Evaluation of long‐term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens     

Mnica Berbegal  Antonio Ramn‐Albalat  Maela Len  Josep Armengol 《Pest management science》2020,76(3):967-977

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A homoisoflavonoid and a fatty acid in common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) synergistically inhibit growth of Spodoptera litura larvae     

Zhenzhen Wang  Renyue Yang  Ping Li  Zhongyan Yang  Ruimei Ling  Tunkai Shen  Weiyao Peng  Quan Yang  Jian Yan 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1513-1522

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Antifungal activity of metyltetraprole against the existing QoI‐resistant isolates of various plant pathogenic fungi     

Yuichi Matsuzaki  So Kiguchi  Haruka Suemoto  Fukumatsu Iwahashi 《Pest management science》2020,76(5):1743-1750

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A chromosome‐scale draft sequence of the Canada fleabane genome     

Martin Laforest  Sara L Martin  Katherine Bisaillon  Brahim Soufiane  Sydney Meloche  Eric Page 《Pest management science》2020,76(6):2158-2169

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甘蓝型油菜MYB28转录因子对根肿菌和水杨酸的响应特征     

池鹏  曾令益  刘凡  陈旺  任莉  徐理  方小平 《中国油料作物学报》2020,42(4):658

MYB转录因子参与植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫过程,在植物防御相关信号反应中起着重要的调控作用。 为了明确MYB28在油菜与根肿菌互作中的作用,对感病甘蓝型油菜中双11中MYB28家族基因在根肿菌接种以及 水杨酸处理后的表达模式进行了分析。不同组织表达模式分析显示,相比于根和叶,BnaMYB28 在茎和种子中的表 达水平更高;BnaMYB28 基因在根肿菌和外源水杨酸处理下均有不同程度的表达响应,外源水杨酸处理下Bna⁃ MYB28-1 和BnaMYB28-3 上调表达,BnaMYB28-2 表达则受抑制。根肿菌侵染后,BnaMYB28-1 在整个侵染期表达 量均显著上调,但在加入水杨酸后表达被显著抑制;BnaMYB28-3 表达量在接菌后7 d和28 d显著上调,在关键皮层 侵染期（接菌后14 d）表达量与对照组相比没有变化,但在施加水杨酸处理后表达量显著上调。综上,外源水杨酸能 正向调控BnaMYB28-1 和BnaMYB28-3 表达,BnaMYB28-3 可能通过水杨酸信号路径参与油菜与根肿菌的互作。  相似文献   

Genes related to flooding tolerance during germination and early growth of weedy rice     

Tiago Edu Kaspary  Luan Cutti  Rafael Schwalm Rafaeli  Carla Andrea Delatorre  Aldo Merotto Jr 《Weed Research》2020,60(6):435-449

Evolution of flooding tolerance in weedy rice has occurred in several rice-growing regions, but the genes related to this process and the environmental effects are unknown. The objective of this study was to analyse the expression of genes related to flooding tolerance in response to temperature and flooding during the initial establishment of weedy rice. The experiments were carried out with rice cultivars IRGA 417 and Nipponbare, which are sensitive to flooding, and weedy rice ITJ03 and AV04 genotypes that have high and intermediate tolerance to flooding, respectively. The expression of genes related to reserve mobilisation, anaerobic respiration, escape and quiescence strategies was analysed at periods up to 24 days after sowing. The flooding tolerance of weedy rice genotype ITJ03 was associated with the expression of RAmy3D and OsTPP7 , which are involved in the mobilisation of carbohydrate reserves, ADH1 and ADH2, which participate in anaerobic respiration, and SNRKL1 that triggers rapid elongation of the coleoptile and emergence. Although the genes PDC1, SUS3 and SUB1 are important for flooding tolerance in cultivated rice, their expression was not directly related to flooding tolerance in weedy rice. A temperature of 20°C reduced levels of expression of the RAmy3D, ADH2 and SNRKL1 genes and low temperature had a negative effect on the establishment of weedy rice. Breeding of rice genotypes with tolerance of low temperatures and anaerobic conditions may be a viable strategy to improve the control of weedy rice in paddy fields.  相似文献   

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白     

陆文静  周通  王桂玲  宋成艳  鄂文顺  周雪松  丁磊  吴云锋 《植物病理学报》2020,50(5):637-640

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。  相似文献   

Influence of intra-row cruciferous surrogate weed growth on crop yield in organic spring cereals     

Bo Melander  Margaret R. McCollough 《Weed Research》2020,60(6):464-474

In Northern Europe, inter-row hoeing has become a popular tactic for controlling weeds in organic cereals. Hoeing is highly effective and can be implemented from crop emergence until stem elongation to maintain a nearly weed-free inter-row zone. However, hoeing has a lesser effect on weeds growing in the intra-row zone, where crop–weed proximity results in heightened competition. In the hoed cereal system, it is investigated whether tall-growing, competitive, cruciferous weeds in the intra-row zone affect crop biomass, yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW). An additive experimental design is employed to enable the fitting of rectangular hyperbolas, describing and quantifying the effects of increasing intra-row surrogate weed density on crop growth parameters. Regressions were studied under the influence of crop (spring barley and spring wheat), row spacing (narrow [12.5 or 15.0 cm] and wide [25.0 cm]) and nitrogen rate (50 and 100 kg NH₄-N/ha). Cruciferous surrogate weeds were found to impact crop yield and quality severely. For example, ten intra-row plants/m² of surrogate weed Sinapis alba reduced grains yields by 7%–14% in spring barley and by 7%–32% in spring wheat with yield losses becoming markedly greater in wheat compared to barley as weed density increases. Compared to wheat, barley limited yield and quality losses and suppressed intra-row weed growth more. Row spacing did not have a consistent effect on crop or weed parameters; in one of six experiments, the 25 cm row spacing reduced yields and increased intra-row weed biomass in wheat. Nitrogen rate did not affect crop or weed parameters. Results warrant the implementation of additional tactics to control intra-row weeds and limit crop losses.  相似文献   

京郊西兰花小菜蛾的田间防治药剂筛选与评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张慧慧  陈安琪  单提升  许国升  王翠翠  史雪岩  梁沛  束长龙  张杰 《植物保护》2020,46(1):262-265

为评价高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰虫酰胺、苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素等5种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的田间药效,本文采用喷雾法进行了田间试验。结果表明,10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂、6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂对小菜蛾在药后1~7 d的防效较好;32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂与10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂分别按50%推荐用量组成的1∶1的混配剂,药后1 d的防效仅在60%左右,速效性较差,但是药后3~7 d的防效较好。其中,混配剂药后3 d的防效高达90.70%。5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油在药后1~7 d的防效均较差。因此,在西兰花生产上可使用减量的溴氰虫酰胺与苏云金杆菌混配剂进行小菜蛾的防治,以达到农药减量增效防治小菜蛾的目的;在小菜蛾暴发时,可使用溴氰虫酰胺或乙基多杀菌素,以达到迅速防治的目的。  相似文献   

宁麦9号与扬麦158株高及其构成因素的遗传解析     

JIANG Peng  HE Yi  ZHANG Xu  WU Lei  ZHANG Ping-Ping  MA Hong-Xiang 《作物学报》2020,46(6):858-868

宁麦9号与扬麦158是我国长江中下游麦区的主栽品种和骨干亲本,长江中下游麦区近3年来审定品种中80%都是其衍生后代,研究其性状的遗传具重要意义。以宁麦9号与扬麦158为亲本构建的包含282个家系的重组自交系群体为材料,利用Illumina 90k芯片对群体进行基因型分析,建立高密度遗传图谱。连续3个生长季对株高及节间长度、穗长等株高构成因素进行测定,结合遗传图谱对株高及相关性状进行QTL定位,获得14个控制株高及其构成因素的稳定表达位点。通过进一步位置比对,聚焦到6个染色体区段,初步明确了各节间对株高的遗传调控机制。同时,将6个染色体区段中同源性较低的连锁标记转化为适用于高通量筛选的KASP标记,利用101份区域试验材料进行标记效应验证,结果显示聚合Qph-2D与Qph-5A.1两个位点具有较高的选择效率,继续聚合Q2A后,中选材料显著减少,可能降低选择效率;对Q2A与Q5A两个一因多效位点的选择建议以降低株高的等位变异为主;Qd1-5D可作为穗下节间(D1)的选择标记对株高展开优化选择。期望以上结果能为长江中下游麦区的小麦株高遗传改良提供帮助。  相似文献