西藏小麦条锈菌群体结构与遗传多样性     

郑少兵  郭一  陈俐  赵杰  康振生  詹刚明 《植物保护学报》2022,49(6):1583-1592

为查明西藏小麦条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici群体结构和遗传多样性,采用中国鉴别寄主和近等基因系鉴别寄主,以及竞争性等位基因特异性PCR-单核苷酸多态性（kompetitive al-lele specific PCR-single nucleotide polymorphism,KASP-SNP）分子标记对2017年采自西藏的150个小麦条锈菌菌系分别进行表型分析和基因型分析。表型分析结果显示,中国鉴别寄主将150个菌系区分为 12 个已知小种、6 个已知致病类型和 13 个未知致病类型,所有菌系均不能侵染中四和Triticum spelta album鉴别寄主。近等基因系鉴别寄主将150个菌系区分为88个毒性类型,这些毒性类型均不侵染携带抗性基因Yr5、Yr10或Yr15的品种。基因型分析结果显示,26对引物将150个菌系划分为73个基因型,表明西藏小麦条锈菌群体基因型丰富。基因流分析结果表明,波密县与洛扎县小麦条锈菌亚群体之间的基因流N_m最高,达5.86,米林县西部与波密县、洛扎县、巴宜县、米林县东部条锈菌亚群体之间的N_m较低,分别为0.25、0.34、0.42和0.67,表明西藏不同地区条锈菌群体之间基因交流强度差异较大。说明西藏作为我国小麦条锈病的独立流行区,条锈菌群体毒性结构复杂,遗传多样性高。  相似文献   

小麦秆锈菌生理小种21C3CTH SCAR标记的建立     

陈思  曹远银  李天亚  吴限鑫  李昆宇  王浩 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(6):740-744

为了建立中国小麦秆锈菌流行小种的分子检测标记,利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA)技术对我国小麦秆锈菌6个主要生理小种21C3CTH、21C3CPH、21C3CFH、34MKG、34C2MKK和34C2MKR进行了分析,筛选特异性片段并将其转化为SCAR(Sequence-characterized amplified region)标记。在156条10碱基随机引物中,引物S92(5′-CAGCTCACGA-3′)在小麦秆锈菌生理小种21C3CTH中扩增出一条782bp的特异片段,回收、克隆和测序该特异片段,根据特异片段的核苷酸序列设计了1对SCAR特异引物,经验证,该引物特异性良好。结果表明,小麦秆锈菌生理小种21C3CTH的RAPD标记被成功地转化为SCAR标记,这为该生理小种的分子鉴定和监测奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Pathogenic and molecular comparison of Puccinia kuehnii isolates and reactions of sugarcane varieties to orange rust          下载免费PDF全文

A. S. Moreira  A. F. Nogueira Junior  C. R. N. B. Gonçalves  N. A. Souza  A. Bergamin Filho 《Plant pathology》2018,67(8):1687-1696

Sugarcane orange rust, a disease caused by Puccinia kuehnii, was first reported in Brazil in 2009. There are no studies comparing the Brazilian P. kuehnii collections and the reaction of important sugarcane varieties under controlled conditions. This work compared the reaction of seven sugarcane varieties inoculated with six different P. kuehnii isolates from Brazilian sugarcane areas and verified the pathogenic and genetic variability of these isolates. The incubation (I) and latency (L) disease periods, disease severity (SEV), total number of lesions (TNL), total number of sporulating lesions (TNSL), and percentage of sporulating lesions (%SL) were evaluated. Furthermore, ITS1 and IGS ribosomal sequences of all P. kuehnii isolates used in this study were compared with pathogen sequences from 13 different countries. The disease incubation ranged from 7 to 10 days and the latency ranged from 10 to 21 days. SEV and TNL showed large variations and few significant differences between the reaction of the varieties to P. kuehnii, in contrast with the variables TNSL and %SL. The P. kuehnii isolates did not compose different virulent races, but the isolate from one site (Araras) was a more aggressive race. The ITS1 and IGS ribosomal sequences of six P. kuehnii isolates were identical with each other and to most P. kuehnii American sequences deposited at GenBank. The studied sequences of P. kuehnii isolates differed from the sequences from Asia, Tahiti and Oceania.  相似文献   

Local dispersal of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici from isolated source lesions          下载免费PDF全文

D. H. Farber  J. Medlock  C. C. Mundt 《Plant pathology》2017,66(1):28-37

Understanding how disease foci arise from single source lesions has not been well studied. Here, single wheat leaves were inoculated with Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici urediniospores, and all wheat leaves within two intersecting 0.3 × 3.0 m transects were sampled in eight replicates over 3 years. The lesions observed on each of the top three leaves on plants within 1.5 m from the source lesion were three‐dimensionally mapped. The total number of lesions within a 1.5 m radius was estimated by dividing the number of lesions observed within each 0.025 m‐wide annulus by the fraction of the annulus sampled. The estimated total number of lesions produced within 1.5 m of a single source lesion ranged from 27 to 776, with a mean of 288 lesions. Eighty percent of the lesions were recorded within 0.69 m of the source infection. The proportion of total lesions observed at a given distance from the source was fitted well by the Lomax and Weibull distributions, reflecting the large proportion of lesions arising close to the source, and when fitted by an inverse power distribution had a slope (b) of 2.5. There were more lesions produced on leaves higher in the canopy than on lower leaves, with more lesions being detected above than below the point of inoculation. Simultaneous measurement of lesion gradients and spore dispersal in the final year of the study suggests that this pattern is due to greater susceptibility of upper leaves, rather than increased dispersal to upper leaves.  相似文献   

小麦条锈菌转主寄主小檗(Berberis germanensis)的人工接种鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵杰  赵元元  李巧  黄丽丽  康振生 《植物病理学报》2017,47(2):274-277

正条形柄锈菌小麦专化型(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici),简称小麦条锈菌,是引起小麦条锈病(wheat stripe rust or yellow rust)的病原菌。近年通过人工室内接种证实小檗(Berberis spp.)是小麦条锈菌的转主寄主~([1]),由此揭示了小麦条锈菌是具有性、锈、夏、冬和担孢子5种孢子类型的全孢  相似文献   

2017年我国小麦条锈病流行大尺度时空动态分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄冲  姜玉英  纪国强  张国芝  李辉  李亚红 《植物保护学报》2018,45(1):20-26

2017年小麦条锈病在我国大范围流行,为明确大流行年份小麦条锈病时空动态,本研究通过在全国小麦主产省区定期调查小麦条锈病发生情况,并在总结2017年我国小麦条锈病流行特点的基础上,分析了小麦条锈病在县域水平随时间发展及其在空间上的分布和动态。结果表明,2017年小麦条锈病在我国黄淮海麦区大范围流行,发生面积达555.66万hm²,主要发生麦区平均病叶率为2.70%~40.00%、病害严重度为7.6%~45.2%、病害扩散速率为0.007~0.140;病害发生范围波及全国18个省（区、市）866个县,向北扩散至北纬41°的内蒙古五原县,向东扩散至东经121°的山东省烟台市和威海市。  相似文献   

2009年河北省小麦叶锈菌群体EST-SSR遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵盼盼  张林亚  贾胜娟  闫红飞  刘大群 《西北农业学报》2014,23(2):61-67

通过对小麦叶锈菌群体毒性多态性和EST-SSR多态性分析,为河北省小麦抗病品种的培育和合理利用提供依据。利用34个小麦抗叶锈近等(单)基因系和21对EST-SSR引物对河北省唐山、秦皇岛、沧州、保定、石家庄、邢台和邯郸的30个单孢子分离纯化小麦叶锈菌株进行毒性和DNA多态性分析。结果表明:30株小麦叶锈菌菌株间毒性相似性较高,相似系数为0.70~1.00,分子遗传多态性的相似系数为0.80~1.00。部分地理来源相同的菌株聚在同一亚组,表明小麦叶锈菌株地理来源与毒性多态性和遗传多态性有一定的相关性,但毒性多态性和SSR分子多态性相关性不明显。  相似文献   

新疆伊犁地区小麦条锈菌群体遗传结构分析          下载免费PDF全文

曾明昊  吕振豪  郑明远  黄倩楠  吴伟  刘琦  陈晶 《麦类作物学报》2024,44(1):127-133

新疆伊犁地区是小麦条锈病的常发区和重发区，其年平均发生面积超过100×10⁴ hm²以上。为明确新疆伊犁地区小麦条锈菌群体的遗传结构，2021年，从新疆伊犁地区的新源县、巩留县、察布查尔县和伊宁县共采集到320份小麦条锈菌标样，利用16对小麦条锈菌SSR引物进行了群体遗传研究。结果表明，新疆伊犁地区条锈菌群体遗传多样性水平较高，群体间存在一定的遗传分化。群体间遗传变异仅占总变异的12%，群体内遗传变异占88%，不同群体间存在频繁的菌源交流，其中察布查尔县与新源县群体菌源交流最为频繁（N_m=4.717）。  相似文献   

WHEAT STRIPE RUST AND INTEGRATION OF SUSTAINABLE CONTROL STRATEGIES IN CHINA     

Qingdong ZENG  Jie ZHAO  Jianhui WU  Gangming ZHAN  Dejun HAN  Zhensheng KANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(1):37

• Stripe rust caused substantial yield losses in China. • P. striiformis is highly variable and the change from avirulence to virulence. • Different comprehensive control strategies were adopted in different epidemic region. Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici occurs in almost all wheat-producing regions of the world. Severe countrywide epidemics in China have caused substantial yield losses. Growing resistant cultivars is the best strategy to control this disease but the pathogen can overcome resistance in wheat cultivars. The high variation in the virulence of the pathogen combined with the large areas of susceptible wheat cultivars enables the pathogen population to increase rapidly and disperse over long distances under favorable environmental conditions, resulting in severe pandemics within cropping seasons. Current stripe rust control measures are based on many years of research including the underlying epidemiology regarding year-to-year survival of the pathogen, pathways of pathogen dispersal within seasons and years, the role of P. striiformis sexual hybridization, the use of resistance sources in breeding programs, and year-round surveillance of national wheat crops that are present in different parts of the country throughout the year. All these strategies depend on accurate prediction of epidemics, more precise use of fungicides to meet national requirements and better deployment of resistance genes. New ideas with potential application in sustainable protection of stripe rust include negative regulatory gene editing, resistance gene overexpression and biological control based on microbiomes.  相似文献   

小麦条锈病跨区域全周期绿色防控技术体系的构建与应用          下载免费PDF全文

刘万才  李跃  王保通  李好海  冯小军  刘媛  彭红  吕国强  张光先  王玲  赵中华  王晓杰  康振生 《植物保护》2024,50(3):1-9

小麦条锈病是我国小麦生产上一种跨区域流行的重大病害。1949年以来, 我国小麦条锈病研究, 治理能力明显提升, 发病面积、流行程度、流行频率明显降低, 但由于条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici新毒性小种不断产生和气候异常变化等因素的影响, 近年来其流行规律和成灾机制出现了新的变化, 发生危害加重, 严重威胁小麦生产和国家粮食安全。基于“十二五”以来我国在小麦条锈病菌毒性新小种产生、有性生殖、侵染循环和大区流行规律等方面的最新研究成果, 作者在学习和实践以往病害治理经验的基础上, 坚持长短结合、标本兼治、分区治理、综合防治的指导思想, 制定了“以绿色防控为基础, 以全周期管理为重点, 以跨区域联防联控为保障”的防控策略, 提出了精准监测预报、毒性小种变异监测、早期菌源控制、抗病品种合理布局和应急防控等关键技术, 集成构建了全国小麦条锈病跨区域全周期绿色防控技术体系, 制定了越夏易变区、冬季繁殖区(越冬区)和春季流行区分区防控技术体系。经在小麦条锈病主要流行区大面积试验示范, 取得了防控效果85%以上, 化学农药用量减少10%以上, 小麦单产提高5%以上的成效。2022年-2023年在全国小麦主产区大范围组织推广应用, 有效控制了小麦条锈病严重流行势头, 全国病害发生面积出现了新低, 有效减轻了灾害损失, 保障了国家粮食安全。  相似文献