灌溉对新麦草生长发育和种子质量的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张铁军  韩建国  李瑾  刘富渊  张泽宏 《中国草地学报》2007,29(2):59-64

在甘肃省酒泉市上坝地区开展新麦草灌溉试验，研究不同灌水次数和灌水量对新麦草生长发育、种子质量和经济效益的影响，结果表明：水分胁迫影响新麦草的生长发育进程，导致生育期缩短，生殖枝的穗、茎秆和叶片的干重以及种子千粒重显著（P〈0．05）降低；灌水4次处理的种子产量最高，为593.3kg／hm^2，种子质量和经济效益最好。研究认为，在酒泉地区适宜于新麦草种子生产的灌水次数为4次，每次的灌水量为600m3／hm^2。  相似文献   

Forage production and quality of 4 perennial grasses grown under and outside canopies of matureProsopis glandulosa Torr. var.glandulosa (mesquite)     

R. M. East  P. Felker 《Agroforestry Systems》1993,22(2):91-110

Comparisons were made of dry matter production and forage quality of two coolseason grasses, Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis L.), Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.), and two warm-season grasses, green panic (Panicum maximum var.trichoglume Eyles) and plains bristlegrass (Setaria leucopila Scribn. & Merr.), planted under and outside the canopies of mature honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var.glandulosa). Green panic gave the greatest cumulative dry matter yield in both canopy (5120 kg ha^–1) and open (3370 kg ha^–1) locations, followed by plains bristlegrass under mesquite (1130 kg ha^–1) and in the open (570 kg ha^–1). One-time yields from Canada wildrye and Virginia wildrye, under and outside mesquite canopy, were 247 and 329 kg ha^–1, and 272 and 268 kg ha^–1, respectively. Dry matter production of green panic (p=0.001) and plains bristlegrass (p=0.026) was greater under mesquite only for the first of four harvests, although both warm-season grasses exhibited a trend for greater production under mesquite than in the open. Average nitrogen content of green panic was greater (p=0.0004) under mesquite than in the open, while plains bristlegrass exhibited a trend for greater crude protein content in the open than under mesquite. Overall, moisture content of the warm-season grasses was greater (p=0.0001) under mesquite than in the open, while Virginia wildrye was more (p=0.002) succulent under mesquite than in the open. Averagein-vitro dry matter digestibility of warm-season grasses was almost significantly greater (p=0.0501) in the open than under mesquite. Canopy soils contained significantly more organic C (p=0.0004) and total N (p=0.0001) than open soils, with differences of 8.3 Mg organic C ha^–1 and 1.3 Mg total N ha^–1. Correlations indicated that soil fertility was more limiting to grass production than light intensity.  相似文献   

俄罗斯联邦和独联体国家沙棘研究综述     

梁月  殷丽强 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2010,8(1):34-47

俄罗斯已经有250名科学家进行了俄罗斯联邦沙棘本身具有的自然资源、沙棘生态学、植物学和形态学;基因和遗传学;生物化学;可种植环境延伸研究。160年前的苏联,沙棘最初是作为一种绿化美化的植物种植。19世纪末20世纪初,更多的种植园开始种植沙棘,同时,沙棘的重要性也被人们所认识。因为其具有丰富的生物化学成分,这种植物很快的流行起来,并快速在前苏联不同领域被广泛运用。由于沙棘的耐寒性,最初只是种植于寒冷地区,如何将沙棘引入气候温和的区域,并使其生长稳定是一个需要首先解决的问题。  相似文献   

黑龙江省木材进口贸易发展现状、问题及对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程宝栋  宋维明  田园 《林业科技》2009,34(1)

俄罗斯木材是中国进口木材的重要组成部分.黑龙江省在中国俄罗斯木材进口中占据不可替代的位置.本文在总结了黑龙江省木材进口贸易发展概况及特点的基础上,分析了其发展中存在的主要问题;基于可持续发展的视角,提出了推动黑龙江省木材进口贸易可持续发展的对策和建议.  相似文献   

中俄森林保护若干法律制度的比较研究     

包玉华  李冬雪 《世界林业研究》2006,19(2):68-73

从中俄森林保护法律体系若干法律制度的比较中, 总结一些有益于我国森林保护的法律措施, 希望对我国森林保护法律制度的建设能有所借鉴。  相似文献   

Resistance against greenbug, Schizuphis graminum Rond., and Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko, in tritordeum amphiploids     

A. M. Castro    A. Vasicek    S. Ramos    A. Martin    L. M. Martin  A. F. G. Dixon 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(6):515-522

A collection of tritordeum amphiploids (Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgadum) and their wheat parents were screened for resistance against the two main aphid pesis of cereals, the greenhug. Schizaphis graminum Rond. and ihe Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis naxia Mord-vilko. Antixenosis. antibiosis and tolerance were evaluated in controlled environmental conditions using a. clone of greenbug biotypc C and a clone of RWA collected on pasta wheat. Tritordeum amphiploids pos-sess genetic resistance against greenbug and RWA; some of the lines tested were more resistant than the parental wheat line. Four principal components explained the resistance against both aphid species. The antixenosis shown against both pests was mainly contributed by their wheat parents. The antibiosis againsl both aphid species was obviously dependent on diflerent plant traits. The highest levels of antibiosis against the two aphids occurred in different amphiploids. Different genes are involved in the antibiotic reaction against the two aphids. The Tritordeum resistance to RWA is based on anlixenosis and ant-biosis since the tolerance trails were not independent of the other types of resistance. The level of tolerance shown to the greenbug was variable and appears to be controlled by differeni mechanisms. The tolerance to aphids shown by H. chilense is expressed in the amphiploids. but with some genomic interaction. Genes conferring resistance to aphids in H. chilensee could be incorporated into new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against greenbug and RWA.  相似文献   

引入养殖俄罗斯红参线粒体全序列结构与分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵强  杨爽  刘心田  孙国华  冯艳微  王卫军  杨建敏 《渔业科学进展》2020,41(6):125-139

本研究通过高通量测序技术对引入养殖的俄罗斯红参(Apostichopus japonicus)线粒体全基因组进行随机测序并分析,结果显示,俄罗斯红参线粒体基因组全长为16111 bp,共含有37个基因,包括22个tRNA、2个rRNA (l-rRNA和s-rRNA)和13个蛋白编码基因。全序列共存在24处基因间隔和5处基因重叠区。蛋白编码基因与全序列的碱基使用均表现出A、T偏倚。13个蛋白编码基因的密码子完整,除ND1以GTG为起始密码子外,其他均以ATN为起始密码子;终止密码子都是完整密码子,除ND2与ND4的终止密码子分别为TTG与TAG外,其他终止密码子以TAA为主;氨基酸频率最高为丝氨酸Ser(S),其次为亮氨酸Leu(L)。22个tRNA长度范围为66~72 bp,2个基因存在重复,且21个基因能预测其三叶草结构。l-rRNA与s-rRNA的长度与位置不同,对碱基的使用相似。蛋白编码基因的基因排列与海参纲(Holothuroidea)、海胆纲(Echinoidea)排列顺序相同,并与海星纲(Asteroidea)及蛇尾纲(Ophiuroidea)共享基因模块。BLAST分析表明,俄罗斯红参与仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)同源性最高。不同海参遗传距离分析发现,俄罗斯红参与3个海域仿刺参最为接近。基于最大似然法分别根据氨基酸与核苷酸序列构建的系统发生树显示,基于核苷酸序列的建树结果更符合亲缘关系较近的海参种类间的分析。引入养殖俄罗斯红参线粒体全序列结构与分析可为后续俄罗斯红参的遗传研究及种质应用提供支持。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the effects of catch-and-release angling on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of the Ponoi River, Kola Peninsula, Russian Federation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. G. Whoriskey  S. Prusov  S. Crabbe 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2000,9(1-2):118-125

Abstract – We studied the effects of catch-and-release fishing upon the Ponoi River's Atlantic salmon populations. The Ponoi River is located on the Kola Peninsula of the Russian Federation, and has recently been developed for sports fishing. Angler exploitation rates are estimated to range from 10.4% to 19% of the river's salmon, thus the possibility of significant levels of post-release mortality is of concern. We radio-tracked fish caught and released by anglers in 1995 and 1996. Despite our simple equipment and the large size of the river, we were able to relocate most fish. These fish had high rates of survival, and anglers recaptured about 11% of them per year a second time. This is very similar to the recapture rates observed for Floy-tagged fish released in an angler-based mark-recapture assessment. We also held 62 angled fish for 24 hours in a live cage to evaluate rates of delayed mortality. Only one of the 62 fish died, and it was heavily scarred with gillnet marks. Most fish that are fatally stressed by angling die within 24 h (e.g., Booth et al. 1995). In 1996, up to 10% of our Floy-tagged fish were angled and released twice, and about 0.5% were angled and released three times. No significant biases were detected in the post-angling movement patterns of these fish. The multiple captures and lack of movement bias suggest that fish behavior was little altered by the angling experience. Nine fish Floy tagged prior to spawning have been recovered as typical emaciated kelts. Three were killed, and a post mortem exam showed all had spawned. Parr numbers at all monitored sites have been steadily increasing since the advent of catch-and-release fishing. By contrast, parr growth rates are generally unchanged or significantly better. ^NOTE  相似文献   

三江源区人工草地施肥效应研究   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19  

李青云  施建军  马玉寿  董全民 《草业科学》2004,21(4):35-38

在海拔近4 000 m的达日县对二龄老芒麦Elymus sibiricum人工草地进行不同施肥量和施肥方式的施肥试验,结果表明:牧草的高度随施肥量的增加而显著增高(P<0.01),分蘖期1次施入与分蘖期与拔节期分2次施入对牧草高度无显著影响(P>0.05);施肥量对老芒麦人工草地的产草量增产效果极显著 (P<0.01),分蘖期和拔节期分2次施肥的老芒麦产草量比分蘖期1次施肥提高12%(P<0.01).从经济效益考虑较适宜的施肥量是225 kg/hm2.  相似文献   

聚乙二醇处理对羊草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响   总被引：35，自引：9，他引：35  

刘杰  刘公社  齐冬梅  李芳芳  汪恩华 《草业学报》2002,11(1):59-64

应用聚乙二醇（PEG－6000）引法探讨了不同引发渗透处理、时间处理对羊草种子萌发及活力的影响，结果表明：以30％PEG处理羊草种子24h，能显著提高羊草子发芽率和幼苗活力，降低萌发过程中的外渗电导率。在羊草种子萌发期间，经PEG处理的羊草种子，呼吸速率初始低于对照，之后迅速增加；超氧负离子（O2^-）明显降低，超氧化物歧化物（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性均显著增加；脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的积累量明显低于对照。经PEG引发引起的羊草种子活力升 体内性氧代谢的变化存在着一定的内在联系。  相似文献