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11.
Movement analysis techniques allow objective and quantitative assessment of kinematic gait analysis. Consistent repeatability of the kinematic data is essential for such assessments. This study investigated whether the repeatability of a standardized Equinalysis Elite gait analysis system is sufficient to allow its use in clinical evaluation of equine lameness with reliable documentation of individual locomotion patterns. The extent to which examinations on different days affected the results when a standardized protocol was used was investigated. The repeatability of distal limb kinematics in nine sound horses over three successive days at one location was investigated. Measurements were performed at the examination area, for three motion cycles at the walk and trot, in each direction per day. Skin markers were placed on the lateral aspect of the coffin joint, forelimb fetlock joint, hindlimb fetlock joint, carpus, tarsus, elbow, and stifle, at clipped sites marked with a permanent marker. The inter-day repeatability of angular measurements of the carpus, tarsus, forelimb fetlock, and hindlimb fetlock joints was determined. A low degree of inter-day repeatability was found with statistically significant (P ≤ .05) differences between findings on different days, observed in the time-angle diagrams of left and right carpus, tarsus, forelimb fetlock, and hindlimb fetlock joints of all horses, at both walk and trot. The standardized Equinalysis Elite system for gait analysis of distal limb kinematics in the horse did not provide highly repeatable data in this setting. 相似文献
12.
Heinrichs AJ Erb HN Rogers GW Cooper JB Jones CM 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2007,78(3-4):333-338
Measurement of heart-girth (chest circumference) is commonly used to estimate dairy heifer body weight from previously derived equations or tables. In this experiment, variability of heart-girth measurements as they are taken in the field was analyzed to determine the standard deviation within a group of 26 Holstein heifers of various ages weighing 42–590 kg. Standard deviations were 2.19 cm among 26 observers and 2.74 cm within any one observer. Repeatability between two heart-girth measurements by an individual observer on the same animal using a blind heart-girth tape was >0.99. Correlation coefficients between two measurements by different observers using blind measuring tapes on the same animal also were >0.99, with 99% of total differences due to observer and heifer, indicating very little random variation. A second part of this study was the validation of the most recently derived equation to calculate body weight from heart-girth. The equation was validated with data sets from universities across the United States and field data collected specifically for this study. Experimental and field data comprised of heart-girth and body weight measurements upheld the previously derived equation and support its continued use. These results allow more precise interpretation of heart-girth data collected from field studies with Holstein dairy heifers and provide more complete validation of existing body weight-prediction equations. 相似文献
13.
Rebekah C. HebertDonald L. Thompson Jr. PhD Pamela B. MitchamJeanne D. Lestelle MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
Two experiments were conducted to assess the repeatability of prolactin responses to a small dose of sulpiride in estrogen-primed geldings in spring and in mares during the estrous cycle in summer. Six long-term geldings each received a single intramuscular injection of 100 mg of estradiol cypionate on March 31, 2011, and were then challenged with an intravenous injection of dl-sulpiride (5 μg/kg of body weight of the racemic mixture) every other day for a total of 8 days. Jugular blood was collected at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after the injection of sulpiride for prolactin measurement. The experiment was repeated with six mares during the summer (July), except that the number of challenges was extended to 15 over 30 days so that any effect of estrous cycle stage could be assessed. Prolactin responses in geldings during April were robust and were varied in a quadratic manner (P < .003) over the eight sulpiride injections, increasing linearly to a plateau by the fourth injection. Mares also displayed robust prolactin responses to sulpiride injections in July, and there was no effect (P > .1) of day of injection and no effect of stage of estrous cycle (follicular phase, early diestrus, or late diestrus). We concluded that prolactin responses to this dose of sulpiride were sufficiently robust and repeatable for use as a paradigm for studies of the relative competitive efficacy and duration of action of various dopaminergic compounds and their vehicular formulations. 相似文献
14.
为了评估不同的动物模型对如皋黄鸡产蛋数遗传参数的影响。2009—2012年采集如皋黄鸡的生产记录,包括8575只蛋鸡（来自242个父系,1362个母系）,评估模型分为单性状模型和多性状模型,利用WOMBAT软件以平均信息约束最大似然法(AIREML)分析表型方差组分。结果表明：开产日对统计第1—2月产蛋数有着重要影响,应将其列入固定效应;加性遗传方差小于永久环境方差,产蛋数受环境因素影响更多一些;开产第一月产蛋数遗传力最高,产蛋高峰产蛋数遗传力最低,产蛋后期产蛋数遗传力略有上调;如皋黄鸡前四个月产蛋数与开产至40周龄产蛋数遗传相关系数在0.67-0.79之间,相邻产蛋月遗传相关系数较高;开产阶段产蛋数与产蛋末期产蛋数的相关系数较小,因此,地方特色蛋鸡选育时应考虑增加产蛋后期产蛋数指标。 相似文献
15.
Ali Al Haidar Frédéric Farnir Stefan Deleuze Charlotte Sandersen H. Amory 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010
The objective of this study was to compare the repeatability of echocardiographic measurements obtained from different echocardiographic modes and views in healthy adult equids of various sizes, breeds, and thorax shapes. Ten equids (body weight: 120–662 kg; age: 1–26 years) from various breeds, free of cardiac disease, were used in this study. Each animal was submitted to a standardized echocardiographic and Doppler protocol 3 times at 1 day interval. This protocol included the measurements of left and right ventricular, aortic, pulmonary, and left atrial parameters obtained from different views using the bidimensional (2D) or the motion (M) modes, and the measurement of several parameters of blood flow obtained from the pulsed wave Doppler mode. Repeatability of each measurement was estimated on the basis of the residual variance using a linear model and the coefficient of variation of repeated measurements. A two by two comparison of the repeatability of measurements performed in different views was performed using the residual variances in a variance ratio F test. Results showed that repeatability of echocardiographic or Doppler measurements in equids of various sizes, breeds, and thorax shapes are comparable to previously reported results in thoroughbred and standardbred horses. Left ventricular morphologic parameters showed a good repeatability in the classic M-mode right parasternal short axis view at the level of the chordae tendineae, but the 2D-mode right parasternal long axis four-chamber view appeared to offer an interesting alternative measurement. This latter view also allowed obtaining the most repeatable measurement of right ventricular internal diameter. The left atrial diameter was maximal and most repeatable in the 2D-mode left parasternal long axis four-chamber angled view, and the repeatability of the aortic diameter was best in the 2D-mode right parasternal long axis five-chamber view. Finally, aortic systolic time intervals were more repeatable when measured from the Doppler mode as compared with the M-mode. In conclusion, repeatability of echocardiographic measurements in horses could be optimized after the following protocol: (1) M-mode right parasternal short axis view at the level of chordae tendineae to measure left ventricular morphologic parameters, and 2D-mode right parasternal long axis four-chamber as an alternative view; (2) 2D-mode right parasternal long axis five-chambers to measure the aortic diameter; (3) 2D-mode left parasternal long axis four-chambers angled view to measure the left atrial diameter. 相似文献
16.
This paper applies linear mixed model analysis to 122 on-farm trials of commercial and near-commercial sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids grown over 15 years in 32 locations of central Argentina to quantify increases in oil yield and to determine the contributions of change in both biotic stress resistance and yielding ability in favourable environments. The best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) from this analysis can be regarded as measures of ‘relative peak performance’ of hybrids in environments for which they were selected, and are a better measure of their adaptation compared to small trial sets of ‘historical’ hybrids. The BLUPs of 49 commercial hybrids released between 1983 and 2005 showed a genetic gain for oil yield of 11.9 kg ha−1 yr−1. Special purpose hybrids that were converted for single traits or that were developed for low-technology markets lagged by 5–15 years in terms of genetic gain. Genetic gains came about due to both an increase in the number of hybrids with resistance to the major biotic stress (Verticillium dahliae Klebahn) and a genetic gain in oil yield of 14.4 kg ha−1 yr−1 within these hybrids. Based on the data and the estimated time lag between commercial release and peak use, the improvement in oil and grain yield of conventional hybrids in central Argentina will be sustained until at least 2010, with evidence that the new germplasm pools still have substantial genetic variance to be exploited. 相似文献
17.
The genetic characteristics of jumping enable a correct selection program. Linear parameters of the jump were measured by video image analysis with and without the rider. Repeatability and heritability were calculated based on the statistical model using DMUAI, including effects of the year, month of training, obstacle height, horse conformation, and rider (if necessary). The highest repeatabilities were noted for the position of head and reached 0.45–0.56 for head position in comparison to withers and 0.48–0.55 in comparison to croup. Results varied between parameters with and without riders. Repeatability under rider was slightly higher, the opposite trend was observed in heritability. It seems that the relation of head to the rest of the body has higher heritability than the height of the head above the obstacle itself. 相似文献
18.
Charlier J Duchateau L Claerebout E Vercruysse J 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,68(2-4):277-288
An indirect Ostertagia ostertagi ELISA on milk is a promising diagnostic tool in bovine parasitology. Interpretation of the test results requires a good knowledge of the test characteristics. In this study, border effects, the repeatability of the ELISA and the effect of different factors such as storage, skimming and freeze–thaw cycles of the milk samples were investigated. The border effects trial showed that significant border effects can occur. The repeatability trial was conducted over 3 days. An alternative graphical technique to assess the repeatability over a large number of ELISA plates measured over different days was developed. From these graphs, it was obvious that the ODR values obtained on the third day were deviating from the values on the first and second day. On the third day, also abnormal control values were observed. When the control values were normal, 94% of the variability was explained by the milk sample and 6% by assay variability. The expected 95% range of the difference of 2 ODR readings of the same sample on the same plate and the same sample on different plates was −0.14 to 0.14 and −0.16 to 0.16. No extra variability was observed when samples were tested on a different day, however these results are based on the measurement of 2 days. Storage for 2–4 days at 4 °C, using whole milk instead of skimmed milk and up to 2 extra freeze–thaw cycles of the milk samples did not significantly affect the test results. 相似文献
19.
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Examination in Dogs with Suspected Intracranial Hypertension Caused by Neurologic Diseases 
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下载免费PDF全文 K. Sasaoka K. Nakamura T. Osuga T. Morita N. Yokoyama K. Morishita N. Sasaki H. Ohta M. Takiguchi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):314-323
Background
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination (TCD) is a rapid, noninvasive technique used to evaluate cerebral blood flow and is useful for the detection of intracranial hypertension in humans. However, the clinical usefulness of TCD in diagnosing intracranial hypertension has not been demonstrated for intracranial diseases in dogs.Objectives
To determine the association between the TCD variables and intracranial hypertension in dogs with intracranial diseases.Animals
Fifty client‐owned dogs with neurologic signs.Methods
Cross‐sectional study. All dogs underwent TCD of the basilar artery under isoflurane anesthesia after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dogs were classified into 3 groups based on MRI findings: no structural diseases (group I), structural disease without MRI evidence of intracranial hypertension (group II), and structural disease with MRI evidence of intracranial hypertension (group III). The TCD vascular resistance variables (resistive index [RI], pulsatility index [PI], and the ratio of systolic to diastolic mean velocity [Sm/Dm]) were measured.Results
Fifteen, 22, and 13 dogs were classified into groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dogs in group III had significantly higher Sm/Dm (median, 1.78; range, 1.44–2.58) than those in group I (median, 1.63; range, 1.43–1.75) and group II (median, 1.62; range, 1.27–2.10). No significant differences in RI and PI were identified among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Our findings suggest that increased Sm/Dm is associated with MRI findings of suspected intracranial hypertension in dogs with intracranial diseases and that TCD could be a useful tool to help to diagnose intracranial hypertension. 相似文献20.
银杏叶数量性状的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文对银杏实生成龄优树叶子主要数量性状的遗传参数进行了研究.分析结果表明,30个性状指标的F检验均达显著或极显著水平.性状的遗传方差、变异系数及重复力(R)的枝龄有关.1年生枝段的ECV>GCV,而2、3年生枝段恰好相反.2、3年生枝段叶性状的R>1年生枝段.有10个指标的R大于80%.3个重量指标的相对遗传增益达70%以上.有9对性状的遗传相关达0.80以上.单叶面积与叶宽、单叶鲜重;单叶鲜重与干重;单叶干重与叶干重/m·长枝相关遗传力达70%以上.银杏叶个体间变异较大.本研究对银杏叶性状指标的直接和间接选择进行了探讨. 相似文献