.005–0.087), which indicated that only selecting for growth traits may not cause a positive correlated response in the survival of the core population. According to the above results, we suggested that growth and survival traits should be taken as improving targets of breeding in M. japonicus. These results provided reference data for selective breeding and multitrait selection of M. japonicus.  相似文献   

Compensatory growth in Atlantic halibut: Effect of starvation and subsequent feeding on growth, maturation, feed utilization and flesh quality     

Atle Foss  Albert K. Imsland  Erik Vikingstad  Sigurd O. Stefansson  Birgitta Norberg  Skjalg Pedersen  Trond Sandvik  Bjrn Roth 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,290(3-4):304-310

A group of juvenile Atlantic halibut (mean, SD, 199.5 g, 44.7) was split into two experimental groups: one group was fed in excess twice a day and later five days a week (i.e. Control group), and the other group was starved for 5 weeks and then subsequently re-fed for 10 weeks (i.e. 5/10 starvation/re-fed group). This treatment was repeated for three years until the fish were harvested (mean final weight, 4.4 kg). A size +specific compensatory response was seen; partial compensation was observed in halibut weighing less than 500 g whereas full recovery growth was seen in halibut over 2 kg. Food consumption and feed conversion efficiency was measured during two full 5/10 starvation/re-fed cycles. The Control group consumed 86% more food in the measurement period, whereas the FCE 40% higher in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group (FCE = 0.95) compared to the Control group (FCE = 0.68). In males lower gonadosomatic index (2.2 vs. 3.0) and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (0.22 vs. 1.26 ng ml^− 1) levels in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group were observed during late winter and spring of 2006 (age 3 years) indicating higher age at 1st maturity. Starvation had a significant effect for improving the quality as starved fish had higher muscle pH (6.4 vs. 6.2), less gaping (0.1 vs. 0.3) and harder texture (61.4 vs. 57.6 N). Overall, the rearing on a repeated 5/10 starvation/re-fed regime for 3 years led to full growth compensation, higher feed conversion efficiency, lower male maturation and improved flesh quality.  相似文献