环渤海盐碱地区农业资源分布特征与农业持续发展模式初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘小京  田魁祥 《中国生态农业学报》2000,8(4):67-70

综合分析了河北省沧州市运河以东环渤海盐碱地区农业资源分布特征及经济发展状况,提出该区应依据资源与经济的梯级分布布局及开展盐碱地梯级开发治理的战略,利用与保护并举,实施生物措施与工程措施相结合,发展特色、优质和高产高效农业,促进该区农业的持续高效发展。  相似文献   

盐渍条件下不同施锌量对玉米幼苗生长和锌形态转化的影响          下载免费PDF全文

霍琳  马前瑞  杨思存  温美娟  王成宝 《寒旱农业科学》2022,(11):154-160

为揭示外源锌在绿洲盐化潮土中的转化特征,通过盆栽模拟试验,探究了盐渍条件下不同施锌量对玉米幼苗生长和锌形态转化的影响。结果表明,无论非盐渍条件还是盐渍条件下,随着施锌量的增加玉米的株高和干重均呈先增加后减小的趋势,施锌量为5～10 mg/kg时达到最大。玉米含锌量随施锌量的增加而增大,吸锌量随施锌量的增加先增大后减小,施锌量为10 mg/kg时达到最大。施锌0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/kg处理的株高与不施锌比较,在非盐渍条件下分别增加13.60%、13.89%、15.58%、20.84%、21.57%、19.58%,在盐渍条件下分别增加3.31%、8.00%、9.74%、11.51%、8.41%、6.87%。由此认为,绿洲盐化潮土的适宜施锌量为5～10 mg/kg,有害或过量施锌量为≥20 mg/kg。随施锌量的升高,盐渍条件下的土壤有效锌(DTPA-Zn)、碳酸盐结合态锌(CAB-Zn)、松结有机结合态锌(WBO-Zn)、氧化锰结合态锌(OxMn-Zn)、无定形氧化铁结合态锌(AOFe-Zn)、晶形氧化铁结合态锌(COFe-Zn)和残留矿物态锌(RES-Zn)均呈上升趋势,分别增加了15.63%～767.19%、7.69%～296.92%、5.68%～270.45%、0.72%～19.42%、1.82%～65.25%、1.01%～37.61%、0.18%～6.92%。与非盐渍条件下相比,盐渍条件下的玉米株高、干重、含锌量、吸锌量、土壤有效锌(DTPA-Zn)、植物可利用态锌(碳酸盐结合态锌、松结有机结合态锌、氧化锰结合态锌)均降低,其他态锌(无定形氧化铁结合态锌、晶形氧化铁结合态锌和残留矿物态锌)均升高。综合分析认为,施用适量锌肥能显著提高玉米的耐盐性,缓解长期盐分胁迫带来的毒害,在短期内能有效改善土壤-作物系统的锌营养水平。  相似文献   

Ameliorative Effect of Calcium Nitrate on Cucumber and Melon Plants Drip Irrigated with Saline Water     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1665-1681

Abstract

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Orlando) and melon (Cucumis melo cv. Ananas) were field grown to investigate the effects of supplementary calcium nitrate applied to irrigation water on plant growth and fruit yield of salt stressed and unstressed cucumber and melon plants. Treatments were (1) control: normal irrigation water (C); (2) normal irrigation water plus supplementary 5 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ added to the irrigation water (C + CaN); (3) salt treatment: C plus 60 mM NaCl added irrigation water (C + S); and (4) supplementary Ca(NO₃)₂: C + S plus supplementary 5 mM Ca(NO₃)₂ added to the irrigation water (C + S + CaN). Plants irrigated with water containing high NaCl produced less dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll than the control treatments of both species. Supplementing irrigation water with Ca(NO₃)₂ resulted in increases in dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll concentrations over plants irrigated with saline water. Membrane permeability increased with C + S treatment for both species. Supplementary Ca(NO₃)₂ restored membrane permeability. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in leaves and roots in the elevated NaCl treatment. Concentrations of Ca and N in leaves were decreased in the high salt treatment and fully restored by supplementary Ca(NO₃)₂. These results clearly show that supplementary Ca(NO₃)₂ can partly mitigate the adverse effects of saline water on both fruit yield and whole plant biomass in melon and cucumber plants.  相似文献   

不同秸秆埋深对苏北滩涂盐渍土水盐动态变化的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

李芙荣  杨劲松  吴亚坤  姚荣江  余世鹏  张建兵 《土壤》2013,45(6):1101-1107

为了进一步认识稻田土壤中Ca、Mg元素生物地球化学循环对大气CO2浓度升高的响应,本实验利用中国稻麦轮作FACE(free air carbon-dioxide enrichment)试验平台,通过观测稻季不同生育期不同深度(30、60和90 cm)土壤溶液中的Ca2+、Mg2+ 浓度,研究大气CO2浓度升高对土壤Ca、Mg淋移的中长时期(第9年)影响。研究结果表明,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤溶液中的Ca2+浓度呈降低趋势,Mg2+浓度呈增加趋势;随着生育期的推进,呈现先增加后减小的趋势,并在抽穗期达到最大值。大气CO2浓度升高略微降低30、60 cm处土壤溶液的Ca2+ 浓度,增加90 cm处Ca2+ 浓度(6.7%)。稻田不同深度土壤溶液中Mg2+ 浓度对大气CO2浓度升高的响应有所不同,且在60 cm处有较强的正响应(12.1%)。研究明确高浓度CO2有加剧Ca2+、Mg2+ 向下淋溶损失的趋势,耕层土壤有机物料输入增多、 浓度增加、pH下降等是主要原因。大气CO2浓度升高对农田生态系统土壤Ca、Mg元素循环的长期影响值得进一步关注。  相似文献   

盐碱胁迫对不同砧木黄瓜嫁接苗生长及根区土壤酶活性的影响     

赵源  吴凤芝 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(5):33

针对黑龙江等地的苏打盐碱土壤,模拟其盐碱成分,采用盆栽的方法,以2 种耐盐碱性强的砧木和2 种耐盐碱性弱的
砧木的黄瓜嫁接苗为试材,自根苗为对照,用盐浓度为100 mmol·L^-1,pH 值 9.0 的盐碱液处理土壤,研究盐碱胁迫对不同耐
盐碱砧木嫁接黄瓜及自根苗生长状况及根区土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱性强的砧木嫁接黄瓜产量、地上
部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、株高和叶绿素含量均显著高于耐盐碱性弱的砧木嫁接黄瓜和自根苗。盐碱胁迫下定植后30 d,耐盐
碱性强的砧木嫁接黄瓜土壤脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性高于耐盐碱性弱的砧木嫁接黄瓜及自根苗;定植后40 d,耐盐碱性强的砧木
嫁接黄瓜土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性高于耐盐碱性弱的砧木嫁接黄瓜及自根苗;定植后50 d,耐盐碱性强的砧木嫁接黄瓜土
壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性均高于耐盐碱性弱的砧木嫁接黄瓜及自根苗。耐盐碱性强的砧木嫁接苗生长健
壮,受盐害程度低,说明嫁接能显著提高黄瓜的耐盐碱性;耐盐碱性强的砧木嫁接苗抗性增强与土壤酶活性提高密切相关。  相似文献   

干旱区典型盐碱土反射光谱特征分析     

蒲智  孟晓燕  陈艳红  吴艳 《安徽农业科学》2013,(26):10867-10869

地物光谱特征是遥感机理的重要内容,也是遥感应用研究的重要依据.盐碱土的反射光谱特性反映了盐碱土的理化特征.以干旱区3种典型的盐碱土为研究对象,测量了不同含盐量和含水率的土壤反射率光谱,并分析了其光谱特征.结果表明,3种盐碱土的光谱反射率在干燥状态下有明显的高低规律.经过去包络线处理后,3种盐碱土在干燥状态下具有明显不同的光谱特征,且在干湿两种状态下,两个水分吸收谷处的吸收深度的深浅均具有明显的深浅差异.根据这些特征可以将3种类型的盐碱土区分出来.研究结果可为今后进一步研究盐碱化土壤参数反演和分类,以及盐碱土监测等遥感应用服务.  相似文献   

General Anesthesia in Horses on Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy     

Lindsey B.C. Snyder  Erin Wendt-Hornickle  DVM 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2013

  相似文献   

The Use of Saline Water in Agriculture in the Near East and North Africa Region: Present and Future     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):299-323

SUMMARY

Salinity is a major problem that negatively impacts agricultural activities in many regions in the world, and especially the Near East and North Africa region. Generally, salinity problems increase with increasing salt concentration in irrigation water. Crop growth reduction due to salinity is generally related to the osmotic potential of the root-zone soil solution. This will lead to certain phenological changes and substantial reduction in productivity. Salinity also affects the soil physical properties. Sewage treated wastewater is an alternative water source for irrigation. Using such wastewater will provide a new water resource to expand agricultural activities as well as reduce the environmental pollution. Each country in the region has a unique system of rules and regulations to protect the quality of water resources. Important aspects that should be taken into account when using wastewater for irrigation are discussed, including some information on the different irrigation systems used in the region, and the factors leading to success of using saline water for economic crop production. Information on the use of saline water or marginal saline soils for wheat production and improvement of irrigation systems, including old land irrigation systems, under Egyptian conditions is also presented. The regional experiences and the future prospects of using saline water for crop production that vary greatly among countries in the Near East and North Africa region are summarized. This article also presents information on special cultivation methods, such as protected agriculture and soilless culture that can help in alleviating the salinity effects. Finally, the article includes some examples on the inherited knowledge for saline agriculture that conveys the grower's experience in the Near East and North Africa region where several living examples for unique and sustainable cultivation system are still in operation. One of the most impressive cultivation techniques for bio-saline crop management in Egypt is the Edkawy production system.  相似文献   

暗管改碱技术试验区不同生境盐生植物资源及其群落特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王文惠  刘慧涛  马凤娇  韩立朴  刘鹏  徐丽  谭莉梅  于淑会  刘金铜 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(12):1700-1705

盐生植物群落的空间格局因受土壤盐碱化的影响而呈现一定的地域性差异,其群落特征及分布对土壤盐碱化程度具有良好的指示作用。研究盐碱地区盐生植物群落特征及其分布规律,对补充和完善土壤盐碱化程度的检测和评估方法及当地盐碱地的改良和生态环境治理均具有一定的指导意义。本文以河北沧州黄骅市暗管改碱技术试验区为例,采用五点取样法分别对地下埋设暗管的荒地、夏季休耕地和未埋设暗管的荒地、夏季休耕地4种生境的植被进行调查,并采用聚类分析方法和Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数等分析4种生境下盐生植物资源及其群落特征。结果表明,被调查的20个样方内共有植物8科17属19种,均为草本植物,划分为5种植物群落类型。地下埋设暗管后,抗盐能力相对较低的假盐生植物和非盐生植物逐渐替代真盐生植物,成为荒地和夏季休耕地植物群落的优势种。并且地下埋设暗管的荒地和夏季休耕地物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于未埋设暗管的荒地和夏季休耕地。由此可见,暗管改碱技术的实施能在一定程度上降低土壤盐渍化程度,有利于保护和提高植物物种多样性,对盐碱地生态环境质量的改善具有重要意义,建议对其进行进一步研究及推广应用。  相似文献   

客土绿化种植模式在滨海盐碱地园林工程中的应用     

李寿冰  崔焕岗  郇庆国  肖春燕 《安徽农业科学》2011,(19):11612-11614

结合园林工程中客土绿化种植模式施工管理,从绿化栽植场地准备、绿化苗木的选择、绿化苗木的栽植和养护管理4个方面进行总结,以期为滨海经济开发区的园林绿化提供施工经验。  相似文献