Lesion-based analysis of leaf blast suppression in mixture of rice cultivar and a resistant near-isogenic line     

Taketo Ashizawa  Masashi Sasahara  Atsushi Ohba  Takeshi Hori  Kouji Ishikawa  Yukio Sasaki  Tomohisa Kuroda  Ryoei Harasawa  Kaoru Zenbayashi-Sawata  Shinzo Koizumi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(1):15-21

Leaf blast suppression in multilines was evaluated based on the number of susceptible lesions observed in a pure stand of susceptible rice cultivar Sasanishiki, and in 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures of Sasanishiki and a resistant near-isogenic line, Sasanishiki BL4 or BL7, from 1998 to 2001. The number of lesions first observed in fields in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures were close to theoretical numbers calculated using the number of lesions observed in the pure stands and the ratios of the susceptible Sasanishiki in the mixtures. The ratio of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number in the pure stand was 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. The relationship between these ratios and the ratios of susceptible Sasanishiki in mixtures was defined in an equation to estimate the degree of leaf blast suppression. Validation studies for the ratios of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number in the pure stand were conducted in two different locations and showed that the ratios are almost acceptable. The calculated autoinfection to alloinfection ratio was 1.3 and 1.4 in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures, respectively, suggesting that the calculated ratio will affect the degree of leaf blast suppression. Thus, predictors were obtained to estimate leaf blast suppression for effective blast control in multilines.  相似文献   

Varietal Differences in Cell Wall β-(1→3),(1→4)-Glucan and Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Rice Stems during the Grain Filling Stage     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):335-341

Abstract

The contribution of cell wall components and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) to grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was clarified by investigating the differences in the dynamics of hemicellulose, sugar composition of hemicellulose, β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan, and NSC among cultivars with different grain filling capacities. This investigation was performed using the stems of standard, high yield and low harvest index (HI) cultivars. Hemicellulose concentration in stems tended to decrease slightly during the grain filling stage. This decrease was attributed to a decrease in β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan concentration, which was detected as a decrease in glucose composition of hemicellulose in the stems during the grain filling stage. The rate of decrease and decrease in the amount of β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan in the stems differed among the cultivars. These were higher in high yield and high HI cultivars than in relatively low yield and low HI cultivars. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the rate of decrease in β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan and NSC, indicating similarities in the dynamics of β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan and NSC among the cultivars. When the top half of panicle was removed, β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan and NSC concentrations in the culm and leaf sheath did not decrease during the grain filling stage. Therefore, the β-(1→3),(1→4)-glucan in stems might be one of the sources that supply substrate to panicle as well as NSC.  相似文献   

Decomposition of (1–3,1–4)-β-Glucan and Expression of the (1–3,1–4) -β-Glucanase Gene in Rice Stems during Ripening     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):230-234

Abstract

To elucidate the possible participation of hemicellulose decomposition in lodging resistance, we studied the change of hemicellulose and cellulose content in the stems of rice during the ripening stage by methylation analysis and the expression of related genes by Northern blotting. In the rice stem in ripening stage, content of (1-3,1-4)-β-glucan, a component of hemicellulose, decreased markedly although the content of arabinoxylan, a major component of hemicellulose, and cellulose showed little change during the same growth period. On the other hand, expression of the Gns 1 gene, which may encode (1-3,1-4) -β-glucanase that catalyzes the degradation of (1-3,14) -β-glucan, increased sharply in the stem. The mechanism of decomposition of (1-3,1-4) -β-glucan in rice stem and the possible association with lodging resistance is discussed.  相似文献   

Continuous Monitoring of Visible and Near-Infrared Band Reflectance from a Rice Paddy for Determining Nitrogen Uptake Using Digital Cameras     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):293-306

Abstract

A two-band digital imaging system —one band for the visible red band (RED, 630?670 nm) and the other for the near infrared band (NIR, 820?900 nm)— was devised and positioned at a height of 12 m above a rice field of 300 m² in area during the 2007 growing season. The imaging system automatically logged bird’seye view images at 10-min intervals from 0800?1600 every day. Radiometric corrections for the pairs of two-band images were done using solar irradiance sensors and preceding calibrations to calculate daily band-reflectance and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values for 9 plots of rice plants, with 3 levels of planting density and basal fertilization. The daily- averaged reflectance values in the RED and the NIR bands showed different but smooth seasonal changing patterns according to the growth of plants. At the maximum tiller number and the panicle formation stages, the RED and NIR reflectance values had correlation coefficients (r) of 0.79 and 0.81 with above-ground nitrogen absorption per unit land area (NA, g m-²), respectively, whereas the NDVI using the two band reflectance values showed r-value of -0.13. An empirically derived equation for the NA using two band reflectance values showed r-value of 0.96 and a root mean square of error (RMSE) 0.5 g m^–2 (10% of the mean observed NA) in the estimation for the original (not validated) data set acquired at the maximum tiller number and the panicle formation stages. The results indicated that reflectance observation in the RED and NIR bands using the digital imaging system was potentially effective for assessing rice growth.  相似文献   

不同叶面肥对优质稻的生长与产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

覃柳末 《广西农学报》2011,26(2):19-21

应用"万代红""百禾乐"及"中国丰"等三种高效叶面肥,在水稻品种玉香占的苗期和大田生长期进行喷施处理.结果表明:与对照相比,苗期喷施叶面肥处理能明显促进秧苗的稳生壮长,增强秧苗干物质积累,提高秧苗的综合素质;在大田生长期适时进行喷施处理,能促进大田水稻早生快发,促进分蘖和有效穗的形成,保持生长健壮,抗病力明显增强;各处...  相似文献   

寒地水稻不同氮肥施用量试验结果汇总     

姜灏 《北方水稻》2011,41(1):23-26

对2007～2010年水稻不同氮肥施用量试验结果进行汇总,结果表明:在一定的氮肥施用量范围内随着施氮量的增加水稻产量、单株分蘖率、穗粒数、稻米垩白率、蛋白质含量均呈增加趋势;千粒重、食味值随着氮肥施用量的增加呈下降趋势.不同年际氮肥的最佳施用量受气象条件影响明显.  相似文献   

水稻对稻田甲烷排放的影响。     

阎丽娜  李霞 《勤云标准版测试》2008,(10)

研究水稻对稻田甲烷排放的影响对有效控制或减少大气甲烷含量、保护大气环境等具有非常重要的意义.笔者从水稻根系对稻田甲烷产生的影响、水稻对稻田甲烷的传输影响和水稻根系的氧化能力对稻田甲烷排放的影响三个方面,对国内外水稻植株影响稻田甲烷排放的研究做一综述,并且分析了未来需要加强的研究内容.  相似文献   

稻草砌块砖建造草砖房的结构工艺探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴朗  况青梅 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(16):5009-5009,5012

介绍了稻草砌块的制作,对草砖房的结构及施工工艺进行了论述。  相似文献   

几种大米新陈度检验方法的比较研究     

韩占江  王伟华  李帅 《湖北农业科学》2009,48(7)

对大米新陈度检验的几种不同方法进行了比较,主要针对大米陈化过程中的性质如pH值、脂肪酸含量等的改变对其新陈度进行鉴别.结果表明,酸度指示剂法Ⅰ是较为简便易行的大米新陈度检验方法.  相似文献   

Role of soil redox in growth and fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rice in Thailand paddy soils     

A. Jugsujinda  J. Prasittikhet  R.D. DeLaune  C.W. Lindau 《Soil Use and Management》1998,14(4):223-229

Abstract. In a laboratory study, ¹⁵N ammonium fertilizer uptake and rice growth was determined in a non-acid sulphate marine soil (Typic Tropaquept) and an acid sulphate soil (Sulfic Tropaquept). Acid sulphate sensitive (IR 26) and acid sulphate tolerant (IR 46) rice varieties were grown in soil suspensions incubated at four Eh levels (+500, +250, +50, and -150 mV) in microcosms for three weeks. The results showed that rice grown in non-acid sulphate marine soils gave slightly better dry matter weight of 1.8g/pot, greater ¹⁵N uptake of 12.8 mg N/pot, and higher total N uptake of 38.4 mg N/pot than under acid sulphate soil conditions indicating the non-acid marine soil is more favourable to rice culture. Growth as measured by weight of dry matter was significantly reduced from 2.1g/pot under oxidized condition (+500 mV) to 0.8g/pot under highly reduced condition (-150 mV). N uptake by rice was significantly reduced from 16.9 mg/pot at + 500 mV to 4.5 mg N/pot at -150 mV Total N uptake also decreased with decreasing Eh. Growth, ¹⁵N uptake and total N uptake by acid sulphate tolerant rice, IR 46 were significantly higher than the acid sulphate sensitive rice variety, IR 26. Under highly reduced soil conditions (-150 mV), growing rice in acid sulphate soil would require additions of lime, intermittent irrigation and/or mid season drainage in order to increase soil redox potential and remove toxic substances.  相似文献